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## The ZAP ARM Processor (ARMv5T Compatible, FPGA Synthesizable Soft Processor)
 
#### Author        : Revanth Kamaraj (revanth91kamaraj@gmail.com)
 
### Introduction
 
The ZAP processor is a 10 stage pipelined processor for FPGA with support for cache and MMU (ARMv5T compliant).
 
![Wishbone logo](https://wishbone-interconnect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/wishbone_stamp.svg)
 
#### Features
 
##### ZAP Processor (zap_top.v)
 
The ZAP core is a pipelined ATMv5T processor for FPGA.
 
| Property              | Description             |
|-----------------------|-------------------------|
|HDL                    | Verilog-2001            |
|Author                 | Revanth Kamaraj         |
|ARM v5T ISA Support    | Fully compatible        |
|Branch Predictor       | Direct mapped bimodal   |
|Write Buffer           | Yes                     |
|Abort Model            | Base Restored           |
|Integrated v5T CP15    | Yes                     |
|External Coproc. Bus   | No                      |
|Cache Interface        | 128-Bit custom interface|
|26-Bit Support         | No                      |
|L1 Code Cache          | Direct mapped virtual   |
|L1 Data Cache          | Direct mapped virtual   |
|Cache Write Policy     | Writeback               |
|L1 Code TLB            | Direct mapped           |
|L1 Data TLB            | Direct mapped           |
|Bus Interface          | 32-bit Wishbone B3 Linear incrementing burst |
|Cache/TLB Lock Support | No                      |
|CP15 Compliance        | v5T (No fine pages)     |
|FCSE Support           | Yes                     |
 
 * 10-stage pipeline design. Pipeline has bypass network to resolve dependencies. Most operations execute at a rate of 1 operation per clock.
 * 2 write ports for the register file to allow LDR/STR with writeback to execute as a single instruction.
 
#### CPU Configuration (zap_top.v)
 
| Parameter                | Default| Description |
|--------------------------|--------|-------------|
| BP_ENTRIES               |  1024 | Branch Predictor Settings. Predictor RAM depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
| FIFO_DEPTH               |  4    | Branch Predictor Settings. Command FIFO depth. Must be 2^n and > 2  |
| STORE_BUFFER_DEPTH       | 16    | Branch Predictor Settings. Depth of the store buffer. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
| DATA_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES |  4    | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| DATA_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  8    | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| DATA_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  16   | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| DATA_CACHE_SIZE          |  1024 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
| CODE_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES |  4    | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| CODE_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  8    | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| CODE_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  16   | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
| CODE_CACHE_SIZE          |  1024 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
 
#### CPU IO Interface (zap_top.v)
 
Wishbone B3 compatible 32-bit bus.
 
|        Dir    | Size     | Port               | Description                      |
|---------------|----------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
|        input  |          | i_clk              |  Clock                           |
|        input  |          | i_reset            |  Reset                           |
|        input  |          | i_irq              |  Interrupt. Level Sensitive.     |
|        input  |          | i_fiq              |  Fast Interrupt. Level Sensitive.|
|        output |          |  o_wb_cyc          |  Wishbone B3 Signal              |
|        output |          |  o_wb_stb          |  WIshbone B3 signal              |
|        output | [31:0]   |  o_wb_adr          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        output |          |  o_wb_we           |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        output | [31:0]   |  o_wb_dat          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        output | [3:0]    |  o_wb_sel          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        output | [2:0]    |  o_wb_cti          |  Wishbone B3 signal. Cycle Type Indicator (Supported modes: Incrementing Burst, End of Burst)|
|        output | [1:0]    |  o_wb_bte          |  Wishbone B3 signal. Burst Type Indicator (Supported modes: Linear)                          |
|        input  |          |  i_wb_ack          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        input  | [31:0]   |  i_wb_dat          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
|        output |          |   o_wb_stb_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
|        output |          |   o_wb_cyc_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
|        output |   [31:0] |   o_wb_adr_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
 
 
### Getting Started
*Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/18.04 LTS*
 
#### Run Sample Tests
 
Let the variable $test_name hold the name of the test. See the src/ts directory for some basic tests pre-installed. Available test names are: factorial, arm_test, thumb_test, uart. New tests can be added using these as starting templates. Please note that these will be run on the SOC platform (chip_top) that consist of the ZAP processor, 2 x UARTs, a VIC and a timer.
 
```bash
sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi binutils-arm-none-eabi gdb openocd iverilog gtkwave make perl xterm
cd $PROJ_ROOT/src/ts/$test_name # $PROJ_ROOT is the project directory.
make # Runs the test using IVerilog.
cd $PROJ_ROOT/obj/ts/$test_name # Switch to object folder.
gvim zap.log.gz    # View the log file
gtkwave zap.vcd.gz # Exists if selected by Config.cfg. See PDF document for more information.
```
To use this processor in your SOC, instantiate this top level CPU module in your project: /src/rtl/cpu/zap_top.v
 
