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///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//

// Filename:    cpuops.v

//

// Project:     Zip CPU -- a small, lightweight, RISC CPU soft core

//

// Purpose:     This supports the instruction set reordering of operations

//              created by the second generation instruction set, as well as

//      the new operations of POPC (population count) and BREV (bit reversal).

//

//

// Creator:     Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.

//              Gisselquist Technology, LLC

//

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//

// Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC

//

// This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or

// modify it under the terms of  the GNU General Public License as published

// by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at

// your option) any later version.

//

// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT

// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or

// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License

// for more details.

//

// License:     GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org,

//              http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html

//

//

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//

// `define      LONG_MPY

module  cpuops(i_clk,i_rst, i_ce, i_valid, i_op, i_a, i_b, o_c, o_f, o_valid,

                        o_illegal, o_busy);

        parameter       IMPLEMENT_MPY = 1;

        input           i_clk, i_rst, i_ce;

        input           [3:0]    i_op;

        input           [31:0]   i_a, i_b;

        input                   i_valid;

        output  reg     [31:0]   o_c;

        output  wire    [3:0]    o_f;

        output  reg             o_valid;

        output  wire            o_illegal;

        output  wire            o_busy;

        // Rotate-left pre-logic

        wire    [63:0]   w_rol_tmp;

        assign  w_rol_tmp = { i_a, i_a } << i_b[4:0];

        wire    [31:0]   w_rol_result;

        assign  w_rol_result = w_rol_tmp[63:32]; // Won't set flags

        // Shift register pre-logic

        wire    [32:0]           w_lsr_result, w_asr_result;

        assign  w_asr_result = (|i_b[31:5])? {(33){i_a[31]}}

                                : ( {i_a, 1'b0 } >>> (i_b[4:0]) );// ASR

        assign  w_lsr_result = (|i_b[31:5])? 33'h00

                                : ( { i_a, 1'b0 } >> (i_b[4:0]) );// LSR

        // Bit reversal pre-logic

        wire    [31:0]   w_brev_result;

        genvar  k;

        generate

        for(k=0; k<32; k=k+1)

        begin : bit_reversal_cpuop

                assign w_brev_result[k] = i_b[31-k];

        end endgenerate

        // Popcount pre-logic

        wire    [31:0]   w_popc_result;

        assign  w_popc_result[5:0]=

                 ({5'h0,i_b[ 0]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 1]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 2]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 3]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[ 4]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 5]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 6]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 7]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[ 8]}+{5'h0,i_b[ 9]}+{5'h0,i_b[10]}+{5'h0,i_b[11]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[12]}+{5'h0,i_b[13]}+{5'h0,i_b[14]}+{5'h0,i_b[15]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[16]}+{5'h0,i_b[17]}+{5'h0,i_b[18]}+{5'h0,i_b[19]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[20]}+{5'h0,i_b[21]}+{5'h0,i_b[22]}+{5'h0,i_b[23]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[24]}+{5'h0,i_b[25]}+{5'h0,i_b[26]}+{5'h0,i_b[27]})

                +({5'h0,i_b[28]}+{5'h0,i_b[29]}+{5'h0,i_b[30]}+{5'h0,i_b[31]});

        assign  w_popc_result[31:6] = 26'h00;

        // Prelogic for our flags registers

        wire    z, n, v;

        reg     c, pre_sign, set_ovfl;

        always @(posedge i_clk)

                if (i_ce) // 1 LUT

                        set_ovfl =(((i_op==4'h0)&&(i_a[31] != i_b[31]))//SUB&CMP

                                ||((i_op==4'h2)&&(i_a[31] == i_b[31])) // ADD

                                ||(i_op == 4'h6) // LSL

                                ||(i_op == 4'h5)); // LSR

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

        reg     mpyhi;

        wire    mpybusy;

`endif

        // A 4-way multiplexer can be done in one 6-LUT.

        // A 16-way multiplexer can therefore be done in 4x 6-LUT's with

        //      the Xilinx multiplexer fabric that follows. 

        // Given that we wish to apply this multiplexer approach to 33-bits,

        // this will cost a minimum of 132 6-LUTs.

        generate

        if (IMPLEMENT_MPY == 0)

        begin

                always @(posedge i_clk)

                if (i_ce)

                begin

                        pre_sign <= (i_a[31]);

                        c <= 1'b0;

                        casez(i_op)

