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## The ZAP ARM Processor (ARMv5T Compatible, FPGA Synthesizable Soft Processor)
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#### Author        : Revanth Kamaraj (revanth91kamaraj@gmail.com)
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### Introduction
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The ZAP processor is a 10 stage pipelined processor for FPGA with support for cache and MMU (ARMv5T compliant).
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![Wishbone logo](https://wishbone-interconnect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/wishbone_stamp.svg)
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#### Features
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##### ZAP Processor (zap_top.v)
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The ZAP core is a pipelined ATMv5T processor for FPGA.
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| Property              | Description             |
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|-----------------------|-------------------------|
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|HDL                    | Verilog-2001            |
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|Author                 | Revanth Kamaraj         |
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|ARM v5T ISA Support    | Fully compatible        |
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|Branch Predictor       | Direct mapped bimodal   |
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|Write Buffer           | Yes                     |
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|Abort Model            | Base Restored           |
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|Integrated v5T CP15    | Yes                     |
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|External Coproc. Bus   | No                      |
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|Cache Interface        | 128-Bit custom interface|
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|26-Bit Support         | No                      |
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|L1 Code Cache          | Direct mapped virtual   |
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|L1 Data Cache          | Direct mapped virtual   |
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|Cache Write Policy     | Writeback               |
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|L1 Code TLB            | Direct mapped           |
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|L1 Data TLB            | Direct mapped           |
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|Bus Interface          | 32-bit Wishbone B3 Linear incrementing burst |
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|Cache/TLB Lock Support | No                      |
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|CP15 Compliance        | v5T (No fine pages)     |
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|FCSE Support           | Yes                     |
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 * 10-stage pipeline design. Pipeline has bypass network to resolve dependencies. Most operations execute at a rate of 1 operation per clock.
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 * 2 write ports for the register file to allow LDR/STR with writeback to execute as a single instruction.
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#### CPU Configuration (zap_top.v)
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| Parameter                | Default| Description |
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|--------------------------|--------|-------------|
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| BP_ENTRIES               |  1024 | Branch Predictor Settings. Predictor RAM depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| FIFO_DEPTH               |  4    | Branch Predictor Settings. Command FIFO depth. Must be 2^n and > 2  |
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| STORE_BUFFER_DEPTH       | 16    | Branch Predictor Settings. Depth of the store buffer. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| DATA_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES |  4    | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  8    | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  16   | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_CACHE_SIZE          |  1024 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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| CODE_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES |  4    | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  8    | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES   |  16   | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_CACHE_SIZE          |  1024 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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#### CPU IO Interface (zap_top.v)
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Wishbone B3 compatible 32-bit bus.
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|        Dir    | Size     | Port               | Description                      |
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|---------------|----------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
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|        input  |          | i_clk              |  Clock                           |
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|        input  |          | i_reset            |  Reset                           |
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|        input  |          | i_irq              |  Interrupt. Level Sensitive.     |
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|        input  |          | i_fiq              |  Fast Interrupt. Level Sensitive.|
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|        output |          |  o_wb_cyc          |  Wishbone B3 Signal              |
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|        output |          |  o_wb_stb          |  WIshbone B3 signal              |
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|        output | [31:0]   |  o_wb_adr          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        output |          |  o_wb_we           |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        output | [31:0]   |  o_wb_dat          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        output | [3:0]    |  o_wb_sel          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        output | [2:0]    |  o_wb_cti          |  Wishbone B3 signal. Cycle Type Indicator (Supported modes: Incrementing Burst, End of Burst)|
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|        output | [1:0]    |  o_wb_bte          |  Wishbone B3 signal. Burst Type Indicator (Supported modes: Linear)                          |
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|        input  |          |  i_wb_ack          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        input  | [31:0]   |  i_wb_dat          |  Wishbone B3 signal.             |
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|        output |          |   o_wb_stb_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
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|        output |          |   o_wb_cyc_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
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|        output |   [31:0] |   o_wb_adr_nxt     | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN.    |
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### Getting Started
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*Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/18.04 LTS*
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#### Run Sample Tests
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Let the variable $test_name hold the name of the test. See the src/ts directory for some basic tests pre-installed. Available test names are: factorial, arm_test, thumb_test, uart. New tests can be added using these as starting templates. Please note that these will be run on the SOC platform (chip_top) that consist of the ZAP processor, 2 x UARTs, a VIC and a timer.
