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    Index of Documentation for People Interested in Writing and/or

                   Understanding the Linux Kernel.

          Juan-Mariano de Goyeneche 

/*

 * The latest version of this document may be found at:

 *   http://www.dit.upm.es/~jmseyas/linux/kernel/hackers-docs.html

 */

   The need for a document like this one became apparent in the

   linux-kernel mailing list as the same questions, asking for pointers

   to information, appeared again and again.

   Fortunately, as more and more people get to GNU/Linux, more and more

   get interested in the Kernel. But reading the sources is not always

   enough. It is easy to understand the code, but miss the concepts, the

   philosophy and design decisions behind this code.

   Unfortunately, not many documents are available for beginners to

   start. And, even if they exist, there was no "well-known" place which

   kept track of them. These lines try to cover this lack. All documents

   available on line known by the author are listed, while some reference

   books are also mentioned.

   PLEASE, if you know any paper not listed here or write a new document,

   send me an e-mail, and I'll include a reference to it here. Any

   corrections, ideas or comments are also welcomed.

   The papers that follow are listed in no particular order. All are

   cataloged with the following fields: the document's "Title", the

   "Author"/s, the "URL" where they can be found, some "Keywords" helpful

   when searching for specific topics, and a brief "Description" of the

   Document.

   Enjoy!

     ON-LINE DOCS:

     * Title: "Linux Device Drivers, Third Edition"

       Author: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, Greg Kroah-Hartman

       URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/

       Description: A 600-page book covering the (2.6.10) driver

       programming API and kernel hacking in general.  Available under the

       Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 license.

     * Title: "The Linux Kernel"

       Author: David A. Rusling.

       URL: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/tlk.html

       Keywords: everything!, book.

       Description: On line, 200 pages book describing most aspects of

       the Linux Kernel. Probably, the first reference for beginners.

       Lots of illustrations explaining data structures use and

       relationships in the purest Richard W. Stevens' style. Contents:

       "1.-Hardware Basics, 2.-Software Basics, 3.-Memory Management,

       4.-Processes, 5.-Interprocess Communication Mechanisms, 6.-PCI,

       7.-Interrupts and Interrupt Handling, 8.-Device Drivers, 9.-The

       File system, 10.-Networks, 11.-Kernel Mechanisms, 12.-Modules,

       13.-The Linux Kernel Sources, A.-Linux Data Structures, B.-The

       Alpha AXP Processor, C.-Useful Web and FTP Sites, D.-The GNU

       General Public License, Glossary". In short: a must have.

     * Title: "Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet.

       URL: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/index.html

       Keywords: device drivers, modules, debugging, memory, hardware,

       interrupt handling, char drivers, block drivers, kmod, mmap, DMA,

       buses.

       Description: O'Reilly's popular book, now also on-line under the

       GNU Free Documentation License.

       Notes: You can also buy it in paper-form from O'Reilly. See below

       under BOOKS (Not on-line).

     * Title: "Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel"

       Author: Ivan T. Bowman.

       URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/CS746G-a1.html

       Keywords: conceptual software architecture, extracted design,

       reverse engineering, system structure.

       Description: Conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel,

       automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good

       figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding.

     * Title: "Concrete Architecture of the Linux Kernel"

       Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Saheem Siddiqi, and Meyer C. Tanuan.

       URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/CS746G-a2.html

       Keywords: concrete architecture, extracted design, reverse

       engineering, system structure, dependencies.

       Description: Concrete architecture of the Linux kernel,

       automatically extracted from the source code. Very detailed. Good

       figures. Gives good overall kernel understanding. This papers

       focus on lower details than its predecessor (files, variables...).

     * Title: "Linux as a Case Study: Its Extracted Software

       Architecture"

       Author: Ivan T. Bowman, Richard C. Holt and Neil V. Brewster.

       URL: http://plg.uwaterloo.ca/~itbowman/papers/linuxcase.html

       Keywords: software architecture, architecture recovery,

       redocumentation.

       Description: Paper appeared at ICSE'99, Los Angeles, May 16-22,

       1999. A mixture of the previous two documents from the same

       author.

     * Title: "Overview of the Virtual File System"

       Author: Richard Gooch.

       URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/vfs.txt

       Keywords: VFS, File System, mounting filesystems, opening files,

       dentries, dcache.

