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Kingswood Software Development Tools                                 AS80
2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
3
 
4
NAME
5
   as80 - assembler for 8080, 8085 and Z80 microprocessors.
6
 
7
 
8
SYNOPSIS
9
   as80 [-cdghilnopqstvwxz] file
10
 
11
 
12
DESCRIPTION
13
   This documentation is for as80 [1.10].
14
   Copyright 1990-1994, Frank A. Vorstenbosch, Kingswood Software.
15
 
16
   AS80 is an assembler for the Intel 8080/8085 and Zilog Z80
17
   microprocessors.  It reads input from an ASCII text file, assembles
18
   this into memory, and then writes a listing and a binary or hex file.
19
 
20
   AS80 is case sensitive, not only does it differentiate between the
21
   labels XYZ and xyz, but it also requires all (pseudo) instruction and
22
   register names to be lower case.  This way, the listing is the most
23
   readable.  Option -i can be used to make the assembler case insensitive.
24
   Alternatively, the included TOLOWER program can be used to convert
25
   sources to lower case.
26
 
27
 
28
OPTIONS
29
   As80 recognizes the following options:
30
 
31
      -c   Show number of cycles per instruction in listing.  This
32
           decreases the number of columns available for listing by 5.
33
           The number of cycles is printed between brackets [ and ].
34
 
35
      -d
36
            Define a label before the first source line is read.  If
37
            no name is specified, DEBUG is defined.  The label is
38
            EQUated to be 1.
39
 
40
      -g   Generate source-level debug information file.  This file
41
           can then be used in in-system debugging or a software
42
           simulator.
43
 
44
      -h
45
           Specify height of page for listing.  This option determines
46
           the number of lines per printed page.  Each page has a header
47
           and is terminated by a form-feed character.  The special
48
           case -h0 indicates an infinite page length.  In this case,
49
           page breaks are only inserted between the two passes and
50
           the symbol table (if present).
51
 
52
      -i   Ignore case in opcodes.  In this way, the assembler does not
53
           differentiate between 'add' and 'ADD', for example.  Labels
54
           are still case sensitive.
55
 
56
      -l   Generate pass 2 listing.
57
 
58
      -l
59
            Listing file name.  The listing file is used for pass 1 and
60
            pass 2 listing, for the symbol table (printed between the
61
            two passes), and some statistics.  When neither -p nor -t
62
            is specified, and -l is given, then the assembler
63
            automatically generates a pass 2 listing.  When -p or -t is
64
            specified, an additional -l should be given is a pass 2
65
            listing is required.  The filename - can be used to direct
66
            the listing to standard output.
67
 
68
      -l   Generate pass 2 listing.
69
 
70
      -m   Show macro expansions in listing.  Macro lines are prefixed
71
           by a > sign.
72
 
73
      -n   Disable optimizations.  When this option is specified no
74
           optimizations will be done, even when the OPT pseudo-
75
           instruction is used in the source code.
76
 
77
      -o
78
           Specify binary or s-records output file name.  The assembler
79
           automatically adds ".bin" for binary output or ".s19" for
80
           s-records output when no extension is given.
81
 
82
      -p   Generate pass 1 listing.  This may be used to examine any
83
           optimizations/bugs generated in pass 2.
84
 
85
      -q   Quiet mode.  No running line counter is displayed on standard
86
           error output.
87
 
88
      -s   Write s-records instead of binary file.  The s-records file
89
           contains data for (only) the used memory; the binary file
90
           begins at the lowest used address, and continues up to the
91
           highest used address; filling unused memory between these
92
           two addresses with either $ff or $00.
93
 
94
      -s2  Write intel-hex file instead of binary file.  The intel-hex
95
           file contains data for (only) the used memory.
96
 
