Subversion Repositories forth-cpu

system +order 0  !

.( FORTH META COMPILATION START ) cr

\ ============================================================================

\ # The Meta-Compiler

\

only forth definitions hex

system +order 0  !

variable meta          ( Metacompilation vocabulary )

meta +order definitions

variable assembler.1         ( Target assembler vocabulary )

variable target.1            ( Target dictionary )

variable tcp                 ( Target dictionary pointer )

variable tlast               ( Last defined word in target )

variable tdoVar              ( Location of doVar in target )

variable tdoConst            ( Location of doConst in target )

variable tdoNext             ( Location of doNext in target )

variable tdoPrintString      ( Location of .string in target )

variable tdoStringLit        ( Location of string-literal in target )

variable fence               ( Do not peephole optimize before this point )

5000 constant #target        ( Location where target image will be built )

2    constant =cell          ( Target cell size )

$3A00 constant pad-area      ( area for pad storage )

( 1   constant verbose ( verbosity level, higher is more verbose )

#target 2000 0 fill    ( Erase the target memory location )

: ]asm assembler.1 +order ; immediate    ( -- )

: a: current @ assembler.1 current ! : ; ( "name" -- wid link )

: a; [compile] ; current ! ; immediate   ( wid link -- )

: ( [char] ) parse 2drop ; immediate ( "comment" -- discard until parenthesis )

: \ source drop @ >in ! ; immediate  ( "comment" -- discard until end of line )

: there tcp @ ;                      ( -- a : target dictionary pointer value )

: tc! #target + c! ;                 ( u a -- : store character in target )

: tc@ #target + c@ ;                 ( a -- u : retrieve character in target )

: [last] tlast @ ;                   ( -- a : last defined word in target )

: t! over $FF and over tc! swap 8 rshift swap 1+ tc! ; ( u a -- )

: t@ dup tc@ swap 1+ tc@ 8 lshift or ; ( a -- u )

: 2/ 1 rshift ;                ( u -- u : non-standard definition divide by 2 )

\ : 2* 1 lshift ;                ( u -- u : multiple by two, non-standard )

: talign there 1 and tcp +! ;  ( -- : align target dictionary pointer value )

: tc, there tc! 1 tcp +! ;     ( c -- : write byte into target dictionary )

: t,  there t!  =cell tcp +! ; ( u -- : write cell into target dictionary )

\ : tallot tcp +! ;            ( n -- : allocate memory in target dictionary )

: update-fence there fence ! ; ( -- : update optimizer fence location )

: $literal                     ( , -- )

  [char] " word count dup tc, 1- for count tc, next drop talign update-fence ;

: tcells =cell * ;             ( u -- a )

: tbody 1 tcells + ;           ( a -- a )

: tcfa cfa ;                   ( PWD -- CFA )

: tnfa nfa ;                   ( PWD -- NFA )

: meta! ! ;                    ( u a --  )

: checksum #target there crc ; ( -- u : calculate CRC of target image )

: finished ( -- : save target image and display statistics )

   hex

  ." COMPLETE" cr

  ." HOST:   " here  . cr

  ." TARGET: " there . cr

   only forth definitions hex

   ." SAVING..."  #target #target there + (save) throw ." DONE" cr

   ." STACK>" .s cr ;

: [a] ( "name" -- : find word and compile an assembler word )

  bl word assembler.1 search-wordlist 0= abort" [a]? "

  cfa compile, ; immediate

: asm[ assembler.1 -order ; immediate ( -- )

a: #literal $8000 a; ( literal instruction - top bit set )

a: #alu     $6000 a; ( ALU instruction, further encoding below... )

a: #call    $4000 a; ( function call instruction )

a: #?branch $2000 a; ( branch if zero instruction )

a: #branch  $0000 a; ( unconditional branch )

a: #t      $0000 a; ( T = t )

a: #n      $0100 a; ( T = n )

a: #t+n    $0200 a; ( T = t+n )

a: #t&n    $0300 a; ( T = t&n )

a: #t|n    $0400 a; ( T = t|n )

a: #t^n    $0500 a; ( T = t^n )

a: #~t     $0600 a; ( T = ~t )

a: #t==n   $0700 a; ( T = n == t? )

a: #n

a: #n>>t   $0900 a; ( T = n right shift by t places )

a: #t-1    $0A00 a; ( T == t - 1 )

a: #r      $0B00 a; ( T = Top of Return Stack )

a: #[t]    $0C00 a; ( T = memory[t] )

a: #n<

a: #sp@    $0E00 a; ( T = depth )

a: #nu

a: #cpu!   $1000 a; ( T = set interrupts )

a: #cpu?   $1100 a; ( T = interrupts set? )

a: #rp@    $1200 a; ( T = r-depth )

a: #t==0   $1300 a; ( T = t == 0? )

a: #cpu-id $1400 a; ( T = CPU ID )

\ a: #alu-lit $1500 a; ( T = instruction, hidden )

a: d+1     $0001 or a; ( increment variable stack by one )

a: d-1     $0003 or a; ( decrement variable stack by one )

a: d-2     $0002 or a; ( decrement variable stack by two, not used )

a: r+1     $0004 or a; ( increment variable stack by one )

a: r-1     $000C or a; ( decrement variable stack by one )

a: r-2     $0008 or a; ( decrement variable stack by two, not used )

a: r->pc   $0010 or a; ( Set Program Counter to Top of Return Stack )

a: n->[t]  $0020 or a; ( Set Next on Variable Stack to Top on Variable Stack )

a: t->r    $0040 or a; ( Set Top of Return Stack to Top on Variable Stack )

a: t->n    $0080 or a; ( Set Next on Variable Stack to Top on Variable Stack )