### Implementation Specific Details
 
#### FPGA Timing Performance (Vivado, Retime Enabled)
 
| FPGA Part          | Speed |  Critical Path |
|--------------------|-------|----------------|
| xc7a35tiftg256-1L  | 80MHz | Cache access   |
 
#### Coprocessor #15 Control Registers
 
##### Register 0 : ID Register
 
|Bits | Name    | Description                              |
|-----|---------|------------------------------------------|
|31:0 | Various | Processor ID info.                       |
 
##### Register 1 : Control
 
|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|0    | M         | MMU Enable. Active high                  |
|1    | A         | Always 0. Alignment check off            |
|2    | D         | Data Cache Enable. Active high           |
|3    | W         | Always 1. Write Buffer always on.        |
|4    | P         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
|5    | D         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
|6    | L         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
|7    | B         | Always 0. Little Endian                  |
|8    | S         | The S bit                                |
|9    | R         | The R bit                                |
|11   | Z         | Always 1. Branch prediction enabled      |
|12   | I         | Instruction Cache Enable. Active high    |
|13   | V         | Normal Exception Vectors. Always 0       |
|14   | RR        | Always 1. Direct mapped cache.           |
|15   | L4        | Always 0. Normal behavior.               |
 
##### Register 2 : Translation Base Address
 
|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|13:0 | M         | Preserve value.                          |
|31:14| TTB       | Upper 18-bits of translation address     |
 
##### Register 3 : Domain Access Control (X=0 to X=15)
 
|Bits     | Name      | Description                              |
|---------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|2X+1:2X  | DX        | DX access permission.                    |
 
##### Register 5 : Fault Status Register
 
|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|3:0  | Status    | Status.                                  |
|1:0  | Domain    | Domain.                                  |
|11:8 | SBZ       | Always 0. RESERVED                       |
 
##### Register 6 : Fault Address Register
 
|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
|31:0 | Addr      | Fault Address.                           |
 
##### Register 7 : Cache Functions
 
| Opcode2     |  CRm            | Description                         |
|-------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|
|         000 |         0111    |         Flush all caches.           |
|         000 |         0101    |         Flush I cache.              |
|         000 |         0110    |         Flush D cache.              |
|         000 |         1011    |         Clean all caches.           |
|         000 |         1010    |         Clean D cache.              |
|         000 |         1111    |         Clean and flush all caches. |
|         000 |         1110    |         Clean and flush D cache.    |
|       Other |        Other    |         Clean and flush ALL caches  |
 
 
##### Register 8 : TLB Functions
 
|Opcode2 |        CRm    |        Description      |
|--------|---------------|-------------------------|
|    000 |        0111   |        Flush all TLBs   |
|    000 |        0101   |        Flush I TLB      |
|    000 |        0110   |        Flush D TLB      |
|   Other|        Other  |        Flush all TLBs   |
 