97
      -t   Generate symbol table.  The symbol table is listed between
98
           passes one and two, displaying the name, hexadecimal and
99
           decimal value of each label, using 4-digit hexadecimal
100
           numbers where possible, otherwise 8-digit numbers.  The
101
           decimal value is followed by an asterisk if the label is
102
           redefinable (defined using SET instead of EQU).
103
 
104
      -v   Verbose mode.  More information is displayed on standard
105
           output.
106
 
107
      -w
108
           Specify column width.  Normally, the listing is printed using
109
           79 columns for output to a 80-column screen or printer.  If
110
           the -w option is given without a number following it, then
111
           the listing will be 131 columns wide, otherwise it will be
112
           the number of colulmns specified (between 60 and 200).
113
 
114
      -x1  Use 8085 extensions.  The 8085 CPU has two additional
115
           instructions and different cycle counts, but is otherwise
116
           software compatible to the 8080.  When this option is not
117
           specified the assembler rejects the RIM and SIM instructions.
118
 
119
      -x   or
120
      -x2
121
           Use Z80 extensions.  The Z80 has many additional instructions
122
           and addressing modes, but is otherwise software compatible to
123
           the 8080.  When this option is not specified the assembler
124
           rejects all Z80 new instructions and addressing modes.
125
 
126
      -x3  Use Z80 extensions and index register byte instructions.
127
           The IX and IY registers were originally intended to be
128
           split in IXH/IXL and IYH/IYL register pairs.  For some
129
           reason (bug in original mask set?) these instructions were
130
           not included by Zilog in the programming manuals, but
131
           they do work on all CPUs I've seen.  Your mileage may vary.
132
           Note that these extensions do NOT work on the Z180/181 and
133
           H64180, but they DO (and are documented) on the Z280.
134
 
135
      -z   Fill unused memory with zeros.  Normally when a binary file
136
           is generated, unused bytes between the lowest and highest
137
           used addresses are filled with $ff, the unprogrammed state
138
           of EPROMs.  If this is not wanted, the -z option can be used
139
           to initialize this memory to $00.  With s-records, unused
140
           memory is not output to the file, and this option forces the
141
           creation of an S9 (start address) record instead, even if no
142
           start address is specified in the file with the END pseudo-
143
           instruction.
144
 
145
   Commandline options can be catenated, but no other option can follow
146
   one that may have a parameter.  Thus:
147
      -tlfile
148
   is correct (specifying symbol table and pass 2 listing), but
149
      -h5t
150
   is not.
151
 
152
   It is possible to discard any of the the output files by specifying
153
   the name 'nul'.
154
 
155
 
156
EXPRESSIONS
157
 
158
   The assembler recognizes most C-language expressions.  The operators
159
   are listed here in order of precedence, highest first:
160
 
161
       ()            braces to group subexpressions
162
       * $           current location counter
163
       unary + - ! ~ unary + (no-operation), negation, logical NOT,
164
                     binary NOT
165
       * / %         multiplication, division, modulo
166
       + -           addition, subtraction
167
       << >>         shift left, shift right
168
       < > <= >=     comparison for greater/less than
169
       = !=          comparison for equality (== can be used for =)
170
       &             binary AND
171
       ^             binary XOR
172
       |             binary OR
173
       &&            logical AND
174
       ||            logical OR
175
       hi lo         high byte, low byte
176
 
177
   The logical NOT (!) evaluates to zero if the parameter is nonzero,
178
   and vice versa.  The binary NOT (~) complements all the bits in its
179
   parameter.  Logical AND (&&) and OR (||) operators evaluate to one
180
   if both resp. at least one argument is nonzero.  These two operators
181
   evaluate both arguments, unlike the C-language versions.
182
 
183
   Note: the asterisk is both used as the multiplication operator, and
184
   as symbol for the current location.  The assembler determines from
185
   the context which is which. Thus:
186
 
187
       5**
188
 
189
   is a valid expression, evaluating to five times the current location
190
   counter, and:
191
 