: ?set dup $E000 and abort" argument too large" ; ( u -- )

a: branch  2/ ?set [a] #branch  or t, a; ( a -- : an Unconditional branch )

a: ?branch 2/ ?set [a] #?branch or t, a; ( a -- : Conditional branch )

a: call    2/ ?set [a] #call    or t, a; ( a -- : Function call )

a: ALU        ?set [a] #alu     or    a; ( u -- : Make ALU instruction )

a: alu                    [a] ALU  t, a; ( u -- : ALU operation )

a: literal ( n -- : compile a number into target )

  dup [a] #literal and if   ( numbers above $7FFF take up two instructions )

    invert recurse  ( the number is inverted, and 'literal' is called again )

    [a] #~t [a] alu ( then an invert instruction is compiled into the target )

  else

    [a] #literal or t, ( numbers below $8000 are single instructions )

  then a;

a: return ( -- : Compile a return into the target )

   [a] #t [a] r->pc [a] r-1 [a] alu a;

: previous there =cell - ;                      ( -- a )

: lookback previous t@ ;                        ( -- u )

: call? lookback $E000 and [a] #call = ;        ( -- t )

: call>goto previous dup t@ $1FFF and swap t! ; ( -- )

: fence? fence @  previous u> ;                 ( -- t )

: safe? lookback $E000 and [a] #alu = lookback $001C and 0= and ; ( -- t )

: alu>return previous dup t@ [a] r->pc [a] r-1 swap t! ; ( -- )

: exit-optimize                                 ( -- )

  fence? if [a] return exit then

  call?  if call>goto  exit then

  safe?  if alu>return exit then

  [a] return ;

: exit, exit-optimize update-fence ;            ( -- )

: compile-only tlast @ tnfa t@ $20 or tlast @ tnfa t! ; ( -- )

: immediate    tlast @ tnfa t@ $40 or tlast @ tnfa t! ; ( -- )

: mcreate current @ >r target.1 current ! create r> current ! ;

: thead ( b u -- : compile word header into target dictionary )

  talign

  there [last] t, tlast !

  there #target + pack$ c@ 1+ aligned tcp +! talign ;

: lookahead ( -- b u : parse a word, but leave it in the input stream )

  >in @ >r bl parse r> >in ! ;

: literal [a] literal ;       ( u --  )

: [ ' literal    ! ; ( -- )

: ] ' (literal)  ! ; ( -- )

: h: ( -- : create a word with no name in the target dictionary )

 [compile] [

 $F00D mcreate there , update-fence does> @ [a] call ;

: t: ( "name", -- : creates a word in the target dictionary )

  lookahead thead h: ;

: ?unstructured $F00D xor if source type cr 1 abort" unstructured! " then ;

: fallthrough; [compile] ] ?unstructured ; ( u -- )

: t; fallthrough; exit, ; \ "[a] return" <- unoptimized version

: ;; t; ?unstructured ;

: fetch-xt @ dup 0= abort" (null) " ; ( a -- xt )

: tconstant ( "name", n --, Run Time: -- )

  >r

  lookahead

  thead

  there tdoConst fetch-xt [a] call r> t, >r

  mcreate r> ,

  does> @ tbody t@ [a] literal ;

: tvariable ( "name", n -- , Run Time: -- a )

  >r

  lookahead

  thead

  there tdoVar fetch-xt [a] call r> t, >r

  mcreate r> ,

  does> @ tbody [a] literal ;

: tlocation ( "name", n -- : Reserve space in target for a memory location )

  there swap t, mcreate , does> @ [a] literal ;

: [t] ( "name", -- a : get the address of a target word )

  bl word target.1 search-wordlist 0= abort" [t]?"

  cfa >body @ ;

: [f] ( "name", -- execute word in host Forth vocabulary )

  bl word forth-wordlist search-wordlist 0= abort" [f]?"

  cfa execute ;

: [v] [t] =cell + ; ( "name", -- a )

: xchange ( "name1", "name2", -- : exchange target vocabularies )

  [last] [t] t! [t] t@ tlast meta! ;

: begin  there update-fence ;                ( -- a )

: until  [a] ?branch ;                       ( a -- )

: if     there update-fence 0 [a] ?branch  ; ( -- a )

: skip   there update-fence 0 [a] branch ;   ( -- a )

: then   begin 2/ over t@ or swap t! ;       ( a -- )

: else   skip swap then ;                    ( a -- a )

: while  if swap ;                           ( a -- a a )

: repeat [a] branch then update-fence ;      ( a -- )

: again  [a] branch update-fence ;           ( a -- )

: aft    drop skip begin swap ;              ( a -- a )

: constant mcreate , does> @ literal ;       ( "name", a -- )

: [char] char literal ;                      ( "name" )

: postpone [t] [a] call ;                    ( "name", -- )

: next tdoNext fetch-xt [a] call t, update-fence ; ( a -- )

: exit exit, ;                               ( -- )

: ' [t] literal ;                            ( "name", -- )

: recurse tlast @ tcfa [a] call ;            ( -- )

: ." tdoPrintString fetch-xt [a] call $literal ; ( "string", -- )

: $" tdoStringLit   fetch-xt [a] call $literal ; ( "string", -- )

: nop      ]asm #t                             alu asm[ ;

: dup      ]asm #t      t->n               d+1 alu asm[ ;

: over     ]asm #n      t->n               d+1 alu asm[ ;

: invert   ]asm #~t                            alu asm[ ;

: +        ]asm #t+n                       d-1 alu asm[ ;

: swap     ]asm #n      t->n                   alu asm[ ;

: nip      ]asm #t                         d-1 alu asm[ ;

: drop     ]asm #n                         d-1 alu asm[ ;

: >r       ]asm #n             t->r    r+1 d-1 alu asm[ ;

: r>       ]asm #r      t->n           r-1 d+1 alu asm[ ;

: r@       ]asm #r      t->n               d+1 alu asm[ ;

: @        ]asm #[t]                           alu asm[ ;

: rshift   ]asm #n>>t                      d-1 alu asm[ ;

