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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; Filename:     test.S
;
; Project:      Zip CPU -- a small, lightweight, RISC CPU soft core
;
; Purpose:      A disorganized test, just showing some initial operation of
;               the CPU.  As a disorganized test, it doesn't prove anything
;               beyond the generic operation of the CPU.
;
; Status:       As of August, 2015, this file assembles, builds, and passes
;               all of its tests in the Verilator simulator.
;
;       Okay, as of 15 August, there are now some tests that don't pass.
;       In particular, the #include test used to pass but didn't pass today.
;       Likewise the PUSH() macro test hasn't passed yet.  Finally, be aware
;       that this implementation is specific to where it loads on a board.
;       I tried loading it on my Basys development board, where I had placed
;       RAM in a different location and ... things didn't work out so well.
;       So grep the __here__ line and adjust it for where you intend to load
;       this file.
;
;       In general, as I'm building the CPU, I'm modifying this file to place
;       more and more capability tests within the file.  If the Lord is
;       willing, this will become the proof that the CPU completely works.
;
;
; Creator:      Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.
;               Gisselquist Technology, LLC
;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
; Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC
;
; This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or
; modify it under the terms of  the GNU General Public License as published
; by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at
; your option) any later version.
;
; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
; ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or
; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
; for more details.
;
; License:      GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org,
;               http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
;
;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;
#include "sys.i"
        sys.bus         equ     0xc0000000
        sys.breaken     equ     0x080
        sys.step        equ     0x040
        sys.gie         equ     0x020
        sys.sleep       equ     0x010
        sys.ccv         equ     0x008
        sys.ccn         equ     0x004
        sys.ccc         equ     0x002
        sys.ccz         equ     0x001
        sys.cctrap      equ     0x200
        sys.bu.pic      equ     0x000
        sys.bus.wdt     equ     0x001
        sys.bus.cache   equ     0x002
        sys.bus.ctrpic  equ     0x003
        sys.bus.tma     equ     0x004
        sys.bus.tmb     equ     0x005
        sys.bus.tmc     equ     0x006
        sys.bus.jiffies equ     0x007
        sys.bus.mtask   equ     0x008
        sys.bus.mpstl   equ     0x009
        sys.bus.mastl   equ     0x00a
        sys.bus.mstl    equ     0x00b
        sys.bus.utask   equ     0x00c
        sys.bus.upstl   equ     0x00d
        sys.bus.uastl   equ     0x00e
        sys.bus.ustl    equ     0x00f
#define DO_TEST_ASSEMBLER
#define LJMP_TEST
#define EARLY_BRANCH_TEST
#define BREAK_TEST
#define OVERFLOW_TEST
#define CARRY_TEST
#define LOOP_TEST
#define SHIFT_TEST
#define TRAP_TEST
#define MPY_TEST
#define PUSH_TEST
#define PIPELINE_STACK_TEST
#define MEM_PIPELINE_TEST
#define CONDITIONAL_EXECUTION_TEST
#define NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST    // Were wait states btwn regs removed properly?
#define BCMEM_TEST      // Do memory and conditions work well together?
test:
#ifdef  DO_TEST_ASSEMBLER
; We start out by testing our assembler.  We give it some instructions, which
; are then manually checked  by disassembling/dumping the result and making
; certain they match.  This is not an automated test, but it is an important
; one.
        noop
        bra     continue_test_with_testable_instructions
        break
        wait
        break
        busy
        rtu
continue_test_with_testable_instructions:
        ; Now, let's place the assembler into a known state
        clr     r0
        clr     r1
        clr     r2
        clr     r3
        clr     r4
        clr     r5
        clr     r6
        clr     r7
        clr     r8
        clr     r9
        clr     r10
        clr     r11
        clr     r12
        clr     r13
        ; Don't clear the CC register
        ; Don't clear the SP register
        ; And repeat for the user registers
        mov     R0,uR0
        mov     R0,uR1
        mov     R0,uR2
        mov     R0,uR3
        mov     R0,uR4
        mov     R0,uR5
        mov     R0,uR6
        mov     R0,uR7
        mov     R0,uR8
        mov     R0,uR9
        mov     R0,uR10
        mov     R0,uR11
        mov     R0,uR12
        mov     R0,uR13
        mov     R0,uCC
        ; Don't clear the user PC register
        ; Now, let's try loading some constants into registers
        ; Specifically, we're testing the LDI, LDIHI, and LDILO instructions
dead_beef       equ     0xdeadbeef
        ldi     0x0dead,r5
        ldi     0x0beef,r6
        ldi     0xdeadbeef,r7
        ldihi   0xdead, r8
        ldilo   0xbeef, r8
        ldi     dead_beef,r9
        cmp     r5,r6
        bz      test_failure
        cmp     r7,r8
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     $deadbeefh,r7   ; Try loading with the $[HEX]h mneumonic
        cmp     r7,r8
        bnz     test_failure
        cmp     r7,r9
        bnz     test_failure
        bra     skip_dead_beef
dead_beef.base:
        word    0
        fill    5,dead_beef
        word    0
dead_beef.zero          equ     0
dead_beef.values        equ     1
skip_dead_beef:
        lod     dead_beef.base(pc),r10  ; Should load a zero here
        cmp     r10,r11                 ; r11 should still be zero from init abv
        bnz     test_failure
        mov     dead_beef.base(pc),r10  ; Now, let's get the address
        lod     dead_beef.values(r10),r10       ; r10 now equals 0xdeadbeef
        cmp     r10,r9
        bnz     test_failure
 
; Test whether or not our operator precedence rules work
        ldi     5+3*8,r0
        ldi     3*8+5,r1
        cmp     r0,r1
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     (5+3)*8,r0
        ldi     8*(3+5),r1
        cmp     r0,r1
        bnz     test_failure
 