192
       2+*/2
193
 
194
   is too, evaluating to the current location counter divided by two, to
195
   which two is added.  In the same way, the % sign is both used as the
196
   modulo operator and the prefix for binary numbers.
197
 
198
   Numbers can be specified in any number base between 2 and 36.
199
   Decimal numbers can be used without a prefix, hexadecimal numbers
200
   can be prefixed by $, octal numbers by @, and binary numbers by %.
201
   Other number bases can be used by using the following format:
202
      #,
203
   where the base is the number base to use (must be specified in
204
   decimal), and number is the value.  Thus:
205
      1000    - decimal number, value 10*10*10=1000
206
      %1000   - binary number, value 2*2*2=8
207
      @1000   - octal number, value 8*8*8=512
208
      $1000   - hexadecimal number, value 16*16*16=4096
209
      #1000   - hexadecimal number, value 16*16*16=4096
210
      0b1000  - binary number, value 2*2*2=8
211
      0x1000  - hexadecimal number, value 16*16*16=4096
212
      2#1000  - binary number, value 2*2*2=8
213
      4#1000  - base-4 number, value 4*4*4=64
214
      7#1000  - base-7 number, value 7*7*7=343
215
      36#1000 - base-36 number, value 36*36*36=444528
216
   For number bases greater than 10, additional digits are represented
217
   by letters, starting from A.  Both lower and upper case letters can
218
   be used.
219
      11#aa = 120
220
      16#ff = 255
221
      25#oo = 624
222
      36#zz = 1295
223
 
224
 
225
PSEUDO-INSTRUCTIONS
226
 
227
   align 
228
 
229
      Align fills zero or more bytes with zeros until the new address
230
      modulo  equals zero.  If the expression is not present,
231
      align fills zero or one bytes with zeros until the new address
232
      is even.
233
 
234
      Example 1:
235
                      align  256             ; continue assembly on the
236
                                             ; next 256-byte page
237
 
238
      Example 2:
239
                      align                  ; make sure table begins
240
      Table           dw     1,2,3           ; on an even address
241
 
242
 
243
 
244
   bss
245
 
246
      Put all following data in the bss segment.  Only data pseudo-instructions
247
      can be used in the bss segment, and these only increment the location
248
      counter.  It is up to the programmer to initialize the bss segment.  The
249
      bss segment is especially meaningful in a ROM based system where
250
      variables must be placed in RAM, and RAM is not automatically initialized.
251
 
252
      The assembler internally maintains three separate location counters,
253
      one for the code segment, one for the data segment and one for the
254
      uninitialized data segment.  The user is responsible for not overlapping
255
      the segments by setting appropriate origins.  The code, data and bss
256
      pseudo-instructions can be used to interleave code and data in the source
257
      listing, while separating the three in the generated program.  The
258
      assembler starts with the code segment if none is specified.
259
 
260
      Example:
261
                     code
262
                     org    $f000           ; Assuming 4 kbyte code ROM
263
                     data                   ; with 2 kbyte program and
264
                     org    $f800           ; 2 kbyte initialized data
265
                     bss
266
                     org    0               ; bss segment is in RAM
267
 
268
      Buffer         ds     100
269
 
270
                     code
271
      Begin          ld     hl,Table
272
                     ld     de,Buffer
273
                     ld     bc,3
274
                     ldir
275
                     .
276
                     .
277
                     .
278
 
279
                     data
280
      Table          db     1,2,3
281
 
282
                     code
283
      MyFunc         ld     ix,Table
284
                     .
285
                     .
286
 
287
   code
288
 
289
      Put all following assembled instructions and data in the code segment.
290
      See BSS.
291
 
292
 
293
   data
294
 
295
      Put all following assembled instructions and data in the data segment.
296
      See BSS.
297
 
298
 
299
   db 
300
 
301
      Define bytes.  The bytes may be specified as expressions or strings,
302
      and are placed in the current (code or data) segment.  This pseudo
303
      instruction is similar to the Zilog-defined defb and defm pseudo-
304
      instructions.
305
 
