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# $Id: w11a_os_guide.txt 511 2013-04-27 13:51:46Z mueller $

Guide to run operating system images on w11a systems

  Table of content:

    1. I/O emulation setup

    2. FPGA Board setup

    3. Unix V5 system

    4. 2.11BSD system

1. I/O emulation setup ----------------------------------------------------

   All UNIBUS peripherals which exchange data (currently DL11, LP11, PC11, RK11)

   are currently emulated via a backend process. The communication between

   FPGA board and backend server can be via

   - Serial port

     - via direct (/dev/ttySx) or via a USB-RS232 adapter. A direct connection

       is limited to 115k Baud on most PCs, while a connection via a USB-RS232

       adapter was tested up to 460k Baud. A USB-RS232 adapter is thus highly

       recommended

     - via integrated USB-RS232 adapter, like on nexys3 board. This is much

       faster, allows bitrates up to 2 M Baud.

     Notes: - A USB-RS232 cable with a Prolific Technology PL2303 chip simply

              never gave reliable connections for higher Baud rates.

            - A USB-RS232 cable with a FTDI FT232R chip, like the cable offered

              by FTDI as US232R-100 worked fine.

            - On older linux kernels (prior 2.6.32) it is essential to set the

              latency timer for the FTDI USB-RS232 cable to 1 ms (from the

              power up default of 16 ms), e.g. with

                sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1

              For linux kernel 2.6.32 or newer the default is 1 ms already.

            - The rest assumes that a USB-RS232 cable with FTDI chip is used

            - A 460k Baud connection gives in practice a disk throughput of

              about 20 kB/s. This allows to test the system but is a bit slow

              to real usage.  In an OS with good disk caching like 2.11BSD the

              impact of such a 'slow disk' is actually smaller than the bare

              numbers suggest.

   - Direct USB connection using a Cypress FX2 USB controller

     - is supported on the nexys2 and nexys3 FPGA boards

     - clearly much faster than serial port connections

     - also allows to configure the FPGA over the same USB connection

2. FPGA Board setup -------------------------------------------------------

   - Using serial port

     - for s3board and nexys2

       - connect the USB-RS232 cable to the RS232 port of the s3board or nexys2

       - for kernel < 2.6.32: set the latency timer of the USB-RS232, e.g. with

           sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1

       - ensure that all 8 switches are in the indicated positions (SWI=...)

       - load the w11a design into the FPGA, e.g. via impact

     - for nexys3

       - connect USB cable to the 'usb uart' port (next to the 5 buttons)

       - ensure that all 8 switches are in the indicated positions (SWI=...)

       - load the w11a design into the FPGA, e.g. via impact

   - Using Cypress FX2 USB controller

     - for nexys2

       - connect USB cable to mini-USB connector (between RS232 and PS/2 port)

         ! Must be connected to a USB port able to deliver 500 mA !

3. Unix V5 system ---------------------------------------------------------

   - A disk set is available from

       http://www.retro11.de/data/oc_w11/unix_v5_rkset.tgz

     Download, unpack and copy the disk images (*.dsk) to

       $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

   - Using old (pi_rri) backend server (serial port only)

       cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

       telnet_starter -d DL0 &

     [for s3,n2:]

       SWI = 00000010

       dorri -u0,460,1,2   @uv5_boot.pcmd

     [for n3:]

       SWI = 00000010

       dorri -u0,2000,1,2  @uv5_boot.pcmd

   - Using new (ti_rri) backend server (serial and fx2 supported)

       cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

       telnet_starter -d DL0 &

     [for s3,n2 over serial:]

       SWI = 00000010

       torri -tu0,460k,break,xon   @uv5_boot.tcl

     [for n3 over serial:]

       SWI = 00000010

       torri -tu0,2M,break,xon     @uv5_boot.tcl

     [for n2,n3 over fx2:]

       SWI = 00000100

       torri -u     @uv5_boot.tcl

   - the boot dialog in the console xterm window will look like

     (required input is in {..}, with {} denoting a carriage return:

       @{unix}

       login: {root}

     Now you are at the shell prompt and can excercise the system, e.g.