##### Register 13 : FCSE Extentions
 
| Field | Description |
|-------|-------------|
| 31:25 | PID         |
 
##### Lockdown Support
* CPU memory system does not support lockdown.
 
##### Tiny Pages
* No support for tiny pages (1KB).

Line No.	Rev	Author	Line
1	45	Revanth	`## The ZAP ARM Processor (ARMv5T Compatible, FPGA Synthesizable Soft Processor)`
2	26	Revanth
3			`#### Author : Revanth Kamaraj (revanth91kamaraj@gmail.com)`
4
5	43	Revanth	`### Introduction`
6	26	Revanth
7	43	Revanth	`The ZAP processor is a 10 stage pipelined processor for FPGA with support for cache and MMU (ARMv5T compliant).`
8	26	Revanth
9	45	Revanth	`![Wishbone logo](https://wishbone-interconnect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/wishbone_stamp.svg)`
10
11	43	Revanth	`#### Features`
12	26	Revanth
13	43	Revanth	`##### ZAP Processor (zap_top.v)`
14	26	Revanth
15	43	Revanth	`The ZAP core is a pipelined ATMv5T processor for FPGA.`
16	26	Revanth
17	43	Revanth	`\| Property \| Description \|`
18			`\|-----------------------\|-------------------------\|`
19			`\|HDL \| Verilog-2001 \|`
20			`\|Author \| Revanth Kamaraj \|`
21			`\|ARM v5T ISA Support \| Fully compatible \|`
22			`\|Branch Predictor \| Direct mapped bimodal \|`
23			`\|Write Buffer \| Yes \|`
24			`\|Abort Model \| Base Restored \|`
25			`\|Integrated v5T CP15 \| Yes \|`
26			`\|External Coproc. Bus \| No \|`
27			`\|Cache Interface \| 128-Bit custom interface\|`
28			`\|26-Bit Support \| No \|`
29			`\|L1 Code Cache \| Direct mapped virtual \|`
30			`\|L1 Data Cache \| Direct mapped virtual \|`
31			`\|Cache Write Policy \| Writeback \|`
32			`\|L1 Code TLB \| Direct mapped \|`
33			`\|L1 Data TLB \| Direct mapped \|`
34			`\|Bus Interface \| 32-bit Wishbone B3 Linear incrementing burst \|`
35			`\|Cache/TLB Lock Support \| No \|`
36			`\|CP15 Compliance \| v5T (No fine pages) \|`
37			`\|FCSE Support \| Yes \|`
38	26	Revanth
39	43	Revanth	`* 10-stage pipeline design. Pipeline has bypass network to resolve dependencies. Most operations execute at a rate of 1 operation per clock.`
40			`* 2 write ports for the register file to allow LDR/STR with writeback to execute as a single instruction.`
41	26	Revanth
42	43	Revanth	`#### CPU Configuration (zap_top.v)`
43
44			`\| Parameter \| Default\| Description \|`
45			`\|--------------------------\|--------\|-------------\|`
46			`\| BP_ENTRIES \| 1024 \| Branch Predictor Settings. Predictor RAM depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 \|`
47			`\| FIFO_DEPTH \| 4 \| Branch Predictor Settings. Command FIFO depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 \|`
48			`\| STORE_BUFFER_DEPTH \| 16 \| Branch Predictor Settings. Depth of the store buffer. Must be 2^n and > 2 \|`
49			`\| DATA_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES \| 4 \| Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
50			`\| DATA_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES \| 8 \| Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
51			`\| DATA_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES \| 16 \| Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
52			`\| DATA_CACHE_SIZE \| 1024 \| Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n \|`
53			`\| CODE_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES \| 4 \| Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
54			`\| CODE_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES \| 8 \| Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
55			`\| CODE_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES \| 16 \| Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) \|`
56			`\| CODE_CACHE_SIZE \| 1024 \| Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n \|`
57
58			`#### CPU IO Interface (zap_top.v)`
59	26	Revanth
60			`Wishbone B3 compatible 32-bit bus.`
61
62	43	Revanth	`\| Dir \| Size \| Port \| Description \|`
63			`\|---------------\|----------\|--------------------\|----------------------------------\|`
64			`\| input \| \| i_clk \| Clock \|`
65			`\| input \| \| i_reset \| Reset \|`
66			`\| input \| \| i_irq \| Interrupt. Level Sensitive. \|`
67			`\| input \| \| i_fiq \| Fast Interrupt. Level Sensitive.\|`
68			`\| output \| \| o_wb_cyc \| Wishbone B3 Signal \|`
69			`\| output \| \| o_wb_stb \| WIshbone B3 signal \|`
70			`\| output \| [31:0] \| o_wb_adr \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
71			`\| output \| \| o_wb_we \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
72			`\| output \| [31:0] \| o_wb_dat \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
73			`\| output \| [3:0] \| o_wb_sel \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
74			`\| output \| [2:0] \| o_wb_cti \| Wishbone B3 signal. Cycle Type Indicator (Supported modes: Incrementing Burst, End of Burst)\|`
75			`\| output \| [1:0] \| o_wb_bte \| Wishbone B3 signal. Burst Type Indicator (Supported modes: Linear) \|`
76			`\| input \| \| i_wb_ack \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
77			`\| input \| [31:0] \| i_wb_dat \| Wishbone B3 signal. \|`
78			`\| output \| \| o_wb_stb_nxt \| IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. \|`
79			`\| output \| \| o_wb_cyc_nxt \| IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. \|`
