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START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

* As: (as).                     The GNU assembler.

* Gas: (as).                    The GNU assembler.

END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY

   This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".

   Copyright (C) 1991, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 2000, 2001, 2002,

2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

   Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document

under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or

any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no

Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover

Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU

Free Documentation License".

File: as.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Overview,  Up: (dir)

Using as

********

This file is a user guide to the GNU assembler `as' (GNU Binutils)

version 2.18.90.

   This document is distributed under the terms of the GNU Free

Documentation License.  A copy of the license is included in the

section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

* Menu:

* Overview::                    Overview

* Invoking::                    Command-Line Options

* Syntax::                      Syntax

* Sections::                    Sections and Relocation

* Symbols::                     Symbols

* Expressions::                 Expressions

* Pseudo Ops::                  Assembler Directives

* Object Attributes::           Object Attributes

* Machine Dependencies::        Machine Dependent Features

* Reporting Bugs::              Reporting Bugs

* Acknowledgements::            Who Did What

* GNU Free Documentation License::  GNU Free Documentation License

* AS Index::                    AS Index

File: as.info,  Node: Overview,  Next: Invoking,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

1 Overview

**********

Here is a brief summary of how to invoke `as'.  For details, see *Note

Command-Line Options: Invoking.

     as [-a[cdghlns][=FILE]] [-alternate] [-D]

      [-debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW]

      [-defsym SYM=VAL] [-f] [-g] [-gstabs]

      [-gstabs+] [-gdwarf-2] [-help] [-I DIR] [-J]

      [-K] [-L] [-listing-lhs-width=NUM]

      [-listing-lhs-width2=NUM] [-listing-rhs-width=NUM]

      [-listing-cont-lines=NUM] [-keep-locals] [-o

      OBJFILE] [-R] [-reduce-memory-overheads] [-statistics]

      [-v] [-version] [-version] [-W] [-warn]

      [-fatal-warnings] [-w] [-x] [-Z] [@FILE]

      [-target-help] [TARGET-OPTIONS]

      [-|FILES ...]

     _Target Alpha options:_

        [-mCPU]

        [-mdebug | -no-mdebug]

        [-relax] [-g] [-GSIZE]

        [-F] [-32addr]

     _Target ARC options:_

        [-marc[5|6|7|8]]

        [-EB|-EL]

     _Target ARM options:_

        [-mcpu=PROCESSOR[+EXTENSION...]]

        [-march=ARCHITECTURE[+EXTENSION...]]

        [-mfpu=FLOATING-POINT-FORMAT]

        [-mfloat-abi=ABI]

        [-meabi=VER]

        [-mthumb]

        [-EB|-EL]

        [-mapcs-32|-mapcs-26|-mapcs-float|

         -mapcs-reentrant]

        [-mthumb-interwork] [-k]

     _Target CRIS options:_

        [-underscore | -no-underscore]

        [-pic] [-N]

        [-emulation=criself | -emulation=crisaout]

        [-march=v0_v10 | -march=v10 | -march=v32 | -march=common_v10_v32]

     _Target D10V options:_

        [-O]

     _Target D30V options:_

        [-O|-n|-N]

     _Target H8/300 options:_

        [-h-tick-hex]

     _Target i386 options:_

        [-32|-64] [-n]

        [-march=CPU[+EXTENSION...]] [-mtune=CPU]

     _Target i960 options:_

        [-ACA|-ACA_A|-ACB|-ACC|-AKA|-AKB|

         -AKC|-AMC]

        [-b] [-no-relax]

     _Target IA-64 options:_

        [-mconstant-gp|-mauto-pic]

        [-milp32|-milp64|-mlp64|-mp64]

        [-mle|mbe]

        [-mtune=itanium1|-mtune=itanium2]

        [-munwind-check=warning|-munwind-check=error]

        [-mhint.b=ok|-mhint.b=warning|-mhint.b=error]

        [-x|-xexplicit] [-xauto] [-xdebug]

     _Target IP2K options:_

        [-mip2022|-mip2022ext]

     _Target M32C options:_

        [-m32c|-m16c] [-relax] [-h-tick-hex]

     _Target M32R options:_

        [-m32rx|-[no-]warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts|

        -W[n]p]

     _Target M680X0 options:_

        [-l] [-m68000|-m68010|-m68020|...]