306
      Example:
307
      Message        db     "\aError\r\n",0
308
 
309
 
310
   defb 
311
 
312
      Define bytes.  The bytes may be specified only as expressions,
313
      and are placed in the current (code or data) segment.  This
314
      pseudo-instruction is similar to the db pseudo-instruction.
315
 
316
      Example:
317
      Message        defb   7
318
                     defm   "Error"
319
                     defb   13,10,0
320
 
321
 
322
   defm 
323
 
324
      Define message.  The bytes may be specified only as a string, and
325
      are placed in the current (code or data) segment.  This pseudo-
326
      instruction is similar to the db pseudo-instruction.
327
 
328
 
329
   ds 
330
   defs 
331
 
332
      Define zero or more bytes empty space.  The specified number of
333
      bytes are filled with zeros.  This pseudo-instruction is identical
334
      to the Zilog-defined pseudo-instruction defs.
335
 
336
      Example:
337
                     ds     100             ; reserve 100 bytes here
338
 
339
 
340
   dw 
341
   defw 
342
 
343
      Define words.  The words are placed in the current (code or data)
344
      segment.  This pseudo-instruction is identical to the Zilog-
345
      defined defw pseudo-instruction.
346
 
347
      Example:
348
                     ld     a,2*Function    ; number of function
349
                     ld     hl,JumpTable
350
                     add    a,l             ; calculate HL+A
351
                     ld     l,a
352
                     adc    a,h
353
                     sub    l
354
                     ld     h,a
355
                     jp     (hl)            ; jump to function
356
 
357
      JumpTable      dw     Function0
358
                     dw     Function1
359
                     dw     Function2
360
 
361
 
362
   else
363
 
364
      The else pseudo-instruction can be used for if-then-else
365
      constructions. It must be placed between an if and an endif
366
      instruction.  For an example, see the if pseudo-instruction.
367
 
368
 
369
   end 
370
 
371
      The end pseudo-instruction is optional, and need not be used.  If
372
      it is used, its optional operand specifies the staring address of
373
      the program.  This address is displayed when the program is
374
      assembled, and is also placed in the s-record output file.
375
 
376
      Example:
377
                     end    Start
378
 
379
   endif
380
 
381
      The endif pseudo-instruction must be used to close an if-endif
382
      or if-else-endif construction.  For an example, see the if
383
      pseudo-instruction.
384
 
385
 
386
   
387
 
388
      The equ (equate) pseudo-instruction sets the specified label to
389
      the value of the expression.  The label may not already exist.
390
      Some programmers choose to use only upper-case identifiers for
391
      labels defined in this way to differentiate them from addresses.
392
 
393
      Example:
394
      ESCAPE          equ    27
395
 
396
 
397
   if 
398
 
399
      The if pseudo-instruction can be used in conjunction with the
400
      endif and possibly the else pseudo-instructions to selectively
401
      enable and disable pieces of code in the source.  If the expression
402
      given evaluates to zero, then the following code up to the matching
403
      else or endif is not included in the assembly.  If the expression
404
      is nonzero, then the following code is included, but any code
405
      between the matching else and endif is not.
406
      The original Zilog assemblers called this pseudo-instruction COND.
407
 
408
      Example:
409
                     if COUNT=2 | COUNT=4
410
                     add     a,a            ; shift left for counts
411
                     if COUNT=4             ; of 2 and 4
412
                     add     a,a
413
                     endif
414
                     else
415
                     ld      b,COUNT        ; otherwise use slow multiply
416
                     call    Multiply
417
                     endif
418
 
419
 
420
   include 
421
 
422
      The named file is included in the assembly at this point.  After
423
      it has been read, assembly continues with the next line of the
424
      current file. Include files may be nested.
425
 