: lshift   ]asm #n<

: =        ]asm #t==n                      d-1 alu asm[ ;

: u<       ]asm #nu

: <        ]asm #n

: and      ]asm #t&n                       d-1 alu asm[ ;

: xor      ]asm #t^n                       d-1 alu asm[ ;

: or       ]asm #t|n                       d-1 alu asm[ ;

: sp@      ]asm #sp@    t->n               d+1 alu asm[ ;

: 1-       ]asm #t-1                           alu asm[ ;

: rp@      ]asm #rp@    t->n               d+1 alu asm[ ;

: 0=       ]asm #t==0                          alu asm[ ;

: rdrop    ]asm #t                     r-1     alu asm[ ;

\ : 2rdrop ]asm #t                     r-2     alu asm[ ;

\ : rdrop>r ]asm #n            t->r        d-1 alu asm[ ;

: dup>r    ]asm #t             t->r    r+1     alu asm[ ;

: over-and ]asm #t&n                           alu asm[ ;

: over+    ]asm #t+n                           alu asm[ ;

\ : over-xor ]asm #t^n                         alu asm[ ;

: >r-dup   ]asm #n             t->r    r+1     alu asm[ ;

: 2dup=    ]asm #t==n  t->n                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: 2dup<    ]asm #nn                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: 2dupu<   ]asm #nun                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: 2dup-xor ]asm #t^n   t->n                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: store    ]asm #n     n->[t]              d-1 alu asm[ ;

: tuck!    ]asm #t     n->[t]              d-1 alu asm[ ;

: cpu-id   ]asm #cpu-id                    d+1 alu asm[ ;

: cpu!     ]asm #cpu!                      d-1 alu asm[ ;

: cpu?     ]asm #cpu?  t->n                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: dup@     ]asm #[t]   t->n                d+1 alu asm[ ;

: r>rdrop  ]asm #r     t->n            r-2 d+1 alu asm[ ;

: rxchg    ]asm #r             t->r            alu asm[ ;

: nip-nip  ]asm #t                         d-2 alu asm[ ;

: for >r begin ;

: meta: : ;

( : :noname h: ; )

: : t: ;

meta: ; t; ;

hide meta:

hide t:

hide t;

]asm #~t              ALU asm[ constant =invert ( invert instruction )

]asm #t  r->pc    r-1 ALU asm[ constant =exit   ( return/exit instruction )

]asm #n  t->r d-1 r+1 ALU asm[ constant =>r     ( to r. stk. instruction )

$20   constant =bl         ( blank, or space )

$D    constant =cr         ( carriage return )

$A    constant =lf         ( line feed )

$8    constant =bs         ( back space )

$7F   constant =del        ( delete key )

\ $1B   constant =escape     ( escape character )

$50   constant tib-length  ( size of terminal input buffer )

$40   constant word-length ( maximum length of a word )

$40   constant c/l         ( characters per line in a block )

$10   constant l/b         ( lines in a block )

$2BAD constant magic       ( magic number for compiler security )

( Volatile variables )

$3B02 constant last-def    ( last, possibly unlinked, word definition )

$3B06 constant id          ( used for source id )

$3B0A constant handler     ( current handler for throw/catch )

$3B0C constant block-dirty ( -1 if loaded block buffer is modified )

$3B14 constant     ( "accept" vector )

$3B16 constant        ( "tap" vector, for terminal handling )

$3B18 constant       ( c -- : emit character )

$3B1A constant context     ( holds current context for search order )

  ( area for context is #vocs large )

$3B2A constant #tib        ( Current count of terminal input buffer )

$3B2C constant tib-buf     ( ... and address )

$3B2E constant tib-start   ( backup tib-buf value )

$3C00 constant block-buffer ( block buffer is stored here )

$10   constant header-length ( location of length in header )

$12   constant header-crc    ( location of CRC in header )

$14   constant header-options ( location of options bits in header )

target.1         +order ( Add target word dictionary to search order )

meta -order meta +order ( Reorder so *meta* has a higher priority )

system           -order ( Remove system vocabulary to previously accidents )

forth-wordlist   -order ( Remove normal Forth words to prevent accidents )

\ ============================================================================

\ # Start of Image

$0001    t, \ $14: Header options

h: doVar   r> ;    ( -- a : push return address and exit to caller )

h: doConst r> @ ;  ( -- u : push value at return address and exit to caller )

[t] doVar   tdoVar   meta!

[t] doConst tdoConst meta!

pad-area tconstant pad   ( pad variable - offset into temporary storage )

$8       constant  #vocs ( number of vocabularies in allowed )

$2       tconstant cell  ( size of a cell in bytes )

$400     tconstant b/buf ( size of a block )

$0       tvariable >in   ( Hold character pointer when parsing input )

1        tlocation seed1 ( PRNG seed; never set to zero )

1        tlocation seed2 ( PRNG seed; never set to zero )

$0       tvariable state ( compiler state variable )

$0       tvariable hld   ( Pointer into hold area for numeric output )

$A       tvariable base  ( Current output radix )

$0       tvariable span  ( Hold character count received by expect   )

$FFFF    tvariable dpl   ( number of places after fraction )

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

( : nop    nop      ; ( -- : do nothing )

: cpu-id  cpu-id    ; ( -- u : returns CPU ID )

: cpu?    cpu?      ; ( -- u : returns CPU status )

: cpu!    cpu!      ; ( u -- : sets CPU status )

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

: dup      dup      ; ( n -- n n : duplicate value on top of stack )

: over     over     ; ( n1 n2 -- n1 n2 n1 : duplicate second value on stack )

: invert   invert   ; ( u -- u : bitwise invert of value on top of stack )

: +        +        ; ( u u -- u : addition without carry )

: swap     swap     ; ( n1 n2 -- n2 n1 : swap two values on stack )

: nip      nip      ; ( n1 n2 -- n2 : remove second item on stack )