                        4'b0000:{c,o_c } <= {1'b0,i_a}-{1'b0,i_b};// CMP/SUB

                        4'b0001:   o_c   <= i_a & i_b;          // BTST/And

                        4'b0010:{c,o_c } <= i_a + i_b;          // Add

                        4'b0011:   o_c   <= i_a | i_b;          // Or

                        4'b0100:   o_c   <= i_a ^ i_b;          // Xor

                        4'b0101:{o_c,c } <= w_lsr_result[32:0];  // LSR

                        4'b0110:{c,o_c } <= (|i_b[31:5])? 33'h00 : {1'b0, i_a } << i_b[4:0];     // LSL

                        4'b0111:{o_c,c } <= w_asr_result[32:0];  // ASR

`ifndef LONG_MPY

                        4'b1000:   o_c   <= { i_b[15: 0], i_a[15:0] }; // LODIHI

`endif

                        4'b1001:   o_c   <= { i_a[31:16], i_b[15:0] }; // LODILO

                        // 4'h1010: The unimplemented MPYU,

                        // 4'h1011: and here for the unimplemented MPYS

                        4'b1100:   o_c   <= w_brev_result;      // BREV

                        4'b1101:   o_c   <= w_popc_result;      // POPC

                        4'b1110:   o_c   <= w_rol_result;       // ROL

                        default:   o_c   <= i_b;                // MOV, LDI

                        endcase

                end

                assign o_busy = 1'b0;

                reg     r_illegal;

                always @(posedge i_clk)

                        r_illegal <= (i_ce)&&((i_op == 4'ha)||(i_op == 4'hb)

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                                ||(i_op == 4'h8)

`endif

                        );

                assign o_illegal = r_illegal;

        end else begin

                //

                // Multiply pre-logic

                //

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                reg     [63:0]   r_mpy_result;

                if (IMPLEMENT_MPY == 1)

                begin // Our two clock option (one clock extra)

                        reg     signed  [64:0]   r_mpy_a_input, r_mpy_b_input;

                        reg                     mpypipe, x;

                        initial mpypipe = 1'b0;

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                                mpypipe <= (i_ce)&&((i_op[3:1]==3'h5)||(i_op[3:0]==4'h8));

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                        if (i_ce)

                        begin

                                r_mpy_a_input <= {{(33){(i_a[31])&(i_op[0])}},

                                                        i_a[31:0]};

                                r_mpy_b_input <= {{(33){(i_b[31])&(i_op[0])}},

                                                        i_b[31:0]};

                        end

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                                if (mpypipe)

                                        {x, r_mpy_result} = r_mpy_a_input

                                                        * r_mpy_b_input;

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                                if (i_ce)

                                        mpyhi  = i_op[1];

                        assign  mpybusy = mpypipe;

                end else if (IMPLEMENT_MPY == 2)

                begin // The three clock option

                        reg     [31:0]   r_mpy_a_input, r_mpy_b_input;

                        reg             r_mpy_signed;

                        reg     [1:0]    mpypipe;

                        // First clock, latch in the inputs

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                        begin

                                // mpypipe indicates we have a multiply in the

                                // pipeline.  In this case, the multiply

                                // pipeline is a two stage pipeline, so we need 

                                // two bits in the pipe.

                                mpypipe[0] <= (i_ce)&&((i_op[3:1]==3'h5)

                                                        ||(i_op[3:0]==4'h8));

                                mpypipe[1] <= mpypipe[0];

                                if (i_op[0]) // i.e. if signed multiply

                                begin

                                        r_mpy_a_input <= {(~i_a[31]),i_a[30:0]};

                                        r_mpy_b_input <= {(~i_b[31]),i_b[30:0]};

                                end else begin

                                        r_mpy_a_input <= i_a[31:0];

                                        r_mpy_b_input <= i_b[31:0];

                                end

                                // The signed bit really only matters in the

                                // case of 64 bit multiply.  We'll keep track

                                // of it, though, and pretend in all other

                                // cases.

                                r_mpy_signed  <= i_op[0];

                                if (i_ce)

                                        mpyhi  = i_op[1];

                        end

                        assign  mpybusy = |mpypipe;

                        // Second clock, do the multiplies, get the "partial

                        // products".  Here, we break our input up into two

                        // halves, 

                        //

                        //   A  = (2^16 ah + al)

                        //   B  = (2^16 bh + bl)

                        //

                        // and use these to compute partial products.

                        //

                        //   AB = (2^32 ah*bh + 2^16 (ah*bl + al*bh) + (al*bl)

                        //

                        // Since we're following the FOIL algorithm to get here,

                        // we'll name these partial products according to FOIL.

                        //

                        // The trick is what happens if A or B is signed.  In

                        // those cases, the real value of A will not be given by

                        //      A = (2^16 ah + al)

                        // but rather

                        //      A = (2^16 ah[31^] + al) - 2^31

                        //  (where we have flipped the sign bit of A)

                        // and so ...