426
      Example:
427
                     include "z180.i"
428
 
429
 
430
   list
431
 
432
      Enable generation of the listing in the list-file.  If the listing
433
      has been disabled twice, it must be enabled twice before it is
434
      generated.  When no -p or -l option has been specified on the
435
      command line, this pseudo-instruction has no effect.
436
 
437
 
438
   macro
439
 
440
      Define a macro.  Macros allow a block of source statements to be
441
      given a name, and then that name can be used to include the
442
      statements anywhere in the program.  Parameters can be used to
443
      pass arguments to the macro.  In the macro definition names
444
      can be used to respresent the arguments; these names in the text
445
      are substituted with the value passed on macro expansion.
446
      Macro arguments can also be represented by using \1 through \9
447
      in the macro text; these sequences are replaced by the first
448
      through ninth argument respectively.  The special value \0
449
      contains the number of arguments passed to the macro.
450
 
451
      Example 1:
452
      Macro1         macro  text,value
453
                     dw     value
454
                     db     text,0
455
                     db     "value=",'value',0
456
                     endm
457
 
458
      Macro2         macro
459
                     dw     \2
460
                     db     \1,0
461
                     db     "value=\2",0
462
                     endm
463
 
464
                     Macro1 "Hello",123
465
                     Macro2 "Hello",123
466
 
467
      Macros can also use local labels, for when a unique label is needed
468
      each time the macro is expanded.  This can be used when the macro
469
      contains a conditional jump, or a loop of some kind, or simply needs
470
      to reference some data.  Local labels can be declared by using the
471
      local pseudo-instruction, or by using the \? special value.  The
472
      \? value is replaced by a unique four-digit decimal number each
473
      time a macro is used.
474
 
475
      Example 2:
476
      Macro3         macro  text
477
                     local  String
478
                     code
479
                     dw     String
480
                     data
481
      String         db     text,0
482
                     endm
483
 
484
      Macro4         macro  text
485
                     code
486
                     dw     String\?
487
                     data
488
      String\?       db     text,0
489
                     endm
490
 
491
                     Macro3 "Hello"
492
                     Macro4 "Hello"
493
 
494
      Macros can also contain if...endif statements, and the exitm
495
      pseudo-instruction can be used to terminate macro expansion.
496
      Macros can also call other macros (or themselves) up to a nesting
497
      depth of 15 levels.
498
 
499
      Macro5         macro  count
500
                     if     count>25
501
                     exitm
502
                     endif
503
                     db     10*count
504
                     endm
505
 
506
                     Macro5 10
507
                     Macro5 100
508
 
509
 
510
   nolist
511
 
512
      Disable generation of the listing in the list-file.
513
 
514
 
515
   noopt
516
 
517
      Disable optimizations.  If the -n option has been specified on the
518
      command line, this pseudo-instruction has no effect.
519
 
520
 
521
   nop 
522
 
523
      No operation.  When the optional expression is not present, this
524
      is simply the nop instruction of the processor.  When the
525
      expression is present, the specified number of nop instructions
526
      are inserted.
527
 
528
      Example:
529
                     nop    10
530
 
531
 
532
   opt
533
 
534
      Enable optimizations.  If the -n option has been specified on the
535
      command line, this pseudo-instruction has no effect.
536
      When optimization is enabled, the assembler tries to use the
537
      shortest and fastest instructions possible which have the effect
538
      the user wants.  It may replace any extended-address instruction
539
      by direct-address instructions (provided the direct pseudo-
540
      instruction has been used).  It replaces long branches with jumps
541
      or short branches, calls with branches to subroutines, and
542
      replaces zero-offset indexed instructions by no-offset indexed
543
      instructions.  The effects of optimizations is clearly visible if
544
      both a pass one and a pass two listing is generated.
545
 
546
 
547
   org 
548
 
549
      The org (origin) pseudo-instruction specifies the next address to
550
      be used for assembly.  When no origin has been specified, the
551
      assembler uses the value 0.  The assembler maintains three separate
552
      location counters: one for the code segment, one for the data
553
      segment, and one for the bss segment.  See the code and pseudo-
554
      instruction for more information.
555
 