: drop     drop     ; ( n -- : remove item on stack )

: @        @        ; ( a -- u : load value at address )

: !        store drop ; ( u a -- : store *u* at address *a* )

: rshift   rshift   ; ( u1 u2 -- u : shift u2 by u1 places to the right )

: lshift   lshift   ; ( u1 u2 -- u : shift u2 by u1 places to the left )

: =        =        ; ( u1 u2 -- t : does u2 equal u1? )

: u<       u<       ; ( u1 u2 -- t : is u2 less than u1 )

: <        <        ; ( u1 u2 -- t : is u2 less than u1, signed version )

: and      and      ; ( u u -- u : bitwise and )

: xor      xor      ; ( u u -- u : bitwise exclusive or )

: or       or       ; ( u u -- u : bitwise or )

: 1-       1-       ; ( u -- u : decrement top of stack )

: 0=       0=       ; ( u -- t : if top of stack equal to zero )

: sp@      sp@      ; ( -- u : stack position [equivalent to depth] )

there constant inline-start

( : rp@ rp@   fallthrough; compile-only ( -- u )

: exit  exit  fallthrough; compile-only ( -- )

: >r    >r    fallthrough; compile-only ( u --, R: -- u )

: r>    r>    fallthrough; compile-only ( -- u, R: u -- )

: r@    r@    fallthrough; compile-only ( -- u )

: rdrop rdrop fallthrough; compile-only ( --, R: u -- )

there constant inline-end

\ ============================================================================

\ # Core Words

( 0        tvariable hidden  ( vocabulary for hidden words )

h: [-1] -1 ;                 ( -- -1 : space saving measure, push -1 )

h: 0x8000 $8000 ;            ( -- $8000 : space saving measure, push $8000 )

h: 2drop-0 drop fallthrough; ( n n -- 0 )

h: drop-0 drop fallthrough;  ( n -- 0 )

h: 0x0000 $0000 ;            ( -- $0000 : space/optimization, push $0000 )

h: state@ state @ ;          ( -- u )

h: first-bit 1 and ;         ( u -- u )

h: in@ >in @ ;               ( -- u )

h: base@ base @ ;            ( -- u )

h: hld@ hld @ ;              ( -- u )

h: blk-@ blk @ ;

h: ?exit if rdrop exit then ; ( u --, R: xt -- xt| : conditional return )

: 2drop drop drop ;         ( n n -- )

: 1+ 1 + ;                  ( n -- n : increment a value  )

: negate 1- invert ;        ( n -- n : negate a number )

: - negate + ;              ( n1 n2 -- n : subtract n1 from n2 )

h: over- over - ;           ( u u -- u u )

: aligned dup first-bit + ; ( b -- a )

h: cell- cell - ;           ( a -- a : adjust address to previous cell )

: cell+  cell + ;           ( a -- a : move address forward to next cell )

: cells 1 lshift ;          ( n -- n : convert cells count to address count )

: chars 1 rshift ;          ( n -- n : convert bytes to number of cells )

: ?dup dup if dup exit then ; ( n -- 0 | n n : duplicate non zero value )

: >  swap  < ;              ( n1 n2 -- t : signed greater than, n1 > n2 )

: u> swap u< ;              ( u1 u2 -- t : unsigned greater than, u1 > u2 )

:  <>  = invert ;           ( n n -- t : not equal )

: 0<> 0= invert ;           ( n n -- t : not equal  to zero )

: 0> 0 > ;                  ( n -- t : greater than zero? )

: 0< 0 < ;                  ( n -- t : less than zero? )

: 2dup over over ;          ( n1 n2 -- n1 n2 n1 n2 )

: tuck swap over ;          ( n1 n2 -- n2 n1 n2 )

: +! tuck @ +  fallthrough; ( n a -- : increment value at *a* by *n* )

h: swap! swap ! ;           ( a u -- )

h: zero 0 swap! ;           ( a -- : zero value at address )

: 1+!   1  h: s+! swap +! ;; ( a -- : increment value at address by 1 )

: 1-! [-1] s+! ;            ( a -- : decrement value at address by 1 )

: 2! ( d a -- ) tuck! cell+ ! ;      ( n n a -- )

: 2@ ( a -- d ) dup cell+ @ swap @ ;  ( a -- n n )

h: get-current current @ ;            ( -- wid )

: bl =bl ;                            ( -- c )

: within over- >r - r> u< ;           ( u lo hi -- t )

h: s>d dup 0< ;                       ( n -- d )

: abs s>d if negate exit then ;       ( n -- u )

: source #tib 2@ ;                    ( -- a u )

h: tib source drop ;                  ( -- a )

: source-id id @ ;                    ( -- 0 | -1 )

: rot >r swap r> swap ;               ( n1 n2 n3 -- n2 n3 n1 )

: -rot rot rot ;                      ( n1 n2 n3 -- n3 n1 n2 )

h: rot-drop rot drop ;                ( n1 n2 n3 -- n2 n3 )

h: d0= or 0= ;                        ( d -- t )

( : 2swap >r -rot r> -rot ; ( n1 n2 n3 n4 -- n3 n4 n1 n2 )

( : d< rot   )

(     2dup   )

(     > if = nip-nip if 0 exit then [-1] exit then 2drop u< ; ( d -- f )

( : d>  2swap d< ;                    ( d -- t )

( : du> 2swap du< ;                   ( d -- t )

( : d=  rot = -rot = and ;            ( d d -- t )

( : d- dnegate d+ ;                   ( d d -- d )

( : dabs  s>d if dnegate exit then ;  ( d -- ud )

( : even first-bit 0= ;               ( u -- t )

( : odd even 0= ;                     ( u -- t )

( : pow2? dup dup 1- and 0= and ;     ( u -- u|0 : is u a power of 2? )

( : opposite? xor 0< ;                ( n n -- f : true if opposite signs )

