OpenCores
URL https://opencores.org/ocsvn/wbfmtx/wbfmtx/trunk

Subversion Repositories wbfmtx

Compare Revisions

  • This comparison shows the changes necessary to convert path
    /wbfmtx/trunk
    from Rev 3 to Rev 4
    Reverse comparison

Rev 3 → Rev 4

/rtl/wbfmtxhack.v
1,4 → 1,4
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Filename: wbfmtxhack.v
//
65,9 → 65,9
// Creator: Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.
// Gisselquist Technology, LLC
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC
// Copyright (C) 2015-2016, Gisselquist Technology, LLC
//
// This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
88,7 → 88,9
// http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html
//
//
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
//
module wbfmtxhack(i_clk,
// Wishbone interface
i_wb_cyc, i_wb_stb, i_wb_we, i_wb_addr, i_wb_data,
/doc/spec.pdf Cannot display: file marked as a binary type. svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream
doc/spec.pdf Property changes : Added: svn:mime-type ## -0,0 +1 ## +application/octet-stream \ No newline at end of property Index: doc/src/gpl-3.0.tex =================================================================== --- doc/src/gpl-3.0.tex (nonexistent) +++ doc/src/gpl-3.0.tex (revision 4) @@ -0,0 +1,719 @@ +\documentclass[11pt]{article} + +\title{GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE} +\date{Version 3, 29 June 2007} + +\begin{document} +\maketitle + +\begin{center} +{\parindent 0in + +Copyright \copyright\ 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. \texttt{http://fsf.org/} + +\bigskip +Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this + +license document, but changing it is not allowed.} + +\end{center} + +\renewcommand{\abstractname}{Preamble} +\begin{abstract} +The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for +software and other kinds of works. + +The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed +to take away your freedom to share and change the works. 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It is safest +to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively +state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least +the ``copyright'' line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. + +{\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + + +Copyright (C) + +This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify +it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or +(at your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +GNU General Public License for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +along with this program. If not, see . +\end{verbatim} +} + +Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. + +If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short +notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: + +{\footnotesize +\begin{verbatim} + Copyright (C) + +This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. +This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it +under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. +\end{verbatim} +} + +The hypothetical commands {\tt show w} and {\tt show c} should show +the appropriate +parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands +might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an ``about box''. + +You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or +school, if any, to sign a ``copyright disclaimer'' for the program, if +necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow +the GNU GPL, see \texttt{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/}. + +The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your +program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine +library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary +applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use +the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But +first, please read \texttt{http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html}. + +\end{enumerate} + +\end{document} Index: doc/src/GT.eps =================================================================== --- doc/src/GT.eps (nonexistent) +++ doc/src/GT.eps (revision 4) @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +%!PS-Adobe-3.0 EPSF-3.0 +%%BoundingBox: 0 0 504 288 +%%Creator: Gisselquist Technology LLC +%%Title: Gisselquist Technology Logo +%%CreationDate: 11 Mar 2014 +%%EndComments +%%BeginProlog +/black { 0 setgray } def +/white { 1 setgray } def +/height { 288 } def +/lw { height 8 div } def +%%EndProlog +% %%Page: 1 + +false { % A bounding box + 0 setlinewidth + newpath + 0 0 moveto + 0 height lineto + 1.625 height mul lw add 0 rlineto + 0 height neg rlineto + closepath stroke +} if + +true { % The "G" + newpath + height 2 div 1.25 mul height moveto + height 2 div height 4 div sub height lineto + 0 height 3 4 div mul lineto + 0 height 4 div lineto + height 4 div 0 lineto + height 3 4 div mul 0 lineto + height height 4 div lineto + height height 2 div lineto + % + height lw sub height 2 div lineto + height lw sub height 4 div lw 2 div add lineto + height 3 4 div mul lw 2 div sub lw lineto + height 4 div lw 2 div add lw lineto + lw height 4 div lw 2 div add lineto + lw height 3 4 div mul lw 