; Test whether or not we can properly decode OCTAL values
        clr     r0      ; Re-clear our register set first
        clr     r1
        clr     r2
        clr     r3
        clr     r4
        clr     r5
        clr     r6
        clr     r7
        clr     r8
        clr     r9
        clr     r10
        clr     r11
        clr     r12
        clr     r13
        ;
        ldi     $024o,r0
        ldi     $20,r1
        cmp     r0,r1
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     $024,r0
        cmp     r0,r1
        bnz     test_failure
        clr     r0
        clr     r1
        mov     $1+r0,r2
        mov     $2+r0,r3
        mov     $22h+r0,r4
        mov     $377h+r0,ur5
        noop
        nop
        add     r2,r0
        add     $32,r0
        add     $-33,r0
        bnz     test_failure
        not     r0
        bge     test_failure
junk_address:
        clrf    r0
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     $5,r1
        cmp     $0+r0,r1
        not.lt  r0
        not.ge  r1
        mov     junk_address(pc),r2     ; Test pc-relative addressing
        mov     junk_address(pc),r3
        cmp     r2,r3
        bnz     test_failure
        lod     junk_address(pc),r5     ; Test loads with pc-relative addressing
        lod     junk_address(pc),r6
        cmp     r5,r6
        bnz     test_failure
#endif
 
#ifdef  NOONE // Testing comments after ifdef
#else   ; After else
#endif /* and after endif */
 
#ifdef  LJMP_TEST
        // A long jump is a 32-bit instruction followed by a 32-bit address.
        // The CPU is supposed to jump to this address.  At issue in this test,
        // which can only really be verified by watching it in person currently,
        // is how fast this branch can take place.  Currently, it takes four
        // clocks--not that bad.
        //
        // Although really long jumps, we also test some of our early branching
        // forms here as well:
        //      1. Add to PC
        //      2. LOD (PC),PC (the long jump itself)
        //      3. LDI x,PC     // An early branch target not tested elsewhere
        //
        CLR     R0
        CLR     R1
        LJMP
        .dat    __here__+0x0100000+4
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        CMP     3,R0
        BNZ     test_failure
        LOD.Z   __here__+2(PC),PC
        BRA     test_failure
        .dat    __here__+0x0100000+2
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        CMP     5,R0
        BNZ     test_failure
// And our last early branching test
        LDI     0x0100000+__here__+4,PC
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        ADD     1,R0
        SUB     1,R0
        CMP     4,R0
        BNZ     test_failure
#endif
#ifdef  EARLY_BRANCH_TEST
        // Unlike the previous test, this test is going to see whether or not
        // early branching messes with the pipeline.
        BRA     eb_a
        BUSY
eb_a:
        BRA     eb_b
        NOP
        BUSY
eb_b:
        BRA     eb_c
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
eb_c:
        BRA     eb_d
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
eb_d:
        BRA     eb_e
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
eb_e:
        NOOP
        // Only problem is, I don't expect it to mess with the pipeline unless
        // the pipeline is full.  Therefore we are interested in something which
        // is not an early branch, conflicting with early branches.  So let's
        // try loading our pipeline in all kinds of different configurations,
        // just to see which if the conditional branch always annihilates the
        // early branch as desired.
        //
        CLR     R0
        BZ      ebz_a
        BUSY
ebz_a:
        BZ      ebz_b
        NOP
        BUSY
ebz_b:
        BZ      ebz_c
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
        // Let's repeat that last test, just in case the cache reloaded itself
        // in the middle and we didn't get our proper test.
ebz_c:
        BZ      ebz_d
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
ebz_d:
        BZ      ebz_e
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
ebz_e:
        BZ      ebz_f
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        BUSY
ebz_f:
        NOOP
#endif
 
#ifdef  BREAK_TEST
breaktest:
        bra     breaksupervisor
breakuser:
        clr     r0
        mov     1+r0,r1
        mov     1+r1,r2
        mov     1+r2,r3
        break           ; At address 0x0100097
        mov     1+r4,r5
        mov     1+r5,r6
        clr     cc
        busy
breaksupervisor:
        ldi     -1,r0
        mov     breakuser(pc),upc
        rtu     ; Should just keep returning immediately
        mov     upc,r0
        rtu
        rtu
        mov     upc,r1
        cmp     r0,r1
        bnz     test_failure
#endif
 
#ifdef  TRAP_TEST
traptest:
        bra     traptest_supervisor
        busy
traptest_user:
        trap    0
        busy
traptest_supervisor:
        mov     traptest_user(pc),upc
        rtu
        mov     ucc,r0
        tst     sys.cctrap,r0
        tst.nz  sys.gie,r0
        bz      test_failure
#endif
 
testbench:
        // Let's build a software test bench.
        ldi     $c0000000h,r12  ; Set R12 to point to our peripheral address
        mov     r12,ur12
        mov     test_start(pc),upc
        mov     stack(pc),usp
        ldi     0x8000ffff,r0   ; Clear interrupts, turn all vectors off
        sto     r0,(r12)
        rtu
        mov     ucc,r0
        CMP     sys.cctrap+sys.gie,r0
        bnz     test_failure
        halt
// Go into an infinite loop if the trap fails
// Permanent loop instruction -- a busy halt if you will
test_failure:
        busy
 
; Now for a series of tests.  If the test fails, call the trap
; interrupt with the test number that failed.  Upon completion,
; call the trap with #0.
 