: execute >r ;                   ( cfa -- : execute a function )

h: @execute @ ?dup if execute exit then ;  ( cfa -- )

: c@ dup@ swap first-bit 3 lshift rshift h: lsb $FF and ;; ( b--c: char load )

: c! ( c b -- : store character at address )

  tuck first-bit 3 lshift dup>r swap lsb swap

  lshift over @

  $FF r> 8 xor lshift and or swap! ;

: here cp @ ;                         ( -- a )

: align here fallthrough;             ( -- )

h: cp! aligned cp ! ;                 ( n -- )

: allot cp +! ;                       ( n -- )

h: 2>r rxchg swap >r >r ;        ( u1 u2 --, R: -- u1 u2 )

h: 2r> r> r> swap rxchg nop ;    ( -- u1 u2, R: u1 u2 -- )

h: doNext 2r> ?dup if 1- >r @ >r exit then cell+ >r ;

[t] doNext tdoNext meta!

: min 2dup< fallthrough;              ( n n -- n )

h: mux if drop exit then nip ;        ( n1 n2 b -- n : multiplex operation )

: max 2dup > mux ;                    ( n n -- n )

( : 2over 2>r 2dup 2r> 2swap ; )

( : 2nip 2>r 2drop 2r> nop ; )

( : 4dup 2over 2over ; )

( : dmin 4dup d< if 2drop exit else 2nip ; )

( : dmax 4dup d> if 2drop exit else 2nip ; )

\ : um+ ( w w -- w carry )

\       over over+ >r

\       r@ 0 < invert >r

\       over over-and

\       0 < r> or >r

\       or 0 < r> and 1- invert

\       r> swap ;

\ h: upivot ( u1 u2 -- min max ) 2dupu< if exit then swap ;

: um+ 2dupu< 0= if swap then over+ swap over swap u< 1 and ; ( u u -- u carry )

h: dnegate invert >r invert 1 um+ r> + ; ( d -- d )

h: d+ >r swap >r um+ r> + r> + ;         ( d d -- d )

: um* ( u u -- ud )

        for dup um+ >r >r-dup um+ r> + r>

                if >r over um+ r> + then

        next rot drop ;

: *    um* drop ;            ( n n -- n )

h: rp! ( n -- , R: ??? -- ??? : set the return stack pointer )

        r> swap begin dup rp@ = 0= while rdrop repeat drop >r ;

: key?  @execute ;                   ( -- c -1 | 0 )

: key begin key? until ;                  ( -- c )

: /string over min rot over+ -rot - ;  ( b u1 u2 -- b u : advance string u2 )

h: +string 1 /string ;                 ( b u -- b u : )

: count dup 1+ swap c@ ;               ( b -- b u )

h: string@ over c@ ;                   ( b u -- b u c )

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

h: lshift-xor lshift xor ;

h: rshift-xor rshift xor ;

: crc ( b u -- u : calculate ccitt-ffff CRC )

  [-1] ( -1 = 0xffff ) >r

  begin

    ?dup

  while

   string@ r> swap

     ( CCITT polynomial $1021, or "x16 + x12 + x5 + 1" )

     over $8 rshift-xor ( crc x )

     dup  $4 rshift-xor ( crc x )

     dup  $5 lshift-xor ( crc x )

     dup  $C lshift-xor ( crc x )

     swap $8 lshift-xor ( crc )

   >r +string

  repeat r> nip ;

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

h: last get-current @ ;         ( -- pwd )

h: echo  @execute ;              ( c -- )

: emit  @execute ;               ( c -- : write out a char )

: cr =cr emit =lf emit ;               ( -- : emit a newline )

: space     1 fallthrough;             ( -- : emit a space )

h: spaces =bl fallthrough;             ( +n -- )

h: nchars                              ( +n c -- : emit c n times )

   swap 0 max for aft dup emit then next drop ;

h: colon-space [char] : emit space ;   ( -- )

\ This version of pick mashes the return stack for large pick depths, an

\ alternative would be to move non-destructively up and down the stack with

\ special instructions.

( vn...v0 u -- vn...v0 vu )

: pick ?dup if swap >r 1- pick r> swap exit then dup ;

h: ndrop for aft drop then next ;

h: >char dup $7F =bl within if drop [char] _ then ; ( c -- c )

: type 0 fallthrough;                  ( b u -- )

h: typist                              ( b u f -- : print a string )

  >r begin dup while

    swap count r@

    if

      >char

    then

    emit

    swap 1-

  repeat

  rdrop 2drop ;

h: $type [-1] typist ;                   ( b u --  )

: cmove for aft >r-dup c@ r@ c! 1+ r> 1+ then next 2drop ; ( b b u -- )

: fill  swap for swap aft 2dup c! 1+ then next 2drop ;     ( b u c -- )

: catch  ( xt -- exception# | 0 : return addr on stack )

  sp@ >r        ( xt : save data stack depth )

  handler @ >r  ( xt : and previous handler )

  rp@ handler ! ( xt : set current handler )

  execute       (      execute returns if no throw )

  r> handler !  (      restore previous handler )

  rdrop         (      discard saved stack ptr )

  0x0000 ;      ( 0  : normal completion )

: throw  ( ??? exception# -- ??? exception# )

  ?dup if ( exc# \ 0 throw is no-op )

    handler @ rp! ( exc# : restore prev return stack )

    r> handler !  ( exc# : restore prev handler )

    rxchg         ( saved-sp : exc# on return stack )

    sp@ swap - ndrop r>   ( exc# : restore stack )

    ( return to the caller of catch because return )

    ( stack is restored to the state that existed )

    ( when catch began execution )

  then ;

h: -throw negate throw ;  ( u -- : negate and throw )

[t] -throw 2/ 4 tcells t!

