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## Google Mock ##

The Google C++ mocking framework.

### Overview ###

Google's framework for writing and using C++ mock classes.

It can help you derive better designs of your system and write better tests.

It is inspired by:

  * [jMock](http://www.jmock.org/),

  * [EasyMock](http://www.easymock.org/), and

  * [Hamcrest](http://code.google.com/p/hamcrest/),

and designed with C++'s specifics in mind.

Google mock:

  * lets you create mock classes trivially using simple macros.

  * supports a rich set of matchers and actions.

  * handles unordered, partially ordered, or completely ordered expectations.

  * is extensible by users.

We hope you find it useful!

### Features ###

  * Provides a declarative syntax for defining mocks.

  * Can easily define partial (hybrid) mocks, which are a cross of real

    and mock objects.

  * Handles functions of arbitrary types and overloaded functions.

  * Comes with a rich set of matchers for validating function arguments.

  * Uses an intuitive syntax for controlling the behavior of a mock.

  * Does automatic verification of expectations (no record-and-replay needed).

  * Allows arbitrary (partial) ordering constraints on

    function calls to be expressed,.

  * Lets a user extend it by defining new matchers and actions.

  * Does not use exceptions.

  * Is easy to learn and use.

Please see the project page above for more information as well as the

mailing list for questions, discussions, and development.  There is

also an IRC channel on OFTC (irc.oftc.net) #gtest available.  Please

join us!

Please note that code under [scripts/generator](scripts/generator/) is

from [cppclean](http://code.google.com/p/cppclean/) and released under

the Apache License, which is different from Google Mock's license.

## Getting Started ##

If you are new to the project, we suggest that you read the user

documentation in the following order:

  * Learn the [basics](../googletest/docs/Primer.md) of

    Google Test, if you choose to use Google Mock with it (recommended).

  * Read [Google Mock for Dummies](docs/ForDummies.md).

  * Read the instructions below on how to build Google Mock.

You can also watch Zhanyong's [talk](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYpCyLI47rM) on Google Mock's usage and implementation.

Once you understand the basics, check out the rest of the docs:

  * [CheatSheet](docs/CheatSheet.md) - all the commonly used stuff

    at a glance.

  * [CookBook](docs/CookBook.md) - recipes for getting things done,

    including advanced techniques.

If you need help, please check the

[KnownIssues](docs/KnownIssues.md) and

[FrequentlyAskedQuestions](docs/FrequentlyAskedQuestions.md) before

posting a question on the

[discussion group](http://groups.google.com/group/googlemock).

### Using Google Mock Without Google Test ###

Google Mock is not a testing framework itself.  Instead, it needs a

testing framework for writing tests.  Google Mock works seamlessly

with [Google Test](http://code.google.com/p/googletest/), but

you can also use it with [any C++ testing framework](googlemock/ForDummies.md#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework).

### Requirements for End Users ###

Google Mock is implemented on top of [Google Test](

http://github.com/google/googletest/), and depends on it.

You must use the bundled version of Google Test when using Google Mock.

You can also easily configure Google Mock to work with another testing

framework, although it will still need Google Test.  Please read

["Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework"](

    docs/ForDummies.md#Using_Google_Mock_with_Any_Testing_Framework)

for instructions.

Google Mock depends on advanced C++ features and thus requires a more

modern compiler. The following are needed to use Google Mock:

#### Linux Requirements ####

  * GNU-compatible Make or "gmake"

  * POSIX-standard shell

  * POSIX(-2) Regular Expressions (regex.h)

  * C++98-standard-compliant compiler (e.g. GCC 3.4 or newer)

#### Windows Requirements ####

  * Microsoft Visual C++ 8.0 SP1 or newer

#### Mac OS X Requirements ####

  * Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger or newer

  * Developer Tools Installed

### Requirements for Contributors ###

We welcome patches. If you plan to contribute a patch, you need to

build Google Mock and its tests, which has further requirements:

  * Automake version 1.9 or newer

  * Autoconf version 2.59 or newer

  * Libtool / Libtoolize

  * Python version 2.3 or newer (for running some of the tests and

    re-generating certain source files from templates)

### Building Google Mock ###

#### Preparing to Build (Unix only) ####

If you are using a Unix system and plan to use the GNU Autotools build

system to build Google Mock (described below), you'll need to

configure it now.

To prepare the Autotools build system:

    cd googlemock

    autoreconf -fvi

To build Google Mock and your tests that use it, you need to tell your

build system where to find its headers and source files.  The exact

way to do it depends on which build system you use, and is usually

straightforward.

This section shows how you can integrate Google Mock into your

existing build system.

Suppose you put Google Mock in directory `${GMOCK_DIR}` and Google Test

in `${GTEST_DIR}` (the latter is `${GMOCK_DIR}/gtest` by default).  To

build Google Mock, create a library build target (or a project as

called by Visual Studio and Xcode) to compile

    ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc and ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc

with

    ${GTEST_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK_DIR}/include

in the system header search path, and

    ${GTEST_DIR} and ${GMOCK_DIR}

in the normal header search path.  Assuming a Linux-like system and gcc,

something like the following will do:

    g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \

        -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \

        -pthread -c ${GTEST_DIR}/src/gtest-all.cc

    g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -I${GTEST_DIR} \

        -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include -I${GMOCK_DIR} \

        -pthread -c ${GMOCK_DIR}/src/gmock-all.cc

    ar -rv libgmock.a gtest-all.o gmock-all.o

(We need -pthread as Google Test and Google Mock use threads.)