556
 
557
   page 
558
 
559
      When the optional expression is not present, the assembly listing
560
      is continued on the next page.  When the expression is present,
561
      the listing is continued on the next page only if the specified
562
      number of lines do not fit on the current page.
563
 
564
 
565
   
566
   
567
 
568
      The set pseudo-instruction sets the specified label to the value
569
      of the expression.  The label may or may not already exist.
570
      Some programmers choose to use only upper-case identifiers for
571
      labels defined in this way to differentiate them from addresses.
572
 
573
      Example:
574
      CURRENT         set    0
575
 
576
                      .
577
                      .
578
                      .
579
 
580
      CURRENT         set    CURRENT+1
581
 
582
 
583
   struct 
584
   struct ,
585
 
586
      The struct (structure) pseudo-instruction can be used to define
587
      data structures in memory more easily.
588
 
589
      The name of the structure is set to the total size of the structure;
590
      if the expression is present, the starting offset is the value of
591
      the expression in stead of zero.
592
 
593
      Between the struct and end struct pseudo-instructions the following
594
      pseudo-instructions can be used: db, dw, ds, label, align.
595
      Within structures these pseudo-instructions take a slightly different
596
      format than normally:
597
 
598
         db                 element is one byte
599
 
600
         dw                 element is two bytes
601
 
602
         ds ,   element is the specified number of bytes
603
 
604
         ds           skip the specified number of bytes
605
 
606
         label              element is zero bytes, i.e. set the name
607
                                  to the current structure offset
608
 
609
         align        skip until (offset%expression)=0
610
 
611
         align                    skip until offset is even
612
 
613
 
614
      Example:
615
                     struct ListNode,4
616
                     dw     LN_Next
617
                     dw     LN_Previous
618
                     db     LN_Type
619
                     align
620
                     label  LN_Simple       ; size of structure so far
621
                     align  8
622
                     ds     LN_Data,10
623
                     end struct
624
 
625
      This is identical to:
626
 
627
      LN_Next        equ     4       ;\
628
      LN_Previous    equ     6       ; offset of structure elements
629
      LN_Type        equ     8       ;/
630
      LN_Simple      equ     10      ; size of structure so far
631
      LN_Data        equ     16      ; offset of structure element
632
      ListNode       equ     26      ; size of structure
633
 
634
 
635
   title 
636
 
637
      The title pseudo-instruction sets the title to be used in the
638
      header of each listing page.  The string should be no longer than
639
      80 characters.
640
 
641
      Example:
642
                   title  "DIS80 : A disassembler for a 8080 CPU"
643
 
644
 
645
ADDRESSING MODES
646
   The assembler allows all 8080 (and when enabled also Z80) addressing
647
   modes.  The use of an expression between braces as an address disallows
648
   braces at the outermost level for immediate values.  The assembler
649
   is capable to determine that
650
 
651
                   ld     a,(10)+1
652
   and
653
                   ld     a,1+(10)
654
 
655
   are immediate operands.  You can also use rectangular brackets
656
   [ and ] to include an address.
657
 
658
   List of available modes:
659
      immediate
660
      (address)
661
      (bc) (de) (hl) (sp)
662
 
663
   Additional addressing modes for the Z80 and Z180:
664
      (ix+offset)  (ix-offset)
665
      (iy+offset)  (iy-offset)
666
      (c)
667
 
668
 
669
LIST OF ACCEPTED INSTRUCTIONS
670
   adc add align and bit bss call ccf code cp cpd cpdr cpi cpir cpl daa
671
   data db dd dec defb defm defs defw di disable djnz ds dw ei else enable
672
   end endif equ ex exx fcb fcc fcw fdb halt if im in inc include ind indr
673
   ini inir jp jr ld ldd lddr ldi ldir list neg nolist noopt nop opt or
674
   org otdr otir out outd outi page pop push res ret reti retn rim rl rla
675
   rlc rlca rld rmb rr rra rrc rrca rrd rst sbc scf set shl shr sim sl sla
676
   sr sra srl stc struct sub title tsti xor
677
 