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi binutils-arm-none-eabi gdb openocd iverilog gtkwave make perl xterm
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/src/ts/$test_name # $PROJ_ROOT is the project directory.
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make # Runs the test using IVerilog.
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/obj/ts/$test_name # Switch to object folder.
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gvim zap.log.gz    # View the log file
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gtkwave zap.vcd.gz # Exists if selected by Config.cfg. See PDF document for more information.
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```
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To use this processor in your SOC, instantiate this top level CPU module in your project: /src/rtl/cpu/zap_top.v
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### Implementation Specific Details
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#### FPGA Timing Performance (Vivado, Retime Enabled)
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| FPGA Part          | Speed |  Critical Path |
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|--------------------|-------|----------------|
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| xc7a35tiftg256-1L  | 80MHz | Cache access   |
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#### Coprocessor #15 Control Registers
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##### Register 0 : ID Register
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|Bits | Name    | Description                              |
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|-----|---------|------------------------------------------|
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|31:0 | Various | Processor ID info.                       |
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##### Register 1 : Control
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|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|0    | M         | MMU Enable. Active high                  |
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|1    | A         | Always 0. Alignment check off            |
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|2    | D         | Data Cache Enable. Active high           |
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|3    | W         | Always 1. Write Buffer always on.        |
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|4    | P         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
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|5    | D         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
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|6    | L         | Always 1. RESERVED                       |
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|7    | B         | Always 0. Little Endian                  |
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|8    | S         | The S bit                                |
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|9    | R         | The R bit                                |
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|11   | Z         | Always 1. Branch prediction enabled      |
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|12   | I         | Instruction Cache Enable. Active high    |
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|13   | V         | Normal Exception Vectors. Always 0       |
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|14   | RR        | Always 1. Direct mapped cache.           |
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|15   | L4        | Always 0. Normal behavior.               |
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##### Register 2 : Translation Base Address
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|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|13:0 | M         | Preserve value.                          |
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|31:14| TTB       | Upper 18-bits of translation address     |
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##### Register 3 : Domain Access Control (X=0 to X=15)
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|Bits     | Name      | Description                              |
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|---------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|2X+1:2X  | DX        | DX access permission.                    |
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##### Register 5 : Fault Status Register
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|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|3:0  | Status    | Status.                                  |
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|1:0  | Domain    | Domain.                                  |
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|11:8 | SBZ       | Always 0. RESERVED                       |
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##### Register 6 : Fault Address Register
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|Bits | Name      | Description                              |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|31:0 | Addr      | Fault Address.                           |
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##### Register 7 : Cache Functions
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| Opcode2     |  CRm            | Description                         |
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|-------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|
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|         000 |         0111    |         Flush all caches.           |
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|         000 |         0101    |         Flush I cache.              |
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|         000 |         0110    |         Flush D cache.              |
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|         000 |         1011    |         Clean all caches.           |
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|         000 |         1010    |         Clean D cache.              |
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|         000 |         1111    |         Clean and flush all caches. |
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|         000 |         1110    |         Clean and flush D cache.    |
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|       Other |        Other    |         Clean and flush ALL caches  |
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##### Register 8 : TLB Functions
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|Opcode2 |        CRm    |        Description      |
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|--------|---------------|-------------------------|
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|    000 |        0111   |        Flush all TLBs   |
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|    000 |        0101   |        Flush I TLB      |
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|    000 |        0110   |        Flush D TLB      |
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|   Other|        Other  |        Flush all TLBs   |
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##### Register 13 : FCSE Extentions
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| Field | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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| 31:25 | PID         |
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##### Lockdown Support
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* CPU memory system does not support lockdown.
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##### Tiny Pages
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* No support for tiny pages (1KB).

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