80			`\| output \| [31:0] \| o_wb_adr_nxt \| IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. \|`
81	26	Revanth
82
83	43	Revanth	`### Getting Started`
84			`Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/18.04 LTS`
85	26	Revanth
86	43	Revanth	`#### Run Sample Tests`
87	26	Revanth
88	43	Revanth	`Let the variable $test_name hold the name of the test. See the src/ts directory for some basic tests pre-installed. Available test names are: factorial, arm_test, thumb_test, uart. New tests can be added using these as starting templates. Please note that these will be run on the SOC platform (chip_top) that consist of the ZAP processor, 2 x UARTs, a VIC and a timer.`
89	42	Revanth
90	43	Revanth	```bash
91			`sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi binutils-arm-none-eabi gdb openocd iverilog gtkwave make perl xterm`
92			`cd $PROJ_ROOT/src/ts/$test_name # $PROJ_ROOT is the project directory.`
93			`make # Runs the test using IVerilog.`
94			`cd $PROJ_ROOT/obj/ts/$test_name # Switch to object folder.`
95			`gvim zap.log.gz # View the log file`
96			`gtkwave zap.vcd.gz # Exists if selected by Config.cfg. See PDF document for more information.`
97			```
98	44	Revanth	`To use this processor in your SOC, instantiate this top level CPU module in your project: /src/rtl/cpu/zap_top.v`
99	42	Revanth
100	43	Revanth	`### Implementation Specific Details`
101
102			`#### FPGA Timing Performance (Vivado, Retime Enabled)`
103
104			`\| FPGA Part \| Speed \| Critical Path \|`
105			`\|--------------------\|-------\|----------------\|`
106			`\| xc7a35tiftg256-1L \| 80MHz \| Cache access \|`
107
108			`#### Coprocessor #15 Control Registers`
109
110			`##### Register 0 : ID Register`
111
112			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
113			`\|-----\|---------\|------------------------------------------\|`
114			`\|31:0 \| Various \| Processor ID info. \|`
115
116			`##### Register 1 : Control`
117
118			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
119			`\|-----\|-----------\|------------------------------------------\|`
120			`\|0 \| M \| MMU Enable. Active high \|`
121			`\|1 \| A \| Always 0. Alignment check off \|`
122			`\|2 \| D \| Data Cache Enable. Active high \|`
123			`\|3 \| W \| Always 1. Write Buffer always on. \|`
124			`\|4 \| P \| Always 1. RESERVED \|`
125			`\|5 \| D \| Always 1. RESERVED \|`
126			`\|6 \| L \| Always 1. RESERVED \|`
127			`\|7 \| B \| Always 0. Little Endian \|`
128			`\|8 \| S \| The S bit \|`
129			`\|9 \| R \| The R bit \|`
130			`\|11 \| Z \| Always 1. Branch prediction enabled \|`
131			`\|12 \| I \| Instruction Cache Enable. Active high \|`
132			`\|13 \| V \| Normal Exception Vectors. Always 0 \|`
133			`\|14 \| RR \| Always 1. Direct mapped cache. \|`
134			`\|15 \| L4 \| Always 0. Normal behavior. \|`
135
136			`##### Register 2 : Translation Base Address`
137
138			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
139			`\|-----\|-----------\|------------------------------------------\|`
140			`\|13:0 \| M \| Preserve value. \|`
141			`\|31:14\| TTB \| Upper 18-bits of translation address \|`
142
143			`##### Register 3 : Domain Access Control (X=0 to X=15)`
144
145			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
146			`\|---------\|-----------\|------------------------------------------\|`
147			`\|2X+1:2X \| DX \| DX access permission. \|`
148
149			`##### Register 5 : Fault Status Register`
150
151			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
152			`\|-----\|-----------\|------------------------------------------\|`
153			`\|3:0 \| Status \| Status. \|`
154			`\|1:0 \| Domain \| Domain. \|`
155			`\|11:8 \| SBZ \| Always 0. RESERVED \|`
156
157			`##### Register 6 : Fault Address Register`
158
159			`\|Bits \| Name \| Description \|`
160			`\|-----\|-----------\|------------------------------------------\|`
161			`\|31:0 \| Addr \| Fault Address. \|`
162
163			`##### Register 7 : Cache Functions`
164
165			`\| Opcode2 \| CRm \| Description \|`
166			`\|-------------\|-----------------\|-------------------------------------\|`
167			`\| 000 \| 0111 \| Flush all caches. \|`
168			`\| 000 \| 0101 \| Flush I cache. \|`
169			`\| 000 \| 0110 \| Flush D cache. \|`
170			`\| 000 \| 1011 \| Clean all caches. \|`
171			`\| 000 \| 1010 \| Clean D cache. \|`
172			`\| 000 \| 1111 \| Clean and flush all caches. \|`
173			`\| 000 \| 1110 \| Clean and flush D cache. \|`
174			`\| Other \| Other \| Clean and flush ALL caches \|`
175
176
177			`##### Register 8 : TLB Functions`
178
179			`\|Opcode2 \| CRm \| Description \|`
180			`\|--------\|---------------\|-------------------------\|`
181			`\| 000 \| 0111 \| Flush all TLBs \|`
182			`\| 000 \| 0101 \| Flush I TLB \|`
183			`\| 000 \| 0110 \| Flush D TLB \|`
184			`\| Other\| Other \| Flush all TLBs \|`
185
186			`##### Register 13 : FCSE Extentions`
187
188			`\| Field \| Description \|`
189			`\|-------\|-------------\|`
190			`\| 31:25 \| PID \|`
191
192			`##### Lockdown Support`
193			`* CPU memory system does not support lockdown.`
194
195			`##### Tiny Pages`
196			`* No support for tiny pages (1KB).`

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[/] [zap/] [trunk/] [README.md] - Blame information for rev 45