: um/mod ( ud u -- ur uq )

  ?dup 0= if $A -throw exit then

  2dupu<

  if negate $F

    for >r-dup um+ >r >r-dup um+ r> + dup

      r> r@ swap >r um+ r> or

      if >r drop 1 + r> else drop then r>

    next

    drop swap exit

  then 2drop drop [-1] dup ;

: m/mod ( d n -- r q ) \ floored division

  dup 0< dup>r

  if

    negate >r dnegate r>

  then

  >r-dup 0< if r@ + then r> um/mod r>

  if swap negate swap exit then ;

\ : */ >r um* r> m/mod nip ; ( n n n -- )

: /mod  over 0< swap m/mod ; ( n n -- r q )

: mod  /mod drop ;           ( n n -- r )

: /    /mod nip ;            ( n n -- q )

h: 1depth 1 fallthrough; ( ??? -- : check depth is at least one )

h: ?depth dup 0= if drop exit then sp@ 1- u> if 4 -throw exit then ; ( u -- )

: decimal  $A fallthrough;  ( -- : set base to decimal )

h: base!  base ! ;          ( u -- : set base )

: hex     $10 base! ;                      ( -- )

\ h: radix base@ dup 2 - $23 u< ?exit decimal $28 -throw ; ( -- u )

: hold hld@ 1- dup hld ! c! hld@ pad $80 - u> ?exit $11 -throw ; ( c -- )

h: extract dup>r um/mod rxchg um/mod r> rot ;  ( ud ud -- ud u )

h: digit 9 over < 7 and + [char] 0 + ;         ( u -- c )

: #> 2drop hld@ pad over- ;                ( w -- b u )

: #  2 ?depth 0 base@ extract digit hold ;  ( d -- d )

: #s begin # 2dup d0= until ;               ( d -- 0 )

: <# pad hld ! ;                            ( -- )

: sign 0< 0= ?exit [char] - hold ; ( n -- )

h: (.) ( n -- b u : convert a signed integer to a numeric string )

  dup>r abs 0 <# #s r> sign #> ;

h: (u.) 0 <# #s #> ;             ( u -- b u : turn *u* into number string )

: u.r >r (u.) r> fallthrough;    ( u +n -- : print u right justified by +n)

h: adjust over- spaces type ;    ( b n n -- )

h: d5u.r dup fallthrough;        ( u -- u )

h: 5u.r space 5 u.r space ;      ( u -- )

( :  .r >r (.)( r> adjust ;      ( n n -- : print n, right justified by +n )

: u.  (u.) h: blt space type ;;  ( u -- : print unsigned number )

:  .  (.) blt ;                  ( n -- print number )

( : >base swap base @ >r base ! execute r> base ! ; )

( : d. $a  '  . >base ; )

( : h. $10 ' u. >base ; )

h: adown cell negate and ; ( a -- a : align down )

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

: pack$ ( b u a -- a ) \ null fill

  aligned dup>r over

  dup adown

  - over+ zero 2dup c! 1+ swap ( 2dup 0 fill ) cmove r> ;

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

: compare ( a1 u1 a2 u2 -- n : string equality )

  rot

  over- ?dup if >r 2drop r> nip exit then

  for ( a1 a2 )

    aft

      count rot count rot - ?dup

      if rdrop nip-nip exit then

    then

  next 2drop-0 ;

h: ^h ( bot eot cur -- bot eot cur )

  >r over r@ < dup

  if

    =bs dup echo =bl echo echo

  then r> + ;

h: tap dup echo over c! 1+ ; ( bot eot cur c -- bot eot cur )

h: delete? dup =bs = swap =del = or 0= ; ( c -- t : delete key pressed? )

h: ktap                                  ( bot eot cur c -- bot eot cur )

 dup =cr xor

 if delete? \ =bs xor

   if =bl tap exit then ^h exit

 then drop nip dup ;

\ h: ktap? dup =bl - $5F u< swap =del xor and ; ( c -- t : possible ktap? )

: accept ( b u -- b u )

  over+ over

  begin

    2dup-xor

  while

    key dup =bl - $5F u< if tap else  @execute then

  repeat drop over- ;

: expect  @execute span ! drop ;   ( b u -- )

: query tib tib-length  @execute #tib ! drop-0 fallthrough;

h: in! >in ! ;                             ( u -- )

h: word.count count fallthrough; ( nfa -- u : get a words length )

h: word.length $1F and ;

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

: nfa cell+ ; ( pwd -- nfa : move to name field address)

: cfa nfa dup c@ word.length + cell+ adown ; ( pwd -- cfa )

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

h: .id nfa word.count type space ; ( pwd -- : print out a word )

h: immediate? nfa $40 fallthrough; ( pwd -- t : is word immediate? )

h: set? swap @ and 0<> ;           ( a u -- t : is any of 'u' set? )

h: compile-only? nfa $20 set? ;    ( pwd -- t : is word compile only? )

h: inline? inline-start inline-end within ; ( pwd -- t : is word inline? )

h: (search-wordlist) ( a wid -- PWD PWD 1|PWD PWD -1|0 a 0: find word in WID )

  swap >r-dup

  begin

    dup

  while

    dup nfa count $9F ( $1F:word-length + $80:hidden ) and r@ count compare 0=

    if ( found! )

      rdrop

      dup immediate? 1 or negate exit

    then

    nip dup@

  repeat

  rdrop 2drop-0 ;

h: (find) ( a -- pwd pwd 1 | pwd pwd -1 | 0 a 0 : find a word dictionary )

  >r

  context

  begin

    dup@

  while

    dup@ @ r@ swap (search-wordlist) ?dup

    if

      >r rot-drop r>rdrop exit

    then

    cell+

  repeat drop-0 r> 0x0000 ;

: search-wordlist (search-wordlist) rot-drop ; ( a wid -- PWD 1|PWD -1|a 0 )

: find ( a -- pwd 1 | pwd -1 | a 0 : find a word in the dictionary )

  (find) rot-drop ;

h: digit? ( c base -- u f )

  >r [char] 0 - 9 over <

  if

    7 -

    dup $A < or

  then dup r> u< ;

: >number ( ud b u -- ud b u : convert string to number )

  begin

    ( get next character )

    2dup 2>r drop c@ base@ digit?