       Description: Brief introduction to the Linux Virtual File System.

       What is it, how it works, operations taken when opening a file or

       mounting a file system and description of important data

       structures explaining the purpose of each of their entries.

     * Title: "The Linux RAID-1, 4, 5 Code"

       Author: Ingo Molnar, Gadi Oxman and Miguel de Icaza.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=2391

       Keywords: RAID, MD driver.

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's

       abstract: "A description of the implementation of the RAID-1,

       RAID-4 and RAID-5 personalities of the MD device driver in the

       Linux kernel, providing users with high performance and reliable,

       secondary-storage capability using software".

     * Title: "Dynamic Kernels: Modularized Device Drivers"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1219

       Keywords: device driver, module, loading/unloading modules,

       allocating resources.

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's

       abstract: "This is the first of a series of four articles

       co-authored by Alessandro Rubini and Georg Zezchwitz which present

       a practical approach to writing Linux device drivers as kernel

       loadable modules. This installment presents an introduction to the

       topic, preparing the reader to understand next month's

       installment".

     * Title: "Dynamic Kernels: Discovery"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1220

       Keywords: character driver, init_module, clean_up module,

       autodetection, mayor number, minor number, file operations,

       open(), close().

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's

       abstract: "This article, the second of four, introduces part of

       the actual code to create custom module implementing a character

       device driver. It describes the code for module initialization and

       cleanup, as well as the open() and close() system calls".

     * Title: "The Devil's in the Details"

       Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz and Alessandro Rubini.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1221

       Keywords: read(), write(), select(), ioctl(), blocking/non

       blocking mode, interrupt handler.

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's

       abstract: "This article, the third of four on writing character

       device drivers, introduces concepts of reading, writing, and using

       ioctl-calls".

     * Title: "Dissecting Interrupts and Browsing DMA"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini and Georg v. Zezschwitz.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1222

       Keywords: interrupts, irqs, DMA, bottom halves, task queues.

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner article. Here is it's

       abstract: "This is the fourth in a series of articles about

       writing character device drivers as loadable kernel modules. This

       month, we further investigate the field of interrupt handling.

       Though it is conceptually simple, practical limitations and

       constraints make this an ``interesting'' part of device driver

       writing, and several different facilities have been provided for

       different situations. We also investigate the complex topic of

       DMA".

     * Title: "Device Drivers Concluded"

       Author: Georg v. Zezschwitz.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1287

       Keywords: address spaces, pages, pagination, page management,

       demand loading, swapping, memory protection, memory mapping, mmap,

       virtual memory areas (VMAs), vremap, PCI.

       Description: Finally, the above turned out into a five articles

       series. This latest one's introduction reads: "This is the last of

       five articles about character device drivers. In this final

       section, Georg deals with memory mapping devices, beginning with

       an overall description of the Linux memory management concepts".

     * Title: "Network Buffers And Memory Management"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=1312

       Keywords: sk_buffs, network devices, protocol/link layer

       variables, network devices flags, transmit, receive,

       configuration, multicast.

       Description: Linux Journal Kernel Korner. Here is the abstract:

       "Writing a network device driver for Linux is fundamentally

       simple---most of the complexity (other than talking to the

       hardware) involves managing network packets in memory".

     * Title: "Writing Linux Device Drivers"

       Author: Michael K. Johnson.

       URL: http://users.evitech.fi/~tk/rtos/writing_linux_device_d.html

       Keywords: files, VFS, file operations, kernel interface, character

       vs block devices, I/O access, hardware interrupts, DMA, access to

       user memory, memory allocation, timers.

       Description: Introductory 50-minutes (sic) tutorial on writing

       device drivers. 12 pages written by the same author of the "Kernel

       Hackers' Guide" which give a very good overview of the topic.

     * Title: "The Venus kernel interface"

       Author: Peter J. Braam.

       URL:

       http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/html/kernel-venus-protocol.html

       Keywords: coda, filesystem, venus, cache manager.

       Description: "This document describes the communication between

       Venus and kernel level file system code needed for the operation

       of the Coda filesystem. This version document is meant to describe

       the current interface (version 1.0) as well as improvements we

       envisage".

     * Title: "Programming PCI-Devices under Linux"

       Author: Claus Schroeter.