; Test LDI to PC
; Some data registers
test_data:
        .dat    __here__+0x0100000+5
test_start:
        ldi     $0x01000,r11
        ldi     -1,r10
        lod     test_data+pc,pc
        clr     r10
        noop
        cmp     $0,r10
        trap.z  r11
        add     $1,r0
        add     $1,r0
 
#ifdef  OVERFLOW_TEST
// Let's test whether overflow works
        ldi     $0x02000,r11
        ldi     $-1,r0
        lsr     $1,r0
        add     $1,r0
        bv      first_overflow_passes
        trap    r11
first_overflow_passes:
// Overflow set from subtraction
        ldi     $0x03000,r11
        ldi     $1,r0
        rol     $31,r0                  ; rol $31,r0
        sub     $1,r0
        bv      subtraction_overflow_passes
        trap    r11
subtraction_overflow_passes:
// Overflow set from LSR
        ldi     $0x04000,r11
        ldi     $1,r0
        rol     $31,r0                  ; rol $31,r0
        lsr     $1,r0
        bv      lsr_overflow_passes
        trap    r11
lsr_overflow_passes:
// Overflow set from LSL
        ldi     $0x05000,r11
        ldi     $1,r0
        rol     $30,r0
        lsl     $1,r0
        bv      lsl_overflow_passes
        trap    r11
lsl_overflow_passes:
// Overflow set from LSL, negative to positive
        ldi     $0x06000,r11
        ldi     $1,r0
        rol     $31,r0
        lsl     $1,r0
        bv      second_lsl_overflow_passes
        trap    r11
#endif // OVERFLOW_TEST
#ifdef  CARRY_TEST
second_lsl_overflow_passes:
// Test carry
        ldi     $0x07000,r11
        ldi     $-1,r0
        add     $1,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,cc
        trap.z  r11
// and carry from subtraction
        ldi     $0x08000,r11
        clr     r0
        sub     $1,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,cc
        trap.z  r11
// Carry from right shift
        clr     r0              ; r0 = 0
        lsr     1,r0            ; r0 = 0, c = 0
        add.c   1,r0            ; r0 = 0
        cmp     1,r0            ; r0 ?= 1
        trap.z  r11
        LDI     1,r0            ; r0 = 1
        lsr     1,r0            ; r0 = 0, c = 1
        add.c   1,r0            ; r0 = 1
        cmp     1,r0
        trap.nz r11
 
        ldi     0x070eca6,r0
        ldi     0x0408b85,r1
        ldi     0x0387653,r2
        lsr     1,r0
        xor.c   r1,r0
        cmp     r2,r0
        trap.nz r11
#endif
 
#ifdef  LOOP_TEST
 
// Let's try a loop: for i=0; i<5; i++)
//      We'll use R0=i, Immediates for 5
        ldi     $0x09000,r11
        clr     r0
for_loop:
        noop
        add     $1,r0
        cmp     $5,r0
        blt     for_loop
//
// Let's try a reverse loop.  Such loops are usually cheaper to
// implement, and this one is no different: 2 loop instructions
// (minus setup instructions) vs 3 from before.
// R0 = 5; (from before)
// do {
// } while (R0 > 0);
        ldi     $0x0a000,r11
bgt_loop:
        noop
        sub     $1,r0
        bgt     bgt_loop
 
// How about the same thing with a >= comparison?
// R1 = 5; // Need to do this explicitly
// do {
// } while(R1 >= 0);
        ldi     $20,r0
        ldi     $5,r1
bge_loop:
        noop
        sub     $1,r1
        bge     bge_loop
 
// Let's try the reverse loop again, only this time we'll store our
// loop variable in memory.
// R0 = 5; (from before)
// do {
// } while (R0 > 0);
        ldi     $0x0b000,r11
        bra     mem_loop_test
loop_var:
        .dat    0
mem_loop_test:
        mov     loop_var(pc),r1
        ldi     $5,r0
        clr     r2
        sto     r0,(r1)
mem_loop:
        add     $1,r2
        add     $14,r0
        lod     (r1),r0
        sub     $1,r0
        sto     r0,(r1)
        bgt     mem_loop
        cmp     $5,r2
        trap.ne r11
#endif
 
#ifdef  SHIFT_TEST
; Now, let's test whether or not our LSR and carry flags work
        ldi     $0x0c000,r11
        ldi     -1,r0   ; First test: shifting all the way should yield zero
        lsr     32,r0
        cmp     0,r0
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     -1,r0   ; Second test: anything greater than zero should set
        lsr     0,r0    ; the carry flag
        bc      test_failure
        lsr     1,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,cc
        bz      test_failure
        lsr     31,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,cc
        bz      test_failure
        lsr     1,r0
        bc      test_failure
; Now repeat the above tests, looking to see whether or not ASR works
        ldi     -1,r0
        asr     32,r0
        cmp     -1,r0
        bnz     test_failure
        ldi     -1,r0
        asr     0,r0
        bc      test_failure
        cmp     -1,r0
        bnz     test_failure
        asr     1,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,r14
        bz      test_failure
        asr     30,r0
        tst     sys.ccc,r14
        bz      test_failure
 
// Let's test whether LSL works
        ldi     0x035,r2
        lsl     8,r2
        ldi     0x03500,r1
        cmp     r2,r1
        trap.ne r11
        ldi     0x074,r0
        and     0x0ff,r0
        or      r0,r2
        cmp     0x03574,r2
        trap.ne r11
#endif
 
#ifdef  MPY_TEST
 
// We have two multiply instructions.  Let's see if those work
        ldi     $0x0d000,r11    // Mark our test
        ldi     23171,r0        // = sqrt(2)/2 * 32768
        mpyu    r0,r0           // Should = 2/4 * 2^30 = 2^29 or thereabouts
        ldi     536895241,r2
        cmp     r0,r2
        trap.ne r11
        ldi     0x0ffff,r0
        mpyu    r0,r0
        ldi     0xfffe0001,r1
        cmp     r1,r0
        trap.ne r11
        ldi     0x08001,r0
        ldi     0x07fff,r1
        mpys    r0,r1           // FAILS: result is 0x008001 ??? (pipeline prob)
        ldi     0x3fff0001,r2
        neg     r2
        cmp     r2,r1           // @0x010011c
        trap.ne r11             //TRAP FAILS TO TRIGGER ????? (R2=0x0c000ffff,R1=0x0008001 -- did mpy even happen?)
        mpys    r0,r0           // FAILS: result is 0x40010001
        ldi     0x3fff0001,r2
        cmp     r2,r0
        trap.ne r11             // TRAP FAILS TO TRIGGER AGAIN
        ldi     0x08000,r0
        mpys    r0,r0           // R0 now equals 0x40000000
        ldi     0x40000000,r1
        cmp     r0,r1
        trap.ne r11
//
// And from our eyeball test ...
        LDI     0x01ff01ff,R0
        MOV     R0,R7
        MOV     8(SP),R6
        LSR     7,R0
        AND     7,R0
        LDI     7,R1
        SUB     R0,R1
        MOV     R1,R0
        MPYU    5,R0
        CMP     20,R0
        TRAP.NE R11
#endif
 