       # {ls -al}

       total 62

       drwxr-xr-x  9 bin       160 Jan 29 16:14 .

       drwxr-xr-x  9 bin       160 Jan 29 16:14 ..

       drwxr-xr-x  2 bin       944 Nov 26 18:13 bin

       drwxr-xr-x  2 bin        80 Nov 26 18:13 dev

       drwxr-xr-x  2 bin       240 Mar 21 12:07 etc

       drwxr-xr-x  2 bin       224 Nov 26 18:13 lib

       drwxr-xr-x  2 bin        32 Nov 26 18:13 mnt

       drwxrwxrwx  2 bin        32 Nov 26 18:13 tmp

       -rwxrwxrwx  1 bin     25802 Mar 21 12:07 unix

       drwxr-xr-x 14 bin       224 Nov 26 18:13 usr

     There is no 'halt' or 'shutdown' command, just ^D out of the server

     session. The disks aren't cached, so no need to sync either.

4. 2.11BSD system ---------------------------------------------------------

   - A disk set is available from

       http://www.retro11.de/data/oc_w11/211bsd_rkset.tgz

     Download, unpack and copy the disk images (*.dsk) to

       $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

   - Using old (pi_rri) backend server (serial port only)

       cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

       sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1

       telnet_starter -d DL0 &

       telnet_starter -d DL1 &

     [for s3,n2:]

       SWI = 00000010

       dorri -u0,460,1,2   @211bsd_rk_boot.pcmd

     [for n3:]

       SWI = 00000010

       dorri -u0,2000,1,2  @211bsd_rk_boot.pcmd

   - Using new (ti_rri) backend server (serial and fx2 supported)

       cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb

       telnet_starter -d DL0 &

     [for s3,n2 over serial:]

       SWI = 00000010

       torri -tu0,460k,break,xon   @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl

     [for n3 over serial:]

       SWI = 00000010

       torri -tu0,2M,break,xon     @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl

     [for n2,n3 over fx2:]

       SWI = 00000100

       torri -u     @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl

   - the boot dialog in the console xterm window will look like

     (required input is in {..}, with {} denoting a carriage return:

       70Boot from rk(0,0,0) at 0177404

       : {}

       : rk(0,0,0)unix

       Boot: bootdev=03000 bootcsr=0177404

       2.11 BSD UNIX #26: Thu Jan 1 19:49:13 PST 2009

           root@curly.2bsd.com:/usr/src/sys/RETRONFPRK

       phys mem  = 3932160

       avail mem = 3577856

       user mem  = 307200

       January  4 16:45:33 init: configure system

       dz ? csr 160100 vector 310 skipped:  No CSR.

       lp 0 csr 177514 vector 200 attached

       rk ? csr 177400 vector 220 didn't interrupt.

       rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped:  No CSR.

       tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped:  No CSR.

       xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped:  No CSR.

       cn 1 csr 176500 vector 300 attached

       erase, kill ^U, intr ^C

     In first '#' prompt the system is in single-user mode. Just enter a ^D

     to continue the system startup to multi-user mode:

       #^D

       checking quotas: done.

       Assuming non-networking system ...

       checking for core dump...

       preserving editor files

       clearing /tmp

       standard daemons: update cron accounting.

       starting lpd

       starting local daemons:Sun Jan  4 16:46:37 PST 2009

       January  4 16:46:37 init: kernel security level changed from 0 to 1

       January  4 16:46:40 getty: /dev/tty01: Device not configured

       ...

       2.11 BSD UNIX (curly.2bsd.com) (console)

       login: {root}

       erase, kill ^U, intr ^C

     Now the system is in multi-user mode, daemons runnng. You can explore

     the system, e.g. with a 'pstat -T' or a 'mount' command. At end is

     important to shutdown properly with a 'halt':

       # {pstat -T}

         7/186 files

        39/208 inodes

        11/150 processes

         6/ 46 texts active,  28 used

         2/135 swapmap entries,  366 kB used, 2069 kB free, 2063 kB max

        33/150 coremap entries, 2960 kB free, 2867 kB max

         1/ 10  ub_map entries,   10    free,   10    max

       # {mount}

       /dev/rk0h on /

       /dev/rk2h on /tmp

       /dev/rk3h on /bin

       /dev/rk4h on /usr

       # {halt}

       syncing disks... done

       halting

     Now the server process can be stopped with ^D.