     _Target M68HC11 options:_

        [-m68hc11|-m68hc12|-m68hcs12]

        [-mshort|-mlong]

        [-mshort-double|-mlong-double]

        [-force-long-branches] [-short-branches]

        [-strict-direct-mode] [-print-insn-syntax]

        [-print-opcodes] [-generate-example]

     _Target MCORE options:_

        [-jsri2bsr] [-sifilter] [-relax]

        [-mcpu=[210|340]]

     _Target MIPS options:_

        [-nocpp] [-EL] [-EB] [-O[OPTIMIZATION LEVEL]]

        [-g[DEBUG LEVEL]] [-G NUM] [-KPIC] [-call_shared]

        [-non_shared] [-xgot [-mvxworks-pic]

        [-mabi=ABI] [-32] [-n32] [-64] [-mfp32] [-mgp32]

        [-march=CPU] [-mtune=CPU] [-mips1] [-mips2]

        [-mips3] [-mips4] [-mips5] [-mips32] [-mips32r2]

        [-mips64] [-mips64r2]

        [-construct-floats] [-no-construct-floats]

        [-trap] [-no-break] [-break] [-no-trap]

        [-mfix7000] [-mno-fix7000]

        [-mips16] [-no-mips16]

        [-msmartmips] [-mno-smartmips]

        [-mips3d] [-no-mips3d]

        [-mdmx] [-no-mdmx]

        [-mdsp] [-mno-dsp]

        [-mdspr2] [-mno-dspr2]

        [-mmt] [-mno-mt]

        [-mdebug] [-no-mdebug]

        [-mpdr] [-mno-pdr]

     _Target MMIX options:_

        [-fixed-special-register-names] [-globalize-symbols]

        [-gnu-syntax] [-relax] [-no-predefined-symbols]

        [-no-expand] [-no-merge-gregs] [-x]

        [-linker-allocated-gregs]

     _Target PDP11 options:_

        [-mpic|-mno-pic] [-mall] [-mno-extensions]

        [-mEXTENSION|-mno-EXTENSION]

        [-mCPU] [-mMACHINE]

     _Target picoJava options:_

        [-mb|-me]

     _Target PowerPC options:_

        [-mpwrx|-mpwr2|-mpwr|-m601|-mppc|-mppc32|-m603|-m604|

         -m403|-m405|-mppc64|-m620|-mppc64bridge|-mbooke|

         -mbooke32|-mbooke64]

        [-mcom|-many|-maltivec|-mvsx] [-memb]

        [-mregnames|-mno-regnames]

        [-mrelocatable|-mrelocatable-lib]

        [-mlittle|-mlittle-endian|-mbig|-mbig-endian]

        [-msolaris|-mno-solaris]

     _Target SPARC options:_

        [-Av6|-Av7|-Av8|-Asparclet|-Asparclite

         -Av8plus|-Av8plusa|-Av9|-Av9a]

        [-xarch=v8plus|-xarch=v8plusa] [-bump]

        [-32|-64]

     _Target TIC54X options:_

      [-mcpu=54[123589]|-mcpu=54[56]lp] [-mfar-mode|-mf]

      [-merrors-to-file |-me ]

     _Target Z80 options:_

       [-z80] [-r800]

       [ -ignore-undocumented-instructions] [-Wnud]

       [ -ignore-unportable-instructions] [-Wnup]

       [ -warn-undocumented-instructions] [-Wud]

       [ -warn-unportable-instructions] [-Wup]

       [ -forbid-undocumented-instructions] [-Fud]

       [ -forbid-unportable-instructions] [-Fup]

     _Target Xtensa options:_

      [-[no-]text-section-literals] [-[no-]absolute-literals]

      [-[no-]target-align] [-[no-]longcalls]

      [-[no-]transform]

      [-rename-section OLDNAME=NEWNAME]

`@FILE'

     Read command-line options from FILE.  The options read are

     inserted in place of the original @FILE option.  If FILE does not

     exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated

     literally, and not removed.