       URL:

       ftp://ftp.llp.fu-berlin.de/pub/linux/LINUX-LAB/whitepapers/pcip.ps.gz

       Keywords: PCI, device, busmastering.

       Description: 6 pages tutorial on PCI programming under Linux.

       Gives the basic concepts on the architecture of the PCI subsystem,

       as long as basic functions and macros to read/write the devices

       and perform busmastering.

     * Title: "Writing Character Device Driver for Linux"

       Author: R. Baruch and C. Schroeter.

       URL:

       ftp://ftp.llp.fu-berlin.de/pub/linux/LINUX-LAB/whitepapers/drivers.ps.gz

       Keywords: character device drivers, I/O, signals, DMA, accessing

       ports in user space, kernel environment.

       Description: 68 pages paper on writing character drivers. A little

       bit old (1.993, 1.994) although still useful.

     * Title: "Design and Implementation of the Second Extended

       Filesystem"

       Author: Rémy Card, Theodore Ts'o, Stephen Tweedie.

       URL: http://web.mit.edu/tytso/www/linux/ext2intro.html

       Keywords: ext2, linux fs history, inode, directory, link, devices,

       VFS, physical structure, performance, benchmarks, ext2fs library,

       ext2fs tools, e2fsck.

       Description: Paper written by three of the top ext2 hackers.

       Covers Linux filesystems history, ext2 motivation, ext2 features,

       design, physical structure on disk, performance, benchmarks,

       e2fsck's passes description... A must read!

       Notes: This paper was first published in the Proceedings of the

       First Dutch International Symposium on Linux, ISBN 90-367-0385-9.

     * Title: "Analysis of the Ext2fs structure"

       Author: Louis-Dominique Dubeau.

       URL: http://www.nondot.org/sabre/os/files/FileSystems/ext2fs/

       Keywords: ext2, filesystem, ext2fs.

       Description: Description of ext2's blocks, directories, inodes,

       bitmaps, invariants...

     * Title: "Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem"

       Author: Stephen C. Tweedie.

       URL:

       ftp://ftp.uk.linux.org/pub/linux/sct/fs/jfs/journal-design.ps.gz

       Keywords: ext3, journaling.

       Description: Excellent 8-pages paper explaining the journaling

       capabilities added to ext2 by the author, showing different

       problems faced and the alternatives chosen.

     * Title: "Kernel API changes from 2.0 to 2.2"

       Author: Richard Gooch.

       URL:

       http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.2.html

       Keywords: 2.2, changes.

       Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed

       from 2.0.x to 2.2.x.

     * Title: "Kernel API changes from 2.2 to 2.4"

       Author: Richard Gooch.

       URL:

       http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/porting-to-2.4.html

       Keywords: 2.4, changes.

       Description: Kernel functions/structures/variables which changed

       from 2.2.x to 2.4.x.

     * Title: "Linux Kernel Module Programming Guide"

       Author: Ori Pomerantz.

       URL: http://tldp.org/LDP/lkmpg/2.6/html/index.html

       Keywords: modules, GPL book, /proc, ioctls, system calls,

       interrupt handlers .

       Description: Very nice 92 pages GPL book on the topic of modules

       programming. Lots of examples.

     * Title: "I/O Event Handling Under Linux"

       Author: Richard Gooch.

       URL: http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/io-events.html

       Keywords: IO, I/O, select(2), poll(2), FDs, aio_read(2), readiness

       event queues.

       Description: From the Introduction: "I/O Event handling is about

       how your Operating System allows you to manage a large number of

       open files (file descriptors in UNIX/POSIX, or FDs) in your

       application. You want the OS to notify you when FDs become active

       (have data ready to be read or are ready for writing). Ideally you

       want a mechanism that is scalable. This means a large number of

       inactive FDs cost very little in memory and CPU time to manage".

     * Title: "The Kernel Hacking HOWTO"

       Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.

       Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-hacking/

       (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})

       Keywords: HOWTO, kernel contexts, deadlock, locking, modules,

       symbols, return conventions.

       Description: From the Introduction: "Please understand that I

       never wanted to write this document, being grossly underqualified,

       but I always wanted to read it, and this was the only way. I

       simply explain some best practices, and give reading entry-points

       into the kernel sources. I avoid implementation details: that's

       what the code is for, and I ignore whole tracts of useful

       routines. This document assumes familiarity with C, and an

       understanding of what the kernel is, and how it is used. It was

       originally written for the 2.3 kernels, but nearly all of it

       applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly different".