    0= if                                 ( d char )

      drop                                ( d char -- d )

      2r>                                 ( restore string )

      nop exit                            ( ..exit )

    then                                  ( d char )

    swap base@ um* drop rot base@ um* d+  ( accumulate digit )

    2r>                                   ( restore string )

    +string dup 0=                         ( advance string and test for end )

  until ;

h: number? ( a u -- d -1 | a u 0 )

  [-1] dpl !

  base@ >r

  string@ [char] - = dup>r if     +string then

  string@ [char] $ =       if hex +string then

  2>r 0 dup 2r>

  begin

    >number dup

  while string@ [char] .  ( fsp @ ) xor

    if rot-drop rot r> 2drop-0 r> base! exit then

    1- dpl ! 1+ dpl @

  repeat 2drop r> if dnegate then r> base! [-1] ;

h: -trailing ( b u -- b u : remove trailing spaces )

  for

    aft =bl over r@ + c@ <

      if r> 1+ exit then

    then

  next 0x0000 ;

h: lookfor ( b u c xt -- b u : skip until *xt* test succeeds )

  swap >r -rot

  begin

    dup

  while

    string@ r@ - r@ =bl = 4 pick execute

    if rdrop rot-drop exit then

    +string

  repeat rdrop rot-drop ;

h: no-match if 0> exit then 0<> ; ( n f -- t )

h: match no-match invert ;        ( n f -- t )

h: parser ( b u c -- b u delta )

  >r over r> swap 2>r

  r@ ' no-match lookfor 2dup

  r> ' match    lookfor swap r> - >r - r> 1+ ;

: parse ( c -- b u ;  )

   >r tib in@ + #tib @ in@ - r@ parser >in +!

   r> =bl = if -trailing then 0 max ;

: ) ; immediate ( -- : do nothing )

:  ( [char] ) parse 2drop ; immediate \ ) ( parse until matching paren )

: .( [char] ) parse type ; ( print out text until matching parenthesis )

: \ #tib @ in! ; immediate ( comment until new line )

h: ?length dup word-length u< ?exit $13 -throw ;

: word 1depth parse ?length here pack$ ; ( c -- a ;  )

h: token =bl word ;                      ( -- a )

: char token count drop c@ ;             ( -- c;  )

h: ?dictionary dup $3B00 u< ?exit 8 -throw ;

: , here dup cell+ ?dictionary cp! ! ; ( u -- : store *u* in dictionary )

: 2, , , ;                             ( u u -- )

: c, here ?dictionary c! cp 1+! ;      ( c -- : store *c* in the dictionary )

h: doLit 0x8000 or , ;                 ( n+ -- : compile literal )

: literal ( n -- : write a literal into the dictionary )

  dup 0x8000 and ( n > $7FFF ? )

  if

    invert doLit =invert , exit ( store inversion of n the invert it )

  then

  doLit ; compile-only immediate ( turn into literal, write into dictionary )

h: make-callable chars $4000 or ;    ( cfa -- instruction )

: compile, make-callable , ;         ( cfa -- : compile a code field address )

h: $compile dup inline? if cfa @ , exit then cfa compile, ; ( pwd -- )

h: not-found source type $D -throw ; ( -- : throw 'word not found' )

h: ?compile dup compile-only? 0= ?exit source type $E -throw ;

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

: (literal) state@ 0= ?exit postpone literal ; ( u -- u | )

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

: interpret ( ??? a -- ??? : The command/compiler loop )

  \ dup count type space ( <- for tracing the parser )

  find ?dup if

    state@

    if

      0> if cfa execute exit then \ <- immediate word are executed

      $compile exit               \ <- compiling word are...compiled.

    then

    drop ?compile     \ <- check it's not a compile only word word

    cfa execute exit  \ <- if its not, execute it, then exit *interpreter*

  then

  \ not a word

  dup>r count number? if rdrop \ it's a number!

    dpl @ 0< if \ <- dpl will -1 if its a single cell number

       drop     \ drop high cell from 'number?' for single cell output

    else        \ <- dpl is not -1, it's a double cell number

       state@ if swap then

        @execute \  is executed twice if it's a double

    then

     @execute exit

  then

  r> not-found ; \ not a word/number, it's an error! NB. We could vector this

: compile  r> dup@ , cell+ >r ; compile-only ( --:Compile next compiled word )

: immediate $40 last nfa fallthrough; ( -- : previous word immediate )

h: toggle tuck @ xor swap! ;        ( u a -- : xor value at addr with u )

h: count+ count + ;         ( b -- b : advance address over counted string )

h: do$ 2r> dup count+ aligned >r swap >r ; ( -- a )

h: string-literal do$ nop ; ( -- a : do string NB. nop to fool optimizer )

h: .string do$ fallthrough; ( -- : print string  )

h: print count type ;                    ( b -- )

[t] .string        tdoPrintString meta!

[t] string-literal tdoStringLit   meta!

( , --, Run: -- b )

: $" compile string-literal fallthrough; immediate compile-only

h: parse-string [char] " word count+ cp! ; ( ccc" -- )

: ." compile .string parse-string ; immediate compile-only ( , -- )

: abort [-1] throw ;                                    ( -- )

h: ?abort swap if print cr abort exit then drop ;              ( u a -- )

h: (abort) do$ ?abort ;                                        ( -- )

: abort" compile (abort) parse-string ; immediate compile-only ( u -- )

\ See:

\ 

\

\ For a super tiny N-bit PRNG use; "x+=(x*x) | 5;", you can only use the

\ highest bit however.