#ifdef  PUSH_TEST
        ldi     $0x0e000,r11    // Mark our test
        ldi     0x01248cab,r0
        ldi     0xd5312480,r1   // Let's see if we can preserve this as well
        mov     r1,r7
        FJSR(reverse_bit_order,R4);     // *SP = 0x010013d
        cmp     r0,r1
        trap.ne r11
        cmp     r0,r7
        trap.ne r11
#endif
 
#ifdef  PIPELINE_STACK_TEST
        ldi     $0x0f000,r11    // Mark our test
        LDI     1,R0
        MOV     1(R0),R1
        MOV     1(R1),R2
        MOV     1(R2),R3
        MOV     1(R3),R4
        MOV     1(R4),R5
        MOV     1(R5),R6
        FJSR(pipeline_stack_test,R7)
        CMP     1,R0
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     2,R1
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     3,R2
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     4,R3
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     5,R4
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     6,R5
        trap.ne R11
        CMP     7,R6
        trap.ne R11
#endif
 
#ifdef  MEM_PIPELINE_TEST
        LDI     0x10000,R11
        FJSR(mem_pipeline_test,R0)
#endif  // MEM_PIPELINE_TEST
 
#ifdef  CONDITIONAL_EXECUTION_TEST
        LDI     0x11000,R11
        FJSR(conditional_execution_test,R0)
#endif  // CONDITIONAL_EXECUTION_TEST
 
#ifdef  NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST
        LDI     0x12000,R11
        FJSR(nowait_pipeline_test,R0)
#endif  // NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST
 
#ifdef  BCMEM_TEST
        LDI     0x13000,R11
        CLR     R0
        LDI     -1,R1
        STO     R0,bcmemtestloc(PC)
        LOD     bcmemtestloc(PC),R1
        CMP     R0,R1
        TRAP.NZ R11
        CMP     0x13000,R11
        BZ      bcmemtest_cmploc_1
        STO     R11,bcmemtestloc(PC)
bcmemtest_cmploc_1:
        LOD     bcmemtestloc(PC),R0
        CMP     R0,R11
        TRAP.Z  R11
        CLR     R0
        CMP     R0,R11
        BZ      bcmemtest_cmploc_2
        STO.NZ  R11,bcmemtestloc(PC)
bcmemtest_cmploc_2:
        NOOP
        LOD     bcmemtestloc(PC),R0
        CMP     R0,R11
        TRAP.NZ R11
        BRA     end_bcmemtest
bcmemtestloc:
        WORD    0
end_bcmemtest:
#endif
// Return success / Test the trap interrupt
        clr     r11
        trap    r11     // FAILS HERE FAILS FAILS FAILS !!!!!!!!!!!
        noop
        noop
 
        busy
 
// And, in case we miss a halt ...
        halt
 
// Now, let's test whether or not we can handle a subroutine
#ifdef  PUSH_TEST
reverse_bit_order:
        SUB     3,SP
        STO     R1,(SP)         ; R1 will be our loop counter
        STO     R2,1(SP)        ; R2 will be our accumulator and eventual result
        STO     R4,2(SP)
        LDI     32,R1
        CLR     R2
reverse_bit_order_loop:
        LSL     1,R2
        LSR     1,R0
        OR.C    1,R2
        SUB     1,R1
        BNZ     reverse_bit_order_loop
        MOV     R2,R0
        LOD     (SP),R1
        LOD     1(SP),R2
        LOD     2(SP),R4
        ADD     3,SP
        JMP     R4
#endif
 
; The pipeline stack test examines whether or not a series of memory commands
; can be evaluated right after the other without problems.  This depends upon
; the calling routine to properly set up registers to be tested.
;
; This is also an incomplete test, as nothing is done to test how these
; pipeline reads/writes are affected by condition codes.
;
#ifdef  PIPELINE_STACK_TEST
pipeline_stack_test:
        SUB     13,SP
        STO     R0,(SP)
        STO     R1,1(SP)
        STO     R2,2(SP)
        STO     R3,3(SP)
        STO     R4,4(SP)
        STO     R5,5(SP)
        STO     R6,6(SP)
        STO     R7,7(SP)
        STO     R8,8(SP)
        STO     R9,9(SP)
        STO     R10,10(SP)
        STO     R11,11(SP)
        STO     R12,12(SP)
        XOR     -1,R0
        XOR     -1,R1
        XOR     -1,R2
        XOR     -1,R3
        XOR     -1,R4
        XOR     -1,R5
        XOR     -1,R6
        XOR     -1,R7
        XOR     -1,R8
        XOR     -1,R9
        XOR     -1,R10
        XOR     -1,R11
        XOR     -1,R12
        LOD     (SP),R0
        LOD     1(SP),R1
        LOD     2(SP),R2
        LOD     3(SP),R3
        LOD     4(SP),R4
        LOD     5(SP),R5
        LOD     6(SP),R6
        LOD     7(SP),R7
        LOD     8(SP),R8
        LOD     9(SP),R9
        LOD     10(SP),R10
        LOD     11(SP),R11
        LOD     12(SP),R12
        ADD     13,SP
        JMP     R7
#endif // PIPELINE_STACK_TEST
 
#ifdef  MEM_PIPELINE_TEST
mem_pipeline_test:
        SUB     4,SP
        STO     R0,(SP)
        STO     R1,1(SP)
        LDI     0x10000,R11
        ;
        ; Test #1 ... Let's start by writing a value to memory
        LDI     -1,R0
        CLR     R1
        STO     R0,2(SP)
        LOD     2(SP),R1
        CMP     R1,R0
        MOV.NZ  R11,CC
 