     Options in FILE are separated by whitespace.  A whitespace

     character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire

     option in either single or double quotes.  Any character

     (including a backslash) may be included by prefixing the character

     to be included with a backslash.  The FILE may itself contain

     additional @FILE options; any such options will be processed

     recursively.

`-a[cdghlmns]'

     Turn on listings, in any of a variety of ways:

    `-ac'

          omit false conditionals

    `-ad'

          omit debugging directives

    `-ag'

          include general information, like as version and options

          passed

    `-ah'

          include high-level source

    `-al'

          include assembly

    `-am'

          include macro expansions

    `-an'

          omit forms processing

    `-as'

          include symbols

    `=file'

          set the name of the listing file

     You may combine these options; for example, use `-aln' for assembly

     listing without forms processing.  The `=file' option, if used,

     must be the last one.  By itself, `-a' defaults to `-ahls'.

`--alternate'

     Begin in alternate macro mode.  *Note `.altmacro': Altmacro.

`-D'

     Ignored.  This option is accepted for script compatibility with

     calls to other assemblers.

`--debug-prefix-map OLD=NEW'

     When assembling files in directory `OLD', record debugging

     information describing them as in `NEW' instead.

`--defsym SYM=VALUE'

     Define the symbol SYM to be VALUE before assembling the input file.

     VALUE must be an integer constant.  As in C, a leading `0x'

     indicates a hexadecimal value, and a leading `0' indicates an octal

     value.  The value of the symbol can be overridden inside a source

     file via the use of a `.set' pseudo-op.

`-f'

     "fast"--skip whitespace and comment preprocessing (assume source is

     compiler output).

`-g'

`--gen-debug'

     Generate debugging information for each assembler source line

     using whichever debug format is preferred by the target.  This

     currently means either STABS, ECOFF or DWARF2.

`--gstabs'

     Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line.  This

     may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle it.

`--gstabs+'

     Generate stabs debugging information for each assembler line, with

     GNU extensions that probably only gdb can handle, and that could

     make other debuggers crash or refuse to read your program.  This

     may help debugging assembler code.  Currently the only GNU

     extension is the location of the current working directory at

     assembling time.

`--gdwarf-2'

     Generate DWARF2 debugging information for each assembler line.

     This may help debugging assembler code, if the debugger can handle

     it.  Note--this option is only supported by some targets, not all

     of them.

`--help'

     Print a summary of the command line options and exit.

`--target-help'

     Print a summary of all target specific options and exit.

`-I DIR'

     Add directory DIR to the search list for `.include' directives.

`-J'

     Don't warn about signed overflow.

`-K'

     Issue warnings when difference tables altered for long

     displacements.

`-L'

`--keep-locals'

     Keep (in the symbol table) local symbols.  These symbols start with

     system-specific local label prefixes, typically `.L' for ELF

     systems or `L' for traditional a.out systems.  *Note Symbol

     Names::.

`--listing-lhs-width=NUMBER'

     Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for an

     assembler listing to NUMBER.

`--listing-lhs-width2=NUMBER'

     Set the maximum width, in words, of the output data column for

     continuation lines in an assembler listing to NUMBER.

`--listing-rhs-width=NUMBER'

     Set the maximum width of an input source line, as displayed in a

     listing, to NUMBER bytes.

`--listing-cont-lines=NUMBER'

     Set the maximum number of lines printed in a listing for a single

     line of input to NUMBER + 1.

`-o OBJFILE'

     Name the object-file output from `as' OBJFILE.

`-R'

     Fold the data section into the text section.

     Set the default size of GAS's hash tables to a prime number close

     to NUMBER.  Increasing this value can reduce the length of time it

     takes the assembler to perform its tasks, at the expense of

     increasing the assembler's memory requirements.  Similarly

     reducing this value can reduce the memory requirements at the

     expense of speed.

