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<<<
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:sectnums:
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== Uploading and Starting of a Binary Executable Image via UART
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Follow this guide to use the bootloader to upload an executable via UART.
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[NOTE]
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This concept uses the default "Indirect Boot" scenario that uses the bootloader to upload new executables.
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See datasheet section https://stnolting.github.io/neorv32/#_indirect_boot[Indirect Boot] for more information.
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[IMPORTANT]
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If your FPGA board does not provide such an interface - don't worry!
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Section <<_installing_an_executable_directly_into_memory>> shows how to
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run custom programs on your FPGA setup without having a UART.
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[start=1]
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. Connect the primary UART (UART0) interface of your FPGA board to a serial port of your host computer.
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. Start a terminal program. In this tutorial, I am using TeraTerm for Windows. You can download it for free
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from https://ttssh2.osdn.jp/index.html.en . On Linux you could use `cutecom` (recommended) or `GTKTerm`,
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which you can get here https://github.com/Jeija/gtkterm.git (or install via your package manager).
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[IMPORTANT]
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_Any_ terminal program that can connect to a serial port should work. However, make sure the program
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can transfer data in _raw_ byte mode without any protocol overhead around it. Some terminal programs struggle with
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transmitting files larger than 4kB (see https://github.com/stnolting/neorv32/pull/215). Try a different program
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if uploading a binary does not work (terminal stall).
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[start=3]
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. Open a connection to the the serial port your UART is connected to. Configure the terminal setting according to the
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following parameters:
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* 19200 Baud
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* 8 data bits
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* 1 stop bit
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* no parity bits
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* _no_ transmission/flow control protocol
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* receiver (host computer) newline on `\r\n` (carriage return & newline)
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[start=4]
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. Also make sure that single chars are send from your computer _without_ any consecutive "new line" or "carriage
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return" commands (this is highly dependent on your terminal application of choice, TeraTerm only
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sends the raw chars by default).
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. Press the NEORV32 reset button to restart the bootloader. The status LED starts blinking and the
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bootloader intro screen appears in your console. Hurry up and press any key (hit space!) to abort the
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automatic boot sequence and to start the actual bootloader user interface console.
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.Bootloader console; aborted auto-boot sequence
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[source,bash]
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----
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<< NEORV32 Bootloader >>
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BLDV: Feb 16 2022
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HWV: 0x01060709
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CLK: 0x05f5e100
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ISA: 0x40901107 + 0xc000068b
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SOC: 0x7b7f402f
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IMEM: 0x00008000 bytes @0x00000000
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DMEM: 0x00004000 bytes @0x80000000
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Autoboot in 8s. Press any key to abort.
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Aborted.
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Available commands:
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h: Help
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r: Restart
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u: Upload
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s: Store to flash
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l: Load from flash
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e: Execute
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CMD:>
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----
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[start=6]
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. Execute the "Upload" command by typing `u`. Now the bootloader is waiting for a binary executable to be send.
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[source,bash]
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----
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CMD:> u
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Awaiting neorv32_exe.bin...
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----
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[start=7]
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. Use the "send file" option of your terminal program to send a NEORV32 executable (`neorv32_exe.bin`).
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. Again, make sure to transmit the executable in raw binary mode (no transfer protocol).
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When using TeraTerm, select the "binary" option in the send file dialog.
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. If everything went fine, OK will appear in your terminal:
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[source,bash]
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----
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CMD:> u
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Awaiting neorv32_exe.bin... OK
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----
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[start=10]
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. The executable is now in the instruction memory of the processor. To execute the program right
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now run the "Execute" command by typing `e`:
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[source,bash]
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----
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CMD:> u
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Awaiting neorv32_exe.bin... OK
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CMD:> e
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Booting...
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Blinking LED demo program
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----
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[start=11]
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. If everything went fine, you should see the LEDs blinking.
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[NOTE]
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The bootloader will print error codes if something went wrong.
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See section https://stnolting.github.io/neorv32/#_bootloader[Bootloader] of the NEORV32 datasheet for more information.
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[TIP]
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See section <<_programming_an_external_spi_flash_via_the_bootloader>> to learn how to use an external SPI
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flash for nonvolatile program storage.
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[TIP]
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Executables can also be uploaded via the **on-chip debugger**.
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See section <<_debugging_with_gdb>> for more information.
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