        ; Test #2, reading and then writing a value from memory
        NOP
        NOP
        CLR     R0
        CLR     R1
        LOD     2(SP),R0        ; This should load back up our -1 value
        STO     R0,3(SP)
        ; Insist that the pipeline clear
        LOD     2(SP),R0
        ; Now let's try loading into R1
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        NOP
        LOD     3(SP),R1
        CMP     R1,R0
        MOV.NZ  R11,CC
 
        LOD     (SP),R0
        LOD     1(SP),R1
        ADD     4,SP
        JMP     R0
#endif
 
#ifdef  CONDITIONAL_EXECUTION_TEST
conditional_execution_test:
        SUB     1,SP
        STO     R0,(SP)
        ;
        CLRF    R0
        ADD.Z   1,R0
        TRAP.NZ R11
        CMP.Z   0,R0
        TRAP.Z  R11
 
        LOD     (SP),R0
        ADD     1,SP
        JMP     R0
#endif
 
;
; Pipeline stalls have been hideous problems for me.  The CPU has been modified
; with special logic to keep stages from stalling.  For the most part, this
; means that ALU and memory results may be accessed either before or as they
; are written to the register file.  This set of code is designed to test
; whether this bypass logic works.
#ifdef  NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST
nowait_pipeline_test:
        ; Allocate for us some number of registers
        ;
        SUB     6,SP
        ; Leave a spot open on the stack for a local variable,
        ; kept in memory.
        STO     R0,(SP)
        STO     R1,1(SP)
        STO     R2,2(SP)
        STO     R3,3(SP)
        STO     R4,4(SP)
        ;
        ; Let's start with ALU-ALU testing
        ;       AA: result->input A
        CLR     R0
        ADD     1,R0
        CMP     1,R0
        TRAP.NZ R11
 
        ;       AA: result->input B
        CLR     R0
        CLR     R1
        ADD     1,R0
        CMP     R0,R1
        TRAP.Z  R11
 
        ;       AA: result->input A on condition
        CLRF    R0
        ADD.Z   5,R0
        CMP     5,R0
        TRAP.NZ R11
 
        ;       AA: result->input B on condition
        CLR     R0
        CLRF    R1
        ADD.Z   5,R0
        CMP     R0,R1
        TRAP.Z  R11
 
        ;       AA: result->input B plus offset
        CLR     R0
        CLRF    R1
        ADD     5,R0
        CMP     -5(R0),R1
        TRAP.NZ R11
 
        ;       AA: result->input B plus offset on condition
        CLR     R0
        CLRF    R1
        ADD.Z   5,R0
        CMP     -5(R0),R1
        TRAP.NZ R11
 
        ;
        ; Then we need to do ALU-Mem input testing
        ;
        CLR     R0
        STO     R0,5(SP)
        LDI     8352,R0
        LOD     5(SP),R0
        TST     -1,R0
        TRAP.NZ R11
 
        LDI     937,R0          ; Let's try again, this time something that's
        STO     R0,5(SP)        ; not zero
        NOOP
        LOD     5(SP),R0
        CMP     938,R0          ; Let's not compare with self, let's that
        TRAP.GE R11             ; masks a problem--compare with a different
        CMP     936,R0          ; number instead.
        TRAP.LT R11
 
        ; Mem output->ALU input testing
        ;       We just did that as partof our last test
        ; Mem output->MEM input testing
        ;
        LDI     5328,R2
        LOD     5(SP),R2
        STO     R2,5(SP)
        LOD     5(SP),R1
        CMP     937,R1
        TRAP.NZ R11
        ;
        LOD     (SP),R0
        LOD     1(SP),R1
        LOD     2(SP),R2
        LOD     3(SP),R3
        LOD     4(SP),R4
        ADD     6,SP
        JMP     R0
#endif  // NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST
 