`--reduce-memory-overheads'

     This option reduces GAS's memory requirements, at the expense of

     making the assembly processes slower.  Currently this switch is a

     synonym for `--hash-size=4051', but in the future it may have

     other effects as well.

`--statistics'

     Print the maximum space (in bytes) and total time (in seconds)

     used by assembly.

`--strip-local-absolute'

     Remove local absolute symbols from the outgoing symbol table.

`-v'

`-version'

     Print the `as' version.

`--version'

     Print the `as' version and exit.

`-W'

`--no-warn'

     Suppress warning messages.

`--fatal-warnings'

     Treat warnings as errors.

`--warn'

     Don't suppress warning messages or treat them as errors.

`-w'

     Ignored.

`-x'

     Ignored.

`-Z'

     Generate an object file even after errors.

`-- | FILES ...'

     Standard input, or source files to assemble.

   The following options are available when as is configured for an ARC

processor.

`-marc[5|6|7|8]'

     This option selects the core processor variant.

`-EB | -EL'

     Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the ARM

processor family.

`-mcpu=PROCESSOR[+EXTENSION...]'

     Specify which ARM processor variant is the target.

`-march=ARCHITECTURE[+EXTENSION...]'

     Specify which ARM architecture variant is used by the target.

`-mfpu=FLOATING-POINT-FORMAT'

     Select which Floating Point architecture is the target.

`-mfloat-abi=ABI'

     Select which floating point ABI is in use.

`-mthumb'

     Enable Thumb only instruction decoding.

`-mapcs-32 | -mapcs-26 | -mapcs-float | -mapcs-reentrant'

     Select which procedure calling convention is in use.

`-EB | -EL'

     Select either big-endian (-EB) or little-endian (-EL) output.

`-mthumb-interwork'

     Specify that the code has been generated with interworking between

     Thumb and ARM code in mind.

`-k'

     Specify that PIC code has been generated.

   See the info pages for documentation of the CRIS-specific options.

   The following options are available when as is configured for a D10V

processor.

`-O'

     Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

   The following options are available when as is configured for a D30V

processor.

`-O'

     Optimize output by parallelizing instructions.

`-n'

     Warn when nops are generated.

`-N'

     Warn when a nop after a 32-bit multiply instruction is generated.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Intel 80960 processor.

`-ACA | -ACA_A | -ACB | -ACC | -AKA | -AKB | -AKC | -AMC'

     Specify which variant of the 960 architecture is the target.

`-b'

     Add code to collect statistics about branches taken.

`-no-relax'

     Do not alter compare-and-branch instructions for long

     displacements; error if necessary.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Ubicom IP2K series.

`-mip2022ext'

     Specifies that the extended IP2022 instructions are allowed.

`-mip2022'

     Restores the default behaviour, which restricts the permitted

     instructions to just the basic IP2022 ones.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Renesas M32C and M16C processors.

`-m32c'

     Assemble M32C instructions.

`-m16c'

     Assemble M16C instructions (the default).

`-relax'

     Enable support for link-time relaxations.

`-h-tick-hex'

     Support H'00 style hex constants in addition to 0x00 style.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Renesas M32R (formerly Mitsubishi M32R) series.

`--m32rx'

     Specify which processor in the M32R family is the target.  The

     default is normally the M32R, but this option changes it to the

     M32RX.

`--warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wp'

     Produce warning messages when questionable parallel constructs are

     encountered.

`--no-warn-explicit-parallel-conflicts or --Wnp'

     Do not produce warning messages when questionable parallel

     constructs are encountered.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Motorola 68000 series.

`-l'

     Shorten references to undefined symbols, to one word instead of

     two.

`-m68000 | -m68008 | -m68010 | -m68020 | -m68030'

`| -m68040 | -m68060 | -m68302 | -m68331 | -m68332'

`| -m68333 | -m68340 | -mcpu32 | -m5200'

     Specify what processor in the 68000 family is the target.  The

     default is normally the 68020, but this can be changed at

     configuration time.