678
   Of these instructions, the following are (more or less) synonymous,
679
   and can be used interchangably.
680
   YOU CAN USE      WHERE YOU WOULD PREVIOUSLY USE
681
      nop 6      -  nop nop nop ....
682
      push bc,de -  push bc ; push de
683
      pop bc,de  -  pop de ; pop bc  (note reversed order)
684
      disable    -  di
685
      enable     -  ei
686
      sr         -  srl
687
      shr        -  srl
688
      sl         -  sla
689
      shl        -  sla
690
      stc        -  scf
691
      ld bc,de   -  ld b,d ; ld c,e
692
      ld ix,bc   -  ld xh,b ; ld xl,c
693
      add R      -  add a,R
694
      or a,R     -  or R
695
      in (c)     -  tsti (c)
696
      ex hl,de   -  ex de,hl
697
      djnz LBL   -  dec b ; jp nz,LBL
698
      jp nv,LBL  -  jp pe,LBL  (no overflow/parity even)
699
      jp v,LBL   -  jp po,LBL  (overflow/parity odd)
700
      jp ns,LBL  -  jp p,LBL   (no sign/positive)
701
      jp s,LBL   -  jp m,LBL   (sign/negative)
702
 
703
   Operands:
704
      xh         -  ixh
705
      xl         -  ixl
706
      yh         -  iyh
707
      yl         -  iyl
708
      [Address]  -  (Address)
709
      [hl]       -  (hl)
710
      (ix-6)     -  (ix+-6)
711
 
712
   And pseudo-instructions:
713
      db         -  defb, defm
714
      dw         -  defw
715
      ds         -  defs
716
      =          -  set
717
      struct     -  lots of EQUs
718
 
719
 
720
LIST OF OTHER KEYWORDS
721
   ! != $ % & && ( ) * + , - / < << <= = > >= >> [ ] ^ | || ~
722
   a af af' align b bc c d db de ds dw e end h hl i ix ixh ixl iy iyh
723
   iyl l label m nc ns nv nz p pe po r s sp struct v xh xl yh yl z
724
 
725
 
726
FILES
727
   .a80 - source file.
728
   .z80 - source file -- first alternative.
729
   .asm - source file -- second alternative.
730
   .lst - List file.
731
   .s19 - Motorola S-records output file.
732
   .hex - Intel hex output file.
733
   .bin - Binary output file.
734
 
735
 
736
BUGS
737
   No provision for linking other pre-assembled modules is made.
738
   Escape sequences in strings can't use the \x and
739
   \ formats.
740
 
741
 
742
RETURNS
743
   As80 returns one of the following values:
744
 
745
 
746
      1 - Incorrect parameter specified on the commandline.
747
      2 - Unable to open input or output file.
748
      3 - Assembly gave errors.
749
      4 - No memory could be allocated.
750
 
751
 
752
DIAGNOSTICS
753
   Help message if only parameter is a question mark, or if an
754
   illegal option has been specified.
755
 
756
 
757
AUTHOR
758
   This is copyrighted software, but may be distributed freely as long
759
   as this document accompanies the assembler, and no copyright messages
760
   are removed.  You are explicitly NOT allowed to sell this software
761
   for anything more than a reasonable copying fee, say US$5.
762
   To contact the author:
763
      Frank A. Vorstenbosch
764
      Kingswood Software
765
      P.O. Box 85800              Phone: +31-(70)-355 5241
766
      2508CM  The Hague           BBS:   +31-(70)-355 8674
767
      Netherlands                 Email: falstaff@xs4all.nl
768
 
769
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