 
        fill    512,0
stack:  // Must point to a valid word initially
        word    0

Line No.	Rev	Author	Line
1	2	dgisselq	`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`
2			`;`
3			`; Filename: test.S`
4			`;`
5			`; Project: Zip CPU -- a small, lightweight, RISC CPU soft core`
6			`;`
7			`; Purpose: A disorganized test, just showing some initial operation of`
8			`; the CPU. As a disorganized test, it doesn't prove anything`
9			`; beyond the generic operation of the CPU.`
10			`;`
11	13	dgisselq	`; Status: As of August, 2015, this file assembles, builds, and passes`
12			`; all of its tests in the Verilator simulator.`
13	2	dgisselq	`;`
14	19	dgisselq	`; Okay, as of 15 August, there are now some tests that don't pass.`
15			`; In particular, the #include test used to pass but didn't pass today.`
16			`; Likewise the PUSH() macro test hasn't passed yet. Finally, be aware`
17			`; that this implementation is specific to where it loads on a board.`
18			`; I tried loading it on my Basys development board, where I had placed`
19			`; RAM in a different location and ... things didn't work out so well.`
20			`; So grep the __here__ line and adjust it for where you intend to load`
21			`; this file.`
22			`;`
23			`; In general, as I'm building the CPU, I'm modifying this file to place`
24			`; more and more capability tests within the file. If the Lord is`
25			`; willing, this will become the proof that the CPU completely works.`
26			`;`
27			`;`
28	2	dgisselq	`; Creator: Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.`
29	69	dgisselq	`; Gisselquist Technology, LLC`
30	2	dgisselq	`;`
31			`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`
32			`;`
33			`; Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC`
34			`;`
35			`; This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or`
36			`; modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published`
37			`; by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at`
38			`; your option) any later version.`
39			`;`
40			`; This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT`
41			`; ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or`
42			`; FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License`
43			`; for more details.`
44			`;`
45			`; License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org,`
46			`; http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html`
47			`;`
48			`;`
49			`;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;`
50			`;`
51	26	dgisselq	`#include "sys.i"`
52	13	dgisselq	`sys.bus equ 0xc0000000`
53			`sys.breaken equ 0x080`
54			`sys.step equ 0x040`
55			`sys.gie equ 0x020`
56			`sys.sleep equ 0x010`
57			`sys.ccv equ 0x008`
58			`sys.ccn equ 0x004`
59			`sys.ccc equ 0x002`
60			`sys.ccz equ 0x001`
61	26	dgisselq	`sys.cctrap equ 0x200`
62	13	dgisselq	`sys.bu.pic equ 0x000`
63			`sys.bus.wdt equ 0x001`
64			`sys.bus.cache equ 0x002`
65			`sys.bus.ctrpic equ 0x003`
66			`sys.bus.tma equ 0x004`
67			`sys.bus.tmb equ 0x005`
68			`sys.bus.tmc equ 0x006`
69			`sys.bus.jiffies equ 0x007`
70			`sys.bus.mtask equ 0x008`
71			`sys.bus.mpstl equ 0x009`
72			`sys.bus.mastl equ 0x00a`
73			`sys.bus.mstl equ 0x00b`
74			`sys.bus.utask equ 0x00c`
75			`sys.bus.upstl equ 0x00d`
76			`sys.bus.uastl equ 0x00e`
77			`sys.bus.ustl equ 0x00f`
78			`#define DO_TEST_ASSEMBLER`
79	103	dgisselq	`#define LJMP_TEST`
80	105	dgisselq	`#define EARLY_BRANCH_TEST`
81	26	dgisselq	`#define BREAK_TEST`
82			`#define OVERFLOW_TEST`
83			`#define CARRY_TEST`
84			`#define LOOP_TEST`
85			`#define SHIFT_TEST`
86			`#define TRAP_TEST`
87			`#define MPY_TEST`
88	34	dgisselq	`#define PUSH_TEST`
89	46	dgisselq	`#define PIPELINE_STACK_TEST`
90			`#define MEM_PIPELINE_TEST`
91	60	dgisselq	`#define CONDITIONAL_EXECUTION_TEST`
92	55	dgisselq	`#define NOWAIT_PIPELINE_TEST // Were wait states btwn regs removed properly?`
93	69	dgisselq	`#define BCMEM_TEST // Do memory and conditions work well together?`
94	2	dgisselq	`test:`
95	13	dgisselq	`#ifdef DO_TEST_ASSEMBLER`
96			`; We start out by testing our assembler. We give it some instructions, which`
97			`; are then manually checked by disassembling/dumping the result and making`
98			`; certain they match. This is not an automated test, but it is an important`
99			`; one.`
100			`noop`
101			`bra continue_test_with_testable_instructions`
102			`break`
103			`wait`
104	26	dgisselq	`break`
105	13	dgisselq	`busy`
106			`rtu`
107			`continue_test_with_testable_instructions:`
108			`; Now, let's place the assembler into a known state`
109	2	dgisselq	`clr r0`
110	13	dgisselq	`clr r1`
111			`clr r2`
112			`clr r3`
113			`clr r4`
114			`clr r5`
115			`clr r6`
116			`clr r7`
117	36	dgisselq	`clr r8`
118	13	dgisselq	`clr r9`
119			`clr r10`
120			`clr r11`
121			`clr r12`
122			`clr r13`
123			`; Don't clear the CC register`
124			`; Don't clear the SP register`
125			`; And repeat for the user registers`
126			`mov R0,uR0`
127			`mov R0,uR1`
128			`mov R0,uR2`
129			`mov R0,uR3`
130			`mov R0,uR4`
131			`mov R0,uR5`
132			`mov R0,uR6`
133			`mov R0,uR7`
134			`mov R0,uR8`
135			`mov R0,uR9`
136			`mov R0,uR10`
137			`mov R0,uR11`