`-m68881 | -m68882 | -mno-68881 | -mno-68882'

     The target machine does (or does not) have a floating-point

     coprocessor.  The default is to assume a coprocessor for 68020,

     68030, and cpu32.  Although the basic 68000 is not compatible with

     the 68881, a combination of the two can be specified, since it's

     possible to do emulation of the coprocessor instructions with the

     main processor.

`-m68851 | -mno-68851'

     The target machine does (or does not) have a memory-management

     unit coprocessor.  The default is to assume an MMU for 68020 and

     up.

   For details about the PDP-11 machine dependent features options, see

*Note PDP-11-Options::.

`-mpic | -mno-pic'

     Generate position-independent (or position-dependent) code.  The

     default is `-mpic'.

`-mall'

`-mall-extensions'

     Enable all instruction set extensions.  This is the default.

`-mno-extensions'

     Disable all instruction set extensions.

`-mEXTENSION | -mno-EXTENSION'

     Enable (or disable) a particular instruction set extension.

`-mCPU'

     Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular

     CPU, and disable all other extensions.

`-mMACHINE'

     Enable the instruction set extensions supported by a particular

     machine model, and disable all other extensions.

   The following options are available when as is configured for a

picoJava processor.

`-mb'

     Generate "big endian" format output.

`-ml'

     Generate "little endian" format output.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

Motorola 68HC11 or 68HC12 series.

`-m68hc11 | -m68hc12 | -m68hcs12'

     Specify what processor is the target.  The default is defined by

     the configuration option when building the assembler.

`-mshort'

     Specify to use the 16-bit integer ABI.

`-mlong'

     Specify to use the 32-bit integer ABI.

`-mshort-double'

     Specify to use the 32-bit double ABI.

`-mlong-double'

     Specify to use the 64-bit double ABI.

`--force-long-branches'

     Relative branches are turned into absolute ones. This concerns

     conditional branches, unconditional branches and branches to a sub

     routine.

`-S | --short-branches'

     Do not turn relative branches into absolute ones when the offset

     is out of range.

`--strict-direct-mode'

     Do not turn the direct addressing mode into extended addressing

     mode when the instruction does not support direct addressing mode.

`--print-insn-syntax'

     Print the syntax of instruction in case of error.

`--print-opcodes'

     print the list of instructions with syntax and then exit.

`--generate-example'

     print an example of instruction for each possible instruction and

     then exit.  This option is only useful for testing `as'.

   The following options are available when `as' is configured for the

SPARC architecture:

`-Av6 | -Av7 | -Av8 | -Asparclet | -Asparclite'

`-Av8plus | -Av8plusa | -Av9 | -Av9a'

     Explicitly select a variant of the SPARC architecture.

     `-Av8plus' and `-Av8plusa' select a 32 bit environment.  `-Av9'

     and `-Av9a' select a 64 bit environment.

     `-Av8plusa' and `-Av9a' enable the SPARC V9 instruction set with

     UltraSPARC extensions.

`-xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa'

     For compatibility with the Solaris v9 assembler.  These options are

     equivalent to -Av8plus and -Av8plusa, respectively.

`-bump'

     Warn when the assembler switches to another architecture.

   The following options are available when as is configured for the

'c54x architecture.

`-mfar-mode'

     Enable extended addressing mode.  All addresses and relocations

     will assume extended addressing (usually 23 bits).

`-mcpu=CPU_VERSION'

     Sets the CPU version being compiled for.

`-merrors-to-file FILENAME'

     Redirect error output to a file, for broken systems which don't

     support such behaviour in the shell.

   The following options are available when as is configured for a MIPS

processor.

`-G NUM'

     This option sets the largest size of an object that can be

     referenced implicitly with the `gp' register.  It is only accepted

     for targets that use ECOFF format, such as a DECstation running

     Ultrix.  The default value is 8.

`-EB'

     Generate "big endian" format output.

`-EL'

     Generate "little endian" format output.