     * Title: "Writing an ALSA Driver"

       Author: Takashi Iwai 

       URL: http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/index.html

       Keywords: ALSA, sound, soundcard, driver, lowlevel, hardware.

       Description: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture for developers,

       both at kernel and user-level sides. ALSA is the Linux kernel

       sound architecture in the 2.6 kernel version.

     * Title: "Programming Guide for Linux USB Device Drivers"

       Author: Detlef Fliegl.

       URL: http://usb.in.tum.de/usbdoc/

       Keywords: USB, universal serial bus.

       Description: A must-read. From the Preface: "This document should

       give detailed information about the current state of the USB

       subsystem and its API for USB device drivers. The first section

       will deal with the basics of USB devices. You will learn about

       different types of devices and their properties. Going into detail

       you will see how USB devices communicate on the bus. The second

       section gives an overview of the Linux USB subsystem [2] and the

       device driver framework. Then the API and its data structures will

       be explained step by step. The last section of this document

       contains a reference of all API calls and their return codes".

       Notes: Beware: the main page states: "This document may not be

       published, printed or used in excerpts without explicit permission

       of the author". Fortunately, it may still be read...

     * Title: "Linux Kernel Mailing List Glossary"

       Author: various

       URL: http://kernelnewbies.org/glossary/

       Keywords: glossary, terms, linux-kernel.

       Description: From the introduction: "This glossary is intended as

       a brief description of some of the acronyms and terms you may hear

       during discussion of the Linux kernel".

     * Title: "Linux Kernel Locking HOWTO"

       Author: Various Talented People, and Rusty.

       Location: in kernel tree, Documentation/DocBook/kernel-locking/

       (must be built as "make {htmldocs | psdocs | pdfdocs})

       Keywords: locks, locking, spinlock, semaphore, atomic, race

       condition, bottom halves, tasklets, softirqs.

       Description: The title says it all: document describing the

       locking system in the Linux Kernel either in uniprocessor or SMP

       systems.

       Notes: "It was originally written for the later (>2.3.47) 2.3

       kernels, but most of it applies to 2.2 too; 2.0 is slightly

       different". Freely redistributable under the conditions of the GNU

       General Public License.

     * Title: "Global spinlock list and usage"

       Author: Rick Lindsley.

       URL: http://lse.sourceforge.net/lockhier/global-spin-lock

       Keywords: spinlock.

       Description: This is an attempt to document both the existence and

       usage of the spinlocks in the Linux 2.4.5 kernel. Comprehensive

       list of spinlocks showing when they are used, which functions

       access them, how each lock is acquired, under what conditions it

       is held, whether interrupts can occur or not while it is held...

     * Title: "Porting Linux 2.0 Drivers To Linux 2.2: Changes and New

       Features "

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-05/gear_01.html

       Keywords: ports, porting.

       Description: Article from Linux Magazine on porting from 2.0 to

       2.2 kernels.

     * Title: "Porting Device Drivers To Linux 2.2: part II"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-06/gear_01.html

       Keywords: ports, porting.

       Description: Second part on porting from 2.0 to 2.2 kernels.

     * Title: "How To Make Sure Your Driver Will Work On The Power

       Macintosh"

       Author: Paul Mackerras.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-07/gear_01.html

       Keywords: Mac, Power Macintosh, porting, drivers, compatibility.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "An Introduction to SCSI Drivers"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-08/gear_01.html

       Keywords: SCSI, device, driver.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "Advanced SCSI Drivers And Other Tales"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/gear_01.html

       Keywords: SCSI, device, driver, advanced.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "Writing Linux Mouse Drivers"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-10/gear_01.html

       Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "More on Mouse Drivers"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-11/gear_01.html

       Keywords: mouse, driver, gpm, races, asynchronous I/O.

       Description: The title still says it all.

     * Title: "Writing Video4linux Radio Driver"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-12/gear_01.html

       Keywords: video4linux, driver, radio, radio devices.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "Video4linux Drivers, Part 1: Video-Capture Device"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-01/gear_01.html

       Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,

       camera driver.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "Video4linux Drivers, Part 2: Video-capture Devices"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-02/gear_01.html

       Keywords: video4linux, driver, video capture, capture devices,

       camera driver, control, query capabilities, capability, facility.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "PCI Management in Linux 2.2"

       Author: Alan Cox.