\ See: 

: random

  seed1 @ dup 5 lshift-xor

  seed2 @ seed1 !

  dup 3 rshift-xor

  seed2 @ dup 1 rshift-xor xor dup seed2 !  ;

h: 40ns begin dup while 1- repeat drop ; ( n -- : wait for 'n'*40ns + 30us )

: ms for 25000 40ns next ; ( n -- : wait for 'n' milliseconds )

\ ============================================================================

\ # I/O wordset

xchange _forth-wordlist _system

: segments! $400E ! ; ( u -- : write to 4 7-segment hex displays )

: led!      $4006 ! ; ( u -- : write to 8 LEDs )

: switches  $4006 @ ; ( -- u : retrieve switch on/off for 8 switches )

: timer!    $4004 ! ; ( u -- : set timer and timer control )

: timer     $4004 @ ; ( -- u : get timer and timer control )

\ NB. Perhaps this could be vectored?

h: (irq)

  ( cpu? 0 cpu! )

  switches led!

   #irq dup@ segments! 1+!

  ( cpu! ) ;

[t] (irq) 2/ $C t!

: irq $0040 $4010 ! [-1] timer! 1 cpu! ;

\ FIFO: Write Read Enable after Read

\ h: uart? ( uart-register -- c -1 | 0 : generic UART input functions )

\ dup@ $0100 and if drop 0x0000 exit then dup@ $FF and swap $0400 swap! [-1] ;

\ FIFO: Write Read Enable before Read

h: uart? ( uart-register -- c -1 | 0 : generic UART input functions )

 dup@ $0100 and if drop-0 exit then dup $0400 swap! @ lsb [-1] ;

: rx?  $4000 uart? if [-1] exit then $4002 uart? ; ( -- c -1|0: rx uart/ps2 )

h: uart! ( c uart-register -- )

        begin dup@ $1000 and 0= until swap $2000 or swap! ;

: tx! dup $4002 uart! ( VGA/VT-100 ) $4000 uart! ( UART )  ;

h: (ok) state@ if cr exit then ."  ok" cr ;  ( -- : default state aware prompt )

h: preset tib-start #tib cell+ ! 0 in! id zero ;  ( -- : reset input )

: io! \ preset

  ( 115200 / 9600 )

  $35    ( $28B ) $4012 ! ( set TX baud rate - 54 )

  $34    ( $28A ) $4014 ! ( set RX baud rate - 53, hack! )

  $8080 $4016 ! ( set UART control register; 8 bits, 1 stop, no parity )

  fallthrough;  ( -- : initialize I/O )

h: console ' rx?  ! ' tx!  ! fallthrough;

h: hand

   ' (ok)

   ' emit ' ktap

   fallthrough;

h: xio  ' accept  !  !  !  ! ;

h: pace [char] . emit ;

: file ' pace ' drop ' ktap xio ;

\ ============================================================================

\ # Evaluation, Control Structures and Vocabulary Words

\ h: pace 11 emit ;

\ : file ' pace ' drop ' ktap xio ;

xchange _system _forth-wordlist

: ] [-1] state !    ;                                ( -- : compile mode )

: [      state zero ; immediate                      ( -- : command mode )

h: empty sp@ ndrop ; ( 0..n -- : empty variable stack )

h: ?error ( n -- : perform actions on error )

  ?dup 0= ?exit

  .             ( print error number )

  [char] ? emit ( print '?' )

  cr            ( and terminate the line )

  empty         ( empty the variable stack )

  fallthrough;

h: prequit      ( perform actions needed to start 'quit' off )

  preset        ( reset I/O streams )

  postpone [ ;  ( back into interpret mode )

h: eval ( -- : evaluation loop, get token, evaluate, loop, prompt )

  begin

    token dup c@

  while

    interpret 0 ?depth

  repeat drop  @execute ;

: quit prequit begin query ' eval catch ?error again ;

h: get-input source in@ source-id  @ ; ( -- n1...n5 )

h: set-input  ! id ! in! #tib 2! ;     ( n1...n5 -- )

: evaluate ( a u -- )

  get-input 2>r 2>r >r

  ' eval catch

  r> 2r> 2r> set-input

  throw ;

h: ?check ( magic-number -- : check for magic number on the stack )

   magic = ?exit $16 -throw ;

h: ?unique ( a -- a : print a message if a word definition is not unique )

  dup get-current (search-wordlist) 0= ?exit

    ( source type )

  space

  2drop last-def @ .id ." redefined" cr ;

h: ?nul ( b -- : check for zero length strings )

   dup c@ ?exit $A -throw ;

h: find-token token find fallthrough; ( -- pwd,   )

h: ?not-found ?exit not-found ;       ( t -- )

h: find-cfa find-token cfa ;          ( -- xt,  )

: ' find-cfa state@ if postpone literal exit then ; immediate

: [compile] find-cfa compile, ; immediate compile-only  ( --,  )

: [char] char postpone literal ; immediate compile-only ( --,  )

: ; ?check =exit , postpone [ ( -- wid )

( h: get-current! ) ?dup if get-current ! exit then ;  immediate compile-only

: : align here dup last-def ! ( "name", -- colon-sys )

  last , token ?nul ?unique count+ cp! magic postpone ] ;

: begin here    ; immediate compile-only ( -- a )

: again chars , ; immediate compile-only ( a -- )

: until $4000 or postpone again ; immediate compile-only ( a --, NB. again !? )

h: here-0 here 0x0000 ;

h: >mark here-0 postpone again ;

: if here-0 postpone until ; immediate compile-only

( : unless ' 0= compile, postpone if ; immediate compile-only )

: then fallthrough; immediate compile-only

h: >resolve here chars over @ or swap! ;

: else >mark swap >resolve ; immediate compile-only

: while postpone if ; immediate compile-only

: repeat swap postpone again postpone then ; immediate compile-only

h: last-cfa last-def @ cfa ;  ( -- u )