`-mips1'

`-mips2'

`-mips3'

`-mips4'

`-mips5'

`-mips32'

`-mips32r2'

`-mips64'

`-mips64r2'

     Generate code for a particular MIPS Instruction Set Architecture

     level.  `-mips1' is an alias for `-march=r3000', `-mips2' is an

     alias for `-march=r6000', `-mips3' is an alias for `-march=r4000'

     and `-mips4' is an alias for `-march=r8000'.  `-mips5', `-mips32',

     `-mips32r2', `-mips64', and `-mips64r2' correspond to generic

     `MIPS V', `MIPS32', `MIPS32 Release 2', `MIPS64', and `MIPS64

     Release 2' ISA processors, respectively.

`-march=CPU'

     Generate code for a particular MIPS cpu.

`-mtune=CPU'

     Schedule and tune for a particular MIPS cpu.

`-mfix7000'

`-mno-fix7000'

     Cause nops to be inserted if the read of the destination register

     of an mfhi or mflo instruction occurs in the following two

     instructions.

`-mdebug'

`-no-mdebug'

     Cause stabs-style debugging output to go into an ECOFF-style

     .mdebug section instead of the standard ELF .stabs sections.

`-mpdr'

`-mno-pdr'

     Control generation of `.pdr' sections.

`-mgp32'

`-mfp32'

     The register sizes are normally inferred from the ISA and ABI, but

     these flags force a certain group of registers to be treated as 32

     bits wide at all times.  `-mgp32' controls the size of

     general-purpose registers and `-mfp32' controls the size of

     floating-point registers.

`-mips16'

`-no-mips16'

     Generate code for the MIPS 16 processor.  This is equivalent to

     putting `.set mips16' at the start of the assembly file.

     `-no-mips16' turns off this option.

`-msmartmips'

`-mno-smartmips'

     Enables the SmartMIPS extension to the MIPS32 instruction set.

     This is equivalent to putting `.set smartmips' at the start of the

     assembly file.  `-mno-smartmips' turns off this option.

`-mips3d'

`-no-mips3d'

     Generate code for the MIPS-3D Application Specific Extension.

     This tells the assembler to accept MIPS-3D instructions.

     `-no-mips3d' turns off this option.

`-mdmx'

`-no-mdmx'

     Generate code for the MDMX Application Specific Extension.  This

     tells the assembler to accept MDMX instructions.  `-no-mdmx' turns

     off this option.

`-mdsp'

`-mno-dsp'

     Generate code for the DSP Release 1 Application Specific Extension.

     This tells the assembler to accept DSP Release 1 instructions.

     `-mno-dsp' turns off this option.

`-mdspr2'

`-mno-dspr2'

     Generate code for the DSP Release 2 Application Specific Extension.

     This option implies -mdsp.  This tells the assembler to accept DSP

     Release 2 instructions.  `-mno-dspr2' turns off this option.

`-mmt'

`-mno-mt'

     Generate code for the MT Application Specific Extension.  This

     tells the assembler to accept MT instructions.  `-mno-mt' turns

     off this option.

`--construct-floats'

`--no-construct-floats'

     The `--no-construct-floats' option disables the construction of

     double width floating point constants by loading the two halves of

     the value into the two single width floating point registers that

     make up the double width register.  By default

     `--construct-floats' is selected, allowing construction of these

     floating point constants.

`--emulation=NAME'

     This option causes `as' to emulate `as' configured for some other

     target, in all respects, including output format (choosing between

     ELF and ECOFF only), handling of pseudo-opcodes which may generate

     debugging information or store symbol table information, and

     default endianness.  The available configuration names are:

     `mipsecoff', `mipself', `mipslecoff', `mipsbecoff', `mipslelf',

     `mipsbelf'.  The first two do not alter the default endianness

     from that of the primary target for which the assembler was

     configured; the others change the default to little- or big-endian

     as indicated by the `b' or `l' in the name.  Using `-EB' or `-EL'

     will override the endianness selection in any case.

     This option is currently supported only when the primary target

     `as' is configured for is a MIPS ELF or ECOFF target.