       URL: http://www.linux-mag.com/2000-03/gear_01.html

       Keywords: PCI, bus, bus-mastering.

       Description: The title says it all.

     * Title: "Linux 2.4 Kernel Internals"

       Author: Tigran Aivazian and Christoph Hellwig.

       URL: http://www.moses.uklinux.net/patches/lki.html

       Keywords: Linux, kernel, booting, SMB boot, VFS, page cache.

       Description: A little book used for a short training course.

       Covers building the kernel image, booting (including SMP bootup),

       process management, VFS and more.

     * Title: "Linux IP Networking. A Guide to the Implementation and

       Modification of the Linux Protocol Stack."

       Author: Glenn Herrin.

       URL: http://www.cs.unh.edu/cnrg/gherrin

       Keywords: network, networking, protocol, IP, UDP, TCP, connection,

       socket, receiving, transmitting, forwarding, routing, packets,

       modules, /proc, sk_buff, FIB, tags.

       Description: Excellent paper devoted to the Linux IP Networking,

       explaining anything from the kernel's to the user space

       configuration tools' code. Very good to get a general overview of

       the kernel networking implementation and understand all steps

       packets follow from the time they are received at the network

       device till they are delivered to applications. The studied kernel

       code is from 2.2.14 version. Provides code for a working packet

       dropper example.

     * Title: "Get those boards talking under Linux."

       Author: Alex Ivchenko.

       URL: http://www.edn.com/article/CA46968.html

       Keywords: data-acquisition boards, drivers, modules, interrupts,

       memory allocation.

       Description: Article written for people wishing to make their data

       acquisition boards work on their GNU/Linux machines. Gives a basic

       overview on writing drivers, from the naming of functions to

       interrupt handling.

       Notes: Two-parts article. Part II is at

       URL: http://www.edn.com/article/CA46998.html

     * Title: "Linux PCMCIA Programmer's Guide"

       Author: David Hinds.

       URL: http://pcmcia-cs.sourceforge.net/ftp/doc/PCMCIA-PROG.html

       Keywords: PCMCIA.

       Description: "This document describes how to write kernel device

       drivers for the Linux PCMCIA Card Services interface. It also

       describes how to write user-mode utilities for communicating with

       Card Services.

     * Title: "The Linux Kernel NFSD Implementation"

       Author: Neil Brown.

       URL:

       http://www.cse.unsw.edu.au/~neilb/oss/linux-commentary/nfsd.html

       Keywords: knfsd, nfsd, NFS, RPC, lockd, mountd, statd.

       Description: The title says it all.

       Notes: Covers knfsd's version 1.4.7 (patch against 2.2.7 kernel).

     * Title: "A Linux vm README"

       Author: Kanoj Sarcar.

       URL: http://reality.sgi.com/kanoj_engr/vm229.html

       Keywords: virtual memory, mm, pgd, vma, page, page flags, page

       cache, swap cache, kswapd.

       Description: Telegraphic, short descriptions and definitions

       relating the Linux virtual memory implementation.

     * Title: "(nearly) Complete Linux Loadable Kernel Modules. The

       definitive guide for hackers, virus coders and system

       administrators."

       Author: pragmatic/THC.

       URL: http://packetstormsecurity.org/docs/hack/LKM_HACKING.html

       Keywords: syscalls, intercept, hide, abuse, symbol table.

       Description: Interesting paper on how to abuse the Linux kernel in

       order to intercept and modify syscalls, make

       files/directories/processes invisible, become root, hijack ttys,

       write kernel modules based virus... and solutions for admins to

       avoid all those abuses.

       Notes: For 2.0.x kernels. Gives guidances to port it to 2.2.x

       kernels.

     BOOKS: (Not on-line)

     * Title: "Linux Device Drivers"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini.

       Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.

       Date: 1998.

       Pages: 439.

       ISBN: 1-56592-292-1

     * Title: "Linux Device Drivers, 2nd Edition"

       Author: Alessandro Rubini and Jonathan Corbet.

       Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.

       Date: 2001.

       Pages: 586.

       ISBN: 0-59600-008-1

       Notes: Further information in

       http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive2/

     * Title: "Linux Device Drivers, 3nd Edition"

       Authors: Jonathan Corbet, Alessandro Rubini, and Greg Kroah-Hartman

       Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates.