                        //

                        // AB= (2^16 ah + al - 2^31) * (2^16 bh + bl - 2^31)

                        //      = 2^32(ah*bh)

                        //              +2^16 (ah*bl+al*bh)

                        //              +(al*bl)

                        //              - 2^31 (2^16 bh+bl + 2^16 ah+al)

                        //              - 2^62

                        //      = 2^32(ah*bh)

                        //              +2^16 (ah*bl+al*bh)

                        //              +(al*bl)

                        //              - 2^31 (2^16 bh+bl + 2^16 ah+al + 2^31)

                        //

                        reg     [31:0]   pp_f, pp_o, pp_i, pp_l;

                        reg     [32:0]   pp_s;

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                        begin

                                pp_f<=r_mpy_a_input[31:16]*r_mpy_b_input[31:16];

                                pp_o<=r_mpy_a_input[31:16]*r_mpy_b_input[15: 0];

                                pp_i<=r_mpy_a_input[15: 0]*r_mpy_b_input[31:16];

                                pp_l<=r_mpy_a_input[15: 0]*r_mpy_b_input[15: 0];

                                // And a special one for the sign

                                if (r_mpy_signed)

                                        pp_s <= 32'h8000_0000-(

                                                r_mpy_a_input[31:0]

                                                + r_mpy_b_input[31:0]);

                                else

                                        pp_s <= 33'h0;

                        end

                        // Third clock, add the results and produce a product

                        always @(posedge i_clk)

                        begin

                                r_mpy_result[15:0] <= pp_l[15:0];

                                r_mpy_result[63:16] <=

                                        { 32'h00, pp_l[31:16] }

                                        + { 16'h00, pp_o }

                                        + { 16'h00, pp_i }

                                        + { pp_s, 15'h00 }

                                        + { pp_f, 16'h00 };

                        end

                end // Fourth clock -- results are available for writeback.

`else

                wire    signed  [16:0]   w_mpy_a_input, w_mpy_b_input;

                wire            [33:0]   w_mpy_result;

                reg             [31:0]   r_mpy_result;

                assign  w_mpy_a_input ={ ((i_a[15])&(i_op[0])), i_a[15:0] };

                assign  w_mpy_b_input ={ ((i_b[15])&(i_op[0])), i_b[15:0] };

                assign  w_mpy_result   = w_mpy_a_input * w_mpy_b_input;

                always @(posedge i_clk)

                        if (i_ce)

                                r_mpy_result  = w_mpy_result[31:0];

`endif

                //

                // The master ALU case statement

                //

                always @(posedge i_clk)

                if (i_ce)

                begin

                        pre_sign <= (i_a[31]);

                        c <= 1'b0;

                        casez(i_op)

                        4'b0000:{c,o_c } <= {1'b0,i_a}-{1'b0,i_b};// CMP/SUB

                        4'b0001:   o_c   <= i_a & i_b;          // BTST/And

                        4'b0010:{c,o_c } <= i_a + i_b;          // Add

                        4'b0011:   o_c   <= i_a | i_b;          // Or

                        4'b0100:   o_c   <= i_a ^ i_b;          // Xor

                        4'b0101:{o_c,c } <= w_lsr_result[32:0];  // LSR

                        4'b0110:{c,o_c } <= (|i_b[31:5])? 33'h00 : {1'b0, i_a } << i_b[4:0];     // LSL

                        4'b0111:{o_c,c } <= w_asr_result[32:0];  // ASR

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                        4'b1000:   o_c   <= r_mpy_result[31:0]; // MPY

`else

                        4'b1000:   o_c   <= { i_b[15: 0], i_a[15:0] }; // LODIHI

`endif

                        4'b1001:   o_c   <= { i_a[31:16], i_b[15:0] }; // LODILO

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                        4'b1010:   o_c   <= r_mpy_result[63:32]; // MPYHU

                        4'b1011:   o_c   <= r_mpy_result[63:32]; // MPYHS

`else

                        4'b1010:   o_c   <= r_mpy_result; // MPYU

                        4'b1011:   o_c   <= r_mpy_result; // MPYS

`endif

                        4'b1100:   o_c   <= w_brev_result;      // BREV

                        4'b1101:   o_c   <= w_popc_result;      // POPC

                        4'b1110:   o_c   <= w_rol_result;       // ROL

                        default:   o_c   <= i_b;                // MOV, LDI

                        endcase

                end else if (r_busy)

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                        o_c <= (mpyhi)?r_mpy_result[63:32]:r_mpy_result[31:0];

`else

                        o_c <= r_mpy_result;

`endif

                reg     r_busy;

                initial r_busy = 1'b0;

                always @(posedge i_clk)

                        r_busy <= (~i_rst)&&(i_ce)&&(i_valid)

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                                        &&((i_op[3:1] == 3'h5)

                                                ||(i_op[3:0] == 4'h8))||mpybusy;

`else

                                        &&(i_op[3:1] == 3'h5);

`endif

                assign o_busy = r_busy;

                assign o_illegal = 1'b0;

        end endgenerate

        assign  z = (o_c == 32'h0000);

        assign  n = (o_c[31]);

        assign  v = (set_ovfl)&&(pre_sign != o_c[31]);

        assign  o_f = { v, n, c, z };

        initial o_valid = 1'b0;

        always @(posedge i_clk)

                if (i_rst)

                        o_valid <= 1'b0;

                else

                        o_valid <= (i_ce)&&(i_valid)

`ifdef  LONG_MPY

                                &&(i_op[3:1] != 3'h5)&&(i_op[3:0] != 4'h8)

                                ||(o_busy)&&(~mpybusy);

`else

                                &&(i_op[3:1] != 3'h5)||(o_busy);

`endif

endmodule