     Furthermore, the primary target or others specified with

     `--enable-targets=...' at configuration time must include support

     for the other format, if both are to be available.  For example,

     the Irix 5 configuration includes support for both.

     Eventually, this option will support more configurations, with more

     fine-grained control over the assembler's behavior, and will be

     supported for more processors.

`-nocpp'

     `as' ignores this option.  It is accepted for compatibility with

     the native tools.

`--trap'

`--no-trap'

`--break'

`--no-break'

     Control how to deal with multiplication overflow and division by

     zero.  `--trap' or `--no-break' (which are synonyms) take a trap

     exception (and only work for Instruction Set Architecture level 2

     and higher); `--break' or `--no-trap' (also synonyms, and the

     default) take a break exception.

`-n'

     When this option is used, `as' will issue a warning every time it

     generates a nop instruction from a macro.

   The following options are available when as is configured for an

MCore processor.

`-jsri2bsr'

`-nojsri2bsr'

     Enable or disable the JSRI to BSR transformation.  By default this

     is enabled.  The command line option `-nojsri2bsr' can be used to

     disable it.

`-sifilter'

`-nosifilter'

     Enable or disable the silicon filter behaviour.  By default this

     is disabled.  The default can be overridden by the `-sifilter'

     command line option.

`-relax'

     Alter jump instructions for long displacements.

`-mcpu=[210|340]'

     Select the cpu type on the target hardware.  This controls which

     instructions can be assembled.

`-EB'

     Assemble for a big endian target.

`-EL'

     Assemble for a little endian target.

   See the info pages for documentation of the MMIX-specific options.

   The following options are available when as is configured for an

Xtensa processor.

`--text-section-literals | --no-text-section-literals'

     With `--text-section-literals', literal pools are interspersed in

     the text section.  The default is `--no-text-section-literals',

     which places literals in a separate section in the output file.

     These options only affect literals referenced via PC-relative

     `L32R' instructions; literals for absolute mode `L32R'

     instructions are handled separately.

`--absolute-literals | --no-absolute-literals'

     Indicate to the assembler whether `L32R' instructions use absolute

     or PC-relative addressing.  The default is to assume absolute

     addressing if the Xtensa processor includes the absolute `L32R'

     addressing option.  Otherwise, only the PC-relative `L32R' mode

     can be used.

`--target-align | --no-target-align'

     Enable or disable automatic alignment to reduce branch penalties

     at the expense of some code density.  The default is

     `--target-align'.

`--longcalls | --no-longcalls'

     Enable or disable transformation of call instructions to allow

     calls across a greater range of addresses.  The default is

     `--no-longcalls'.

`--transform | --no-transform'

     Enable or disable all assembler transformations of Xtensa

     instructions.  The default is `--transform'; `--no-transform'

     should be used only in the rare cases when the instructions must

     be exactly as specified in the assembly source.

`--rename-section OLDNAME=NEWNAME'

     When generating output sections, rename the OLDNAME section to

     NEWNAME.

   The following options are available when as is configured for a Z80

family processor.

`-z80'

     Assemble for Z80 processor.

`-r800'

     Assemble for R800 processor.

`-ignore-undocumented-instructions'

`-Wnud'

     Assemble undocumented Z80 instructions that also work on R800

     without warning.

`-ignore-unportable-instructions'

`-Wnup'

     Assemble all undocumented Z80 instructions without warning.

`-warn-undocumented-instructions'

`-Wud'

     Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that also work

     on R800.

`-warn-unportable-instructions'

`-Wup'

     Issue a warning for undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work

     on R800.

`-forbid-undocumented-instructions'

`-Fud'

     Treat all undocumented instructions as errors.

`-forbid-unportable-instructions'

`-Fup'

     Treat undocumented Z80 instructions that do not work on R800 as

     errors.

* Menu:

* Manual::                      Structure of this Manual

* GNU Assembler::               The GNU Assembler

* Object Formats::              Object File Formats

* Command Line::                Command Line

* Input Files::                 Input Files

* Object::                      Output (Object) File

* Errors::                      Error and Warning Messages