Next, you should compile your test source file with

${GTEST\_DIR}/include and ${GMOCK\_DIR}/include in the header search

path, and link it with gmock and any other necessary libraries:

    g++ -isystem ${GTEST_DIR}/include -isystem ${GMOCK_DIR}/include \

        -pthread path/to/your_test.cc libgmock.a -o your_test

As an example, the make/ directory contains a Makefile that you can

use to build Google Mock on systems where GNU make is available

(e.g. Linux, Mac OS X, and Cygwin).  It doesn't try to build Google

Mock's own tests.  Instead, it just builds the Google Mock library and

a sample test.  You can use it as a starting point for your own build

script.

If the default settings are correct for your environment, the

following commands should succeed:

    cd ${GMOCK_DIR}/make

    make

    ./gmock_test

If you see errors, try to tweak the contents of

[make/Makefile](make/Makefile) to make them go away.

### Windows ###

The msvc/2005 directory contains VC++ 2005 projects and the msvc/2010

directory contains VC++ 2010 projects for building Google Mock and

selected tests.

Change to the appropriate directory and run "msbuild gmock.sln" to

build the library and tests (or open the gmock.sln in the MSVC IDE).

If you want to create your own project to use with Google Mock, you'll

have to configure it to use the `gmock_config` propety sheet.  For that:

 * Open the Property Manager window (View | Other Windows | Property Manager)

 * Right-click on your project and select "Add Existing Property Sheet..."

 * Navigate to `gmock_config.vsprops` or `gmock_config.props` and select it.

 * In Project Properties | Configuration Properties | General | Additional

   Include Directories, type /include.

### Tweaking Google Mock ###

Google Mock can be used in diverse environments.  The default

configuration may not work (or may not work well) out of the box in

some environments.  However, you can easily tweak Google Mock by

defining control macros on the compiler command line.  Generally,

these macros are named like `GTEST_XYZ` and you define them to either 1

or 0 to enable or disable a certain feature.

We list the most frequently used macros below.  For a complete list,

see file [${GTEST\_DIR}/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h](

../googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h).

### Choosing a TR1 Tuple Library ###

Google Mock uses the C++ Technical Report 1 (TR1) tuple library

heavily.  Unfortunately TR1 tuple is not yet widely available with all

compilers.  The good news is that Google Test 1.4.0+ implements a

subset of TR1 tuple that's enough for Google Mock's need.  Google Mock

will automatically use that implementation when the compiler doesn't

provide TR1 tuple.

Usually you don't need to care about which tuple library Google Test

and Google Mock use.  However, if your project already uses TR1 tuple,

you need to tell Google Test and Google Mock to use the same TR1 tuple

library the rest of your project uses, or the two tuple

implementations will clash.  To do that, add

    -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=0

to the compiler flags while compiling Google Test, Google Mock, and

your tests.  If you want to force Google Test and Google Mock to use

their own tuple library, just add

    -DGTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE=1

to the compiler flags instead.

If you want to use Boost's TR1 tuple library with Google Mock, please

refer to the Boost website (http://www.boost.org/) for how to obtain

it and set it up.

### As a Shared Library (DLL) ###

Google Mock is compact, so most users can build and link it as a static

library for the simplicity.  Google Mock can be used as a DLL, but the

same DLL must contain Google Test as well.  See

[Google Test's README][gtest_readme]

for instructions on how to set up necessary compiler settings.

### Tweaking Google Mock ###

Most of Google Test's control macros apply to Google Mock as well.

Please see [Google Test's README][gtest_readme] for how to tweak them.

### Upgrading from an Earlier Version ###

We strive to keep Google Mock releases backward compatible.

Sometimes, though, we have to make some breaking changes for the

users' long-term benefits.  This section describes what you'll need to

do if you are upgrading from an earlier version of Google Mock.

#### Upgrading from 1.1.0 or Earlier ####

You may need to explicitly enable or disable Google Test's own TR1

tuple library.  See the instructions in section "[Choosing a TR1 Tuple

Library](../googletest/#choosing-a-tr1-tuple-library)".

#### Upgrading from 1.4.0 or Earlier ####

On platforms where the pthread library is available, Google Test and

Google Mock use it in order to be thread-safe.  For this to work, you

may need to tweak your compiler and/or linker flags.  Please see the

"[Multi-threaded Tests](../googletest#multi-threaded-tests

)" section in file Google Test's README for what you may need to do.

If you have custom matchers defined using `MatcherInterface` or

`MakePolymorphicMatcher()`, you'll need to update their definitions to

use the new matcher API (

[monomorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Monomorphic_Matchers),

[polymorphic](http://code.google.com/p/googlemock/wiki/CookBook#Writing_New_Polymorphic_Matchers)).

Matchers defined using `MATCHER()` or `MATCHER_P*()` aren't affected.

### Developing Google Mock ###

This section discusses how to make your own changes to Google Mock.

#### Testing Google Mock Itself ####

To make sure your changes work as intended and don't break existing

functionality, you'll want to compile and run Google Test's own tests.

For that you'll need Autotools.  First, make sure you have followed

the instructions above to configure Google Mock.

Then, create a build output directory and enter it.  Next,

    ${GMOCK_DIR}/configure  # try --help for more info

Once you have successfully configured Google Mock, the build steps are

standard for GNU-style OSS packages.

    make        # Standard makefile following GNU conventions

    make check  # Builds and runs all tests - all should pass.

Note that when building your project against Google Mock, you are building

against Google Test as well.  There is no need to configure Google Test

separately.

#### Contributing a Patch ####

We welcome patches.

Please read the [Developer's Guide](docs/DevGuide.md)

for how you can contribute. In particular, make sure you have signed

the Contributor License Agreement, or we won't be able to accept the

patch.

Happy testing!

[gtest_readme]: ../googletest/README.md "googletest"