       Date: 2005.

       Pages: 636.

       ISBN: 0-596-00590-3

       Notes: Further information in

       http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/linuxdrive3/

       PDF format, URL: http://lwn.net/Kernel/LDD3/

     * Title: "Linux Kernel Internals"

       Author: Michael Beck.

       Publisher: Addison-Wesley.

       Date: 1997.

       ISBN: 0-201-33143-8 (second edition)

     * Title: "The Design of the UNIX Operating System"

       Author: Maurice J. Bach.

       Publisher: Prentice Hall.

       Date: 1986.

       Pages: 471.

       ISBN: 0-13-201757-1

     * Title: "The Design and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX

       Operating System"

       Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J.

       Karels, John S. Quarterman.

       Publisher: Addison-Wesley.

       Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990).

       ISBN: 0-201-06196-1

     * Title: "The Design and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX

       Operating System"

       Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,

       John S. Quarterman.

       Publisher: Addison-Wesley.

       Date: 1996.

       ISBN: 0-201-54979-4

     * Title: "Programmation Linux 2.0 API systeme et fonctionnement du

       noyau"

       Author: Remy Card, Eric Dumas, Franck Mevel.

       Publisher: Eyrolles.

       Date: 1997.

       Pages: 520.

       ISBN: 2-212-08932-5

       Notes: French.

     * Title: "Unix internals -- the new frontiers"

       Author: Uresh Vahalia.

       Publisher: Prentice Hall.

       Date: 1996.

       Pages: 600.

       ISBN: 0-13-101908-2

     * Title:  "The  Design  and Implementation of the 4.4 BSD UNIX

       Operating System"

       Author: Marshall Kirk McKusick, Keith Bostic, Michael J. Karels,

       John S. Quarterman.

       Publisher: Addison-Wesley.

       Date: 1996.

       ISBN: 0-201-54979-4

     * Title: "Programming for the real world - POSIX.4"

       Author: Bill O. Gallmeister.

       Publisher: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc..

       Date: 1995.

       Pages: ???.

       ISBN: I-56592-074-0

       Notes: Though not being directly about Linux, Linux aims to be

       POSIX. Good reference.

     * Title:  "UNIX  Systems  for  Modern Architectures: Symmetric

       Multiprocesssing and Caching for Kernel Programmers"

       Author: Curt Schimmel.

       Publisher: Addison Wesley.

       Date: June, 1994.

       Pages: 432.

       ISBN: 0-201-63338-8

     * Title:  "The  Design  and Implementation of the 4.3 BSD UNIX

       Operating System"

       Author: Samuel J. Leffler, Marshall Kirk McKusick, Michael J.

       Karels, John S. Quarterman.

       Publisher: Addison-Wesley.

       Date: 1989 (reprinted with corrections on October, 1990).

       ISBN: 0-201-06196-1

     * Title: "The Design of the UNIX Operating System"

       Author: Maurice J. Bach.

       Publisher: Prentice Hall.

       Date: 1986.

       Pages: 471.

       ISBN: 0-13-201757-1

     MISCELLANEOUS:

     * Name: linux/Documentation

       Author: Many.

       URL: Just look inside your kernel sources.

       Keywords: anything, DocBook.

       Description: Documentation that comes with the kernel sources,

       inside the Documentation directory. Some pages from this document

       (including this document itself) have been moved there, and might

       be more up to date than the web version.

     * Name: "Linux Source Driver"

       URL: http://lsd.linux.cz

       Keywords: Browsing source code.

       Description: "Linux Source Driver (LSD) is an application, which

       can make browsing source codes of Linux kernel easier than you can

       imagine. You can select between multiple versions of kernel (e.g.

       0.01, 1.0.0, 2.0.33, 2.0.34pre13, 2.0.0, 2.1.101 etc.). With LSD

       you can search Linux kernel (fulltext, macros, types, functions

       and variables) and LSD can generate patches for you on the fly

       (files, directories or kernel)".

     * Name: "Linux Kernel Source Reference"

       Author: Thomas Graichen.

       URL: http://innominate.org/~graichen/projects/lksr/

       Keywords: CVS, web, cvsweb, browsing source code.