138			`mov R0,uR12`
139			`mov R0,uR13`
140			`mov R0,uCC`
141			`; Don't clear the user PC register`
142			`; Now, let's try loading some constants into registers`
143	19	dgisselq	`; Specifically, we're testing the LDI, LDIHI, and LDILO instructions`
144	13	dgisselq	`dead_beef equ 0xdeadbeef`
145			`ldi 0x0dead,r5`
146			`ldi 0x0beef,r6`
147			`ldi 0xdeadbeef,r7`
148			`ldihi 0xdead, r8`
149			`ldilo 0xbeef, r8`
150			`ldi dead_beef,r9`
151			`cmp r5,r6`
152			`bz test_failure`
153			`cmp r7,r8`
154			`bnz test_failure`
155			`ldi $deadbeefh,r7 ; Try loading with the $[HEX]h mneumonic`
156			`cmp r7,r8`
157			`bnz test_failure`
158			`cmp r7,r9`
159			`bnz test_failure`
160			`bra skip_dead_beef`
161			`dead_beef.base:`
162			`word 0`
163			`fill 5,dead_beef`
164			`word 0`
165			`dead_beef.zero equ 0`
166			`dead_beef.values equ 1`
167			`skip_dead_beef:`
168			`lod dead_beef.base(pc),r10 ; Should load a zero here`
169			`cmp r10,r11 ; r11 should still be zero from init abv`
170			`bnz test_failure`
171			`mov dead_beef.base(pc),r10 ; Now, let's get the address`
172			`lod dead_beef.values(r10),r10 ; r10 now equals 0xdeadbeef`
173			`cmp r10,r9`
174			`bnz test_failure`
175	34	dgisselq
176			`; Test whether or not our operator precedence rules work`
177			`ldi 5+3*8,r0`
178			`ldi 3*8+5,r1`
179			`cmp r0,r1`
180			`bnz test_failure`
181			`ldi (5+3)*8,r0`
182			`ldi 8*(3+5),r1`
183			`cmp r0,r1`
184			`bnz test_failure`
185
186	13	dgisselq	`; Test whether or not we can properly decode OCTAL values`
187			`clr r0 ; Re-clear our register set first`
188			`clr r1`
189			`clr r2`
190			`clr r3`
191			`clr r4`
192			`clr r5`
193			`clr r6`
194			`clr r7`
195	36	dgisselq	`clr r8`
196	13	dgisselq	`clr r9`
197			`clr r10`
198			`clr r11`
199			`clr r12`
200			`clr r13`
201			`;`
202			`ldi $024o,r0`
203			`ldi $20,r1`
204			`cmp r0,r1`
205			`bnz test_failure`
206			`ldi $024,r0`
207			`cmp r0,r1`
208			`bnz test_failure`
209			`clr r0`
210			`clr r1`
211	2	dgisselq	`mov $1+r0,r2`
212			`mov $2+r0,r3`
213			`mov $22h+r0,r4`
214			`mov $377h+r0,ur5`
215			`noop`
216			`nop`
217			`add r2,r0`
218			`add $32,r0`
219			`add $-33,r0`
220	13	dgisselq	`bnz test_failure`
221	36	dgisselq	`not r0`
222	13	dgisselq	`bge test_failure`
223			`junk_address:`
224	2	dgisselq	`clrf r0`
225	13	dgisselq	`bnz test_failure`
226	2	dgisselq	`ldi $5,r1`
227			`cmp $0+r0,r1`
228			`not.lt r0`
229			`not.ge r1`
230	13	dgisselq	`mov junk_address(pc),r2 ; Test pc-relative addressing`
231			`mov junk_address(pc),r3`
232			`cmp r2,r3`
233			`bnz test_failure`
234			`lod junk_address(pc),r5 ; Test loads with pc-relative addressing`
235			`lod junk_address(pc),r6`
236			`cmp r5,r6`
237			`bnz test_failure`
238	26	dgisselq	`#endif`
239
240			`#ifdef NOONE // Testing comments after ifdef`
241			`#else ; After else`
242			`#endif /* and after endif */`
243
244	103	dgisselq	`#ifdef LJMP_TEST`
245	105	dgisselq	`// A long jump is a 32-bit instruction followed by a 32-bit address.`
246			`// The CPU is supposed to jump to this address. At issue in this test,`
247			`// which can only really be verified by watching it in person currently,`
248			`// is how fast this branch can take place. Currently, it takes four`
249			`// clocks--not that bad.`
250			`//`
251			`// Although really long jumps, we also test some of our early branching`
252			`// forms here as well:`
253			`// 1. Add to PC`
254			`// 2. LOD (PC),PC (the long jump itself)`
255			`// 3. LDI x,PC // An early branch target not tested elsewhere`
256			`//`
257	103	dgisselq	`CLR R0`
258			`CLR R1`
259			`LJMP`
260			`.dat __here__+0x0100000+4`
261			`ADD 1,R0`
262			`ADD 1,R0`
263			`ADD 1,R0`
264			`ADD 1,R0`
265			`ADD 1,R0`
266			`ADD 1,R0`
267			`CMP 3,R0`
268			`BNZ test_failure`
269			`LOD.Z __here__+2(PC),PC`
270			`BRA test_failure`
271			`.dat __here__+0x0100000+2`
272			`ADD 1,R0`
273			`ADD 1,R0`
274			`ADD 1,R0`
275			`CMP 5,R0`
276			`BNZ test_failure`
277			`// And our last early branching test`
278			`LDI 0x0100000+__here__+4,PC`
279			`ADD 1,R0`
280			`ADD 1,R0`
281			`ADD 1,R0`
282			`SUB 1,R0`
283			`CMP 4,R0`
284			`BNZ test_failure`
285			`#endif`
286	105	dgisselq	`#ifdef EARLY_BRANCH_TEST`
287			`// Unlike the previous test, this test is going to see whether or not`
288			`// early branching messes with the pipeline.`
289			`BRA eb_a`
290			`BUSY`
291			`eb_a:`
292			`BRA eb_b`
293			`NOP`
294			`BUSY`
295			`eb_b:`
296			`BRA eb_c`
297			`NOP`
298			`NOP`
299			`BUSY`
300			`eb_c:`
301			`BRA eb_d`
302			`NOP`
303			`NOP`
304			`NOP`
305			`BUSY`
306			`eb_d:`
307			`BRA eb_e`
308			`NOP`
309			`NOP`
310			`NOP`
311			`NOP`
312			`BUSY`
313			`eb_e:`
314			`NOOP`
315			`// Only problem is, I don't expect it to mess with the pipeline unless`
316			`// the pipeline is full. Therefore we are interested in something which`
317			`// is not an early branch, conflicting with early branches. So let's`
318			`// try loading our pipeline in all kinds of different configurations,`
319			`// just to see which if the conditional branch always annihilates the`
320			`// early branch as desired.`
321			`//`
322			`CLR R0`
323			`BZ ebz_a`