       Description: Web interface to a CVS server with the kernel

       sources. "Here you can have a look at any file of the Linux kernel

       sources of any version starting from 1.0 up to the (daily updated)

       current version available. Also you can check the differences

       between two versions of a file".

     * Name: "Cross-Referencing Linux"

       URL: http://lxr.linux.no/source/

       Keywords: Browsing source code.

       Description: Another web-based Linux kernel source code browser.

       Lots of cross references to variables and functions. You can see

       where they are defined and where they are used.

     * Name: "Linux Weekly News"

       URL: http://lwn.net

       Keywords: latest kernel news.

       Description: The title says it all. There's a fixed kernel section

       summarizing developers' work, bug fixes, new features and versions

       produced during the week. Published every Thursday.

     * Name: "Kernel Traffic"

       URL: http://kt.zork.net/kernel-traffic/

       Keywords: linux-kernel mailing list, weekly kernel news.

       Description: Weekly newsletter covering the most relevant

       discussions of the linux-kernel mailing list.

     * Name: "CuTTiNG.eDGe.LiNuX"

       URL: http://edge.kernelnotes.org

       Keywords: changelist.

       Description: Site which provides the changelist for every kernel

       release. What's new, what's better, what's changed. Myrdraal reads

       the patches and describes them. Pointers to the patches are there,

       too.

     * Name: "New linux-kernel Mailing List FAQ"

       URL: http://www.tux.org/lkml/

       Keywords: linux-kernel mailing list FAQ.

       Description: linux-kernel is a mailing list for developers to

       communicate. This FAQ builds on the previous linux-kernel mailing

       list FAQ maintained by Frohwalt Egerer, who no longer maintains

       it. Read it to see how to join the mailing list. Dozens of

       interesting questions regarding the list, Linux, developers (who

       is ...?), terms (what is...?) are answered here too. Just read it.

     * Name: "Linux Virtual File System"

       Author: Peter J. Braam.

       URL: http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu/doc/talks/linuxvfs/

       Keywords: slides, VFS, inode, superblock, dentry, dcache.

       Description: Set of slides, presumably from a presentation on the

       Linux VFS layer. Covers version 2.1.x, with dentries and the

       dcache.

     * Name: "Gary's Encyclopedia - The Linux Kernel"

       Author: Gary (I suppose...).

       URL: http://www.lisoleg.net/cgi-bin/lisoleg.pl?view=kernel.htm

       Keywords: links, not found here?.

       Description: Gary's Encyclopedia exists to allow the rapid finding

       of documentation and other information of interest to GNU/Linux

       users. It has about 4000 links to external pages in 150 major

       categories. This link is for kernel-specific links, documents,

       sites... Look there if you could not find here what you were

       looking for.

     * Name: "The home page of Linux-MM"

       Author: The Linux-MM team.

       URL: http://linux-mm.org/

       Keywords: memory management, Linux-MM, mm patches, TODO, docs,

       mailing list.

       Description: Site devoted to Linux Memory Management development.

       Memory related patches, HOWTOs, links, mm developers... Don't miss

       it if you are interested in memory management development!

     * Name: "Kernel Newbies IRC Channel"

       URL: http://www.kernelnewbies.org

       Keywords: IRC, newbies, channel, asking doubts.

       Description: #kernelnewbies on irc.openprojects.net. From the web

       page: "#kernelnewbies is an IRC network dedicated to the 'newbie'

       kernel hacker. The audience mostly consists of people who are

       learning about the kernel, working on kernel projects or

       professional kernel hackers that want to help less seasoned kernel

       people. [...] #kernelnewbies is on the Open Projects IRC Network,

       try irc.openprojects.net or irc..openprojects.net as your

       server and then /join #kernelnewbies". It also hosts articles,

       documents, FAQs...

     * Name: "linux-kernel mailing list archives and search engines"

       URL: http://vger.kernel.org/vger-lists.html

       URL: http://www.uwsg.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/index.html

       URL: http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel

       URL: http://groups.google.com/group/mlist.linux.kernel

       URL: http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/linux/linux-kernel/

       URL: http://www.lib.uaa.alaska.edu/linux-kernel/

       Keywords: linux-kernel, archives, search.

       Description: Some of the linux-kernel mailing list archivers. If

       you have a better/another one, please let me know.

     _________________________________________________________________

   Document last updated on Sat 2005-NOV-19