324			`BUSY`
325			`ebz_a:`
326			`BZ ebz_b`
327			`NOP`
328			`BUSY`
329			`ebz_b:`
330			`BZ ebz_c`
331			`NOP`
332			`NOP`
333			`BUSY`
334			`// Let's repeat that last test, just in case the cache reloaded itself`
335			`// in the middle and we didn't get our proper test.`
336			`ebz_c:`
337			`BZ ebz_d`
338			`NOP`
339			`NOP`
340			`BUSY`
341			`ebz_d:`
342			`BZ ebz_e`
343			`NOP`
344			`NOP`
345			`NOP`
346			`BUSY`
347			`ebz_e:`
348			`BZ ebz_f`
349			`NOP`
350			`NOP`
351			`NOP`
352			`NOP`
353			`BUSY`
354			`ebz_f:`
355			`NOOP`
356			`#endif`
357	103	dgisselq
358	26	dgisselq	`#ifdef BREAK_TEST`
359			`breaktest:`
360			`bra breaksupervisor`
361			`breakuser:`
362			`clr r0`
363			`mov 1+r0,r1`
364			`mov 1+r1,r2`
365			`mov 1+r2,r3`
366			`break ; At address 0x0100097`
367			`mov 1+r4,r5`
368			`mov 1+r5,r6`
369			`clr cc`
370			`busy`
371			`breaksupervisor:`
372	13	dgisselq	`ldi -1,r0`
373	26	dgisselq	`mov breakuser(pc),upc`
374			`rtu ; Should just keep returning immediately`
375			`mov upc,r0`
376			`rtu`
377			`rtu`
378			`mov upc,r1`
379			`cmp r0,r1`
380	13	dgisselq	`bnz test_failure`
381	26	dgisselq	`#endif`
382
383			`#ifdef TRAP_TEST`
384			`traptest:`
385			`bra traptest_supervisor`
386			`busy`
387			`traptest_user:`
388			`trap 0`
389			`busy`
390			`traptest_supervisor:`
391			`mov traptest_user(pc),upc`
392			`rtu`
393	69	dgisselq	`mov ucc,r0`
394	26	dgisselq	`tst sys.cctrap,r0`
395	69	dgisselq	`tst.nz sys.gie,r0`
396	13	dgisselq	`bz test_failure`
397			`#endif`
398	2	dgisselq
399			`testbench:`
400			`// Let's build a software test bench.`
401	13	dgisselq	`ldi $c0000000h,r12 ; Set R12 to point to our peripheral address`
402	2	dgisselq	`mov r12,ur12`
403	13	dgisselq	`mov test_start(pc),upc`
404	34	dgisselq	`mov stack(pc),usp`
405	13	dgisselq	`ldi 0x8000ffff,r0 ; Clear interrupts, turn all vectors off`
406			`sto r0,(r12)`
407	2	dgisselq	`rtu`
408	13	dgisselq	`mov ucc,r0`
409	69	dgisselq	`CMP sys.cctrap+sys.gie,r0`
410	13	dgisselq	`bnz test_failure`
411	2	dgisselq	`halt`
412	13	dgisselq	`// Go into an infinite loop if the trap fails`
413			`// Permanent loop instruction -- a busy halt if you will`
414			`test_failure:`
415	2	dgisselq	`busy`
416
417			`; Now for a series of tests. If the test fails, call the trap`
418			`; interrupt with the test number that failed. Upon completion,`
419			`; call the trap with #0.`
420
421			`; Test LDI to PC`
422			`; Some data registers`
423	13	dgisselq	`test_data:`
424			`.dat __here__+0x0100000+5`
425	2	dgisselq	`test_start:`
426	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x01000,r11`
427	36	dgisselq	`ldi -1,r10`
428	13	dgisselq	`lod test_data+pc,pc`
429	36	dgisselq	`clr r10`
430	2	dgisselq	`noop`
431	36	dgisselq	`cmp $0,r10`
432	13	dgisselq	`trap.z r11`
433	2	dgisselq	`add $1,r0`
434			`add $1,r0`
435
436	26	dgisselq	`#ifdef OVERFLOW_TEST`
437	2	dgisselq	`// Let's test whether overflow works`
438	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x02000,r11`
439	2	dgisselq	`ldi $-1,r0`
440			`lsr $1,r0`
441			`add $1,r0`
442	13	dgisselq	`bv first_overflow_passes`
443			`trap r11`
444			`first_overflow_passes:`
445	2	dgisselq	`// Overflow set from subtraction`
446	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x03000,r11`
447	2	dgisselq	`ldi $1,r0`
448	13	dgisselq	`rol $31,r0 ; rol $31,r0`
449	2	dgisselq	`sub $1,r0`
450	13	dgisselq	`bv subtraction_overflow_passes`
451			`trap r11`
452			`subtraction_overflow_passes:`
453	2	dgisselq	`// Overflow set from LSR`
454	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x04000,r11`
455	2	dgisselq	`ldi $1,r0`
456	13	dgisselq	`rol $31,r0 ; rol $31,r0`
457	2	dgisselq	`lsr $1,r0`
458	13	dgisselq	`bv lsr_overflow_passes`
459			`trap r11`
460			`lsr_overflow_passes:`
461	2	dgisselq	`// Overflow set from LSL`
462	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x05000,r11`
463	2	dgisselq	`ldi $1,r0`
464	13	dgisselq	`rol $30,r0`
465	2	dgisselq	`lsl $1,r0`
466	13	dgisselq	`bv lsl_overflow_passes`
467			`trap r11`
468			`lsl_overflow_passes:`
469	2	dgisselq	`// Overflow set from LSL, negative to positive`
470	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x06000,r11`
471	2	dgisselq	`ldi $1,r0`
472	13	dgisselq	`rol $31,r0`
473	2	dgisselq	`lsl $1,r0`
474	13	dgisselq	`bv second_lsl_overflow_passes`
475			`trap r11`
476	26	dgisselq	`#endif // OVERFLOW_TEST`
477			`#ifdef CARRY_TEST`
478	13	dgisselq	`second_lsl_overflow_passes:`
479	2	dgisselq	`// Test carry`
480	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x07000,r11`
481	2	dgisselq	`ldi $-1,r0`
482			`add $1,r0`
483	55	dgisselq	`tst sys.ccc,cc`
484	13	dgisselq	`trap.z r11`
485	2	dgisselq	`// and carry from subtraction`
486	26	dgisselq	`ldi $0x08000,r11`
487			`clr r0`
488	2	dgisselq	`sub $1,r0`
489	55	dgisselq	`tst sys.ccc,cc`
490	13	dgisselq	`trap.z r11`
491	55	dgisselq	`// Carry from right shift`
492			`clr r0 ; r0 = 0`
493			`lsr 1,r0 ; r0 = 0, c = 0`
494			`add.c 1,r0 ; r0 = 0`
495			`cmp 1,r0 ; r0 ?= 1`
496			`trap.z r11`
497			`LDI 1,r0 ; r0 = 1`
498			`lsr 1,r0 ; r0 = 0, c = 1`
499			`add.c 1,r0 ; r0 = 1`
500			`cmp 1,r0`

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