2 div sub lineto + height 4 div lw 2 div add height lw sub lineto + height 2 div 1.25 mul height lw sub lineto + closepath fill + newpath + height 2 div height 2 div moveto + height 2 div 0 rlineto + 0 height 2 div neg rlineto + lw neg 0 rlineto + 0 height 2 div lw sub rlineto + height 2 div height 2 div lw sub lineto + closepath fill +} if + +height 2 div 1.25 mul lw add 0 translate +false { + newpath + 0 height moveto + height 0 rlineto + 0 lw neg rlineto + height lw sub 2 div neg 0 rlineto + 0 height lw sub neg rlineto + lw neg 0 rlineto + 0 height lw sub rlineto + height lw sub 2 div neg 0 rlineto + 0 lw rlineto + closepath fill +} if + +true { % The "T" of "GT". + newpath + 0 height moveto + height lw add 2 div 0 rlineto + 0 height neg rlineto + lw neg 0 rlineto + 0 height lw sub rlineto + height lw sub 2 div neg 0 rlineto + closepath fill + + % The right half of the top of the "T" + newpath + % (height + lw)/2 + lw + height lw add 2 div lw add height moveto + % height - (above) = height - height/2 - 3/2 lw = height/2-3/2lw + height 3 lw mul sub 2 div 0 rlineto + 0 lw neg rlineto + height 3 lw mul sub 2 div neg 0 rlineto + closepath fill +} if + + +grestore +showpage +%%EOF Index: doc/src/gqtekspec.cls =================================================================== --- doc/src/gqtekspec.cls (nonexistent) +++ doc/src/gqtekspec.cls (revision 4) @@ -0,0 +1,298 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%/ +% +% Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC +% +% This template is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it +% under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the +% Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your +% option) any later version. +% +% This template is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT +% ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or +% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License +% for more details. +% +% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along +% with this program. If not, see for a copy. +% +% License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org, +% http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html +% +% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +% \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[1995/12/01] +\ProvidesClass{gqtekspec}[2015/03/03 v0.1 -- Gisselquist Technology Specification] +\typeout{by Dan Gisselquist} +\LoadClassWithOptions{report} +\usepackage{datetime} +\usepackage{graphicx} +\usepackage[dvips]{pstricks} +\usepackage{hhline} +\usepackage{colortbl} +\definecolor{webgreen}{rgb}{0,0.5,0} +\usepackage[dvips,colorlinks=true,linkcolor=webgreen]{hyperref} +\newdateformat{headerdate}{\THEYEAR/\twodigit{\THEMONTH}/\twodigit{\THEDAY}} +\setlength{\hoffset}{0.25in} +\setlength{\voffset}{-0.5in} +\setlength{\marginparwidth}{0in} +\setlength{\marginparsep}{0in} +\setlength{\textwidth}{6in} +\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0in} + +% ************************************** +% * APPENDIX * +% ************************************** +% +\newcommand\appfl@g{\appendixname} %used to test \@chapapp +% +% \renewcommand\appendix{\par\clearpage + % \setcounter{chapter}{0}% + % \setcounter{section}{0}% + % \renewcommand\@chapapp{\appendixname}% + % \renewcommand\thechapter{\Alph{chapter}} + % \if@nosectnum\else + % \renewcommand\thesection{\Alph{chapter}.\arabic{section}} + % \fi +% } + + +% FIGURE +% redefine the @caption command to put a period after the figure or +% table number in the lof and lot tables +\long\def\@caption#1[#2]#3{\par\addcontentsline{\csname + ext@#1\endcsname}{#1}{\protect\numberline{\csname + the#1\endcsname.}{\ignorespaces #2}}\begingroup + \@parboxrestore + \normalsize + \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces #3}\par + \endgroup} + +% **************************************** +% * TABLE OF CONTENTS, ETC. * +% **************************************** + +\renewcommand\contentsname{Contents} +\renewcommand\listfigurename{Figures} +\renewcommand\listtablename{Tables} + +\newif\if@toc \@tocfalse +\renewcommand\tableofcontents{% + \begingroup% temporarily set if@toc so that \@schapter will not + % put Table of Contents in the table of contents. + \@toctrue + \chapter*{\contentsname} + \endgroup + \thispagestyle{gqtekspecplain} + + \baselineskip=10pt plus .5pt minus .5pt + + {\raggedleft Page \par\vskip-\parskip} + \@starttoc{toc}% + \baselineskip=\normalbaselineskip + } + +\def\l@appendix{\pagebreak[3] + \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt % space above appendix line + \@dottedtocline{0}{0em}{8em}} + +\def\l@chapter{\pagebreak[3] + \vskip 1.0em plus 1pt % space above appendix line + \@dottedtocline{0}{0em}{4em}} + +% \if@nosectnum\else + % \renewcommand\l@section{\@dottedtocline{1}{5.5em}{2.4em}} + % \renewcommand\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{8.5em}{3.2em}} + % \renewcommand\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{11em}{4.1em}} + % \renewcommand\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{13.5em}{5em}} + % \renewcommand\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{16em}{6em}} +% \fi + +% LIST OF FIGURES +% +\def\listoffigures{% + \begingroup + \chapter*{\listfigurename}% + \endgroup + \thispagestyle{gqtekspecplain}% + + \baselineskip=10pt plus .5pt minus .5pt% + + {\hbox to \hsize{Figure\hfil Page} \par\vskip-\parskip}% + + \rule[2mm]{\textwidth}{0.5mm}\par + + \@starttoc{lof}% + \baselineskip=\normalbaselineskip}% + +\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1em}{4.0em}} + +% LIST OF TABLES +% +\def\listoftables{% + \begingroup + \chapter*{\listtablename}% + \endgroup + \thispagestyle{gqtekspecplain}% + \baselineskip=10pt plus .5pt minus .5pt% + {\hbox to \hsize{Table\hfil Page} \par\vskip-\parskip}% + + % Added line underneath headings, 20 Jun 01, Capt Todd Hale. + \rule[2mm]{\textwidth}{0.5mm}\par + + \@starttoc{lot}% + \baselineskip=\normalbaselineskip}% + +\let\l@table\l@figure + +% **************************************** +% * PAGE STYLES * +% **************************************** +% +\def\ps@gqtekspectoc{% + \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{} + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspectocn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} +\def\ps@gqtekspectocn{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{\rm \hfil\raisebox{10pt}{Page}} + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspectocn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} + +\def\ps@gqtekspeclof{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{} + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspeclofn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} +\def\ps@gqtekspeclofn{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{\rm + \parbox{\textwidth}{\raisebox{0pt}{Figure}\hfil\raisebox{0pt}{Page} % + \raisebox{20pt}{\rule[10pt]{\textwidth}{0.5mm}} }} + + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspeclofn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} + +\def\ps@gqtekspeclot{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{} + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspeclotn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} +\def\ps@gqtekspeclotn{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{\rm + \parbox{\textwidth}{\raisebox{0pt}{Table}\hfil\raisebox{0pt}{Page} % + \raisebox{20pt}{\rule[10pt]{\textwidth}{0.5mm}} }} + + \def \@oddfoot{\rm + \hfil\raisebox{-9pt}{\thepage}\hfil\thispagestyle{gqtekspeclotn}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} + +\def\ps@gqtekspecplain{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo + \def \@oddhead{\rput(0,-2pt){\psline(0,0)(\textwidth,0)}\rm \hbox to 1in{\includegraphics[height=0.8\headheight]{GT.eps} Gisselquist Technology, LLC}\hfil\hbox{\@title}\hfil\hbox to 1in{\hfil\headerdate\@date}} + \def \@oddfoot{\rput(0,9pt){\psline(0,0)(\textwidth,0)}\rm \hbox to 1in{www.opencores.com\hfil}\hfil\hbox{\r@vision}\hfil\hbox to 1in{\hfil{\thepage}}} + \let \@evenhead\@oddhead \let \@evenfoot\@oddfoot} + +% \def\author#1{\def\auth@r{#1}} +% \def\title#1{\def\ti@tle{#1}} + +\def\logo{\begin{pspicture}(0,0)(5.67in,0.75in) + \rput[lb](0.05in,0.10in){\includegraphics[height=0.75in]{GT.eps}} + \rput[lb](1.15in,0.05in){\scalebox{1.8}{\parbox{2.0in}{Gisselquist\\Technology, LLC}}} + \end{pspicture}} +% TITLEPAGE +% +\def\titlepage{\setcounter{page}{1} + \typeout{^^JTitle Page.} + \thispagestyle{empty} + \leftline{\rput(0,0){\psline(0,0)(\textwidth,0)}\hfill} + \vskip 2\baselineskip + \logo\hfil % Original is 3.91 in x 1.26 in, let's match V thus + \vskip 2\baselineskip + \vspace*{10pt}\vfil + \begin{minipage}{\textwidth}\raggedleft + \ifproject{\Huge\bfseries\MakeUppercase\@project} \\\fi + \vspace*{15pt} + {\Huge\bfseries\MakeUppercase\@title} \\ + \vskip 10\baselineskip + \Large \@author \\ + \ifemail{\Large \@email}\\\fi + \vskip 6\baselineskip + \Large \usdate\@date \\ + \end{minipage} + % \baselineskip 22.5pt\large\rm\MakeUppercase\ti@tle + \vspace*{30pt} + \vfil + \newpage\baselineskip=\normalbaselineskip} + +\newenvironment{license}{\clearpage\typeout{^^JLicense Page.}\ \vfill\noindent}% + {\vfill\newpage} +% **************************************** +% * CHAPTER DEFINITIONS * +% **************************************** +% +\renewcommand\chapter{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi + \thispagestyle{gqtekspecplain}% + \global\@topnum\z@ + \@afterindentfalse + \secdef\@chapter\@schapter} +\renewcommand\@makechapterhead[1]{% + \hbox to \textwidth{\hfil{\Huge\bfseries \thechapter.}}\vskip 10\p@ + \hbox to \textwidth{\rput(0,0){\psline[linewidth=0.04in](0,0)(\textwidth,0)}}\vskip \p@ + \hbox to \textwidth{\rput(0,0){\psline[linewidth=0.04in](0,0)(\textwidth,0)}}\vskip 10\p@ + \hbox to \textwidth{\hfill{\Huge\bfseries #1}}% + \par\nobreak\vskip 40\p@} +\renewcommand\@makeschapterhead[1]{% + \hbox to \textwidth{\hfill{\Huge\bfseries #1}}% + \par\nobreak\vskip 40\p@} +% **************************************** +% * INITIALIZATION * +% **************************************** +% +% Default initializations + +\ps@gqtekspecplain % 'gqtekspecplain' page style with lowered page nos. +\onecolumn % Single-column. +\pagenumbering{roman} % the first chapter will change pagenumbering + % to arabic +\setcounter{page}{1} % in case a titlepage is not requested + % otherwise titlepage sets page to 1 since the + % flyleaf is not counted as a page +\widowpenalty 10000 % completely discourage widow lines +\clubpenalty 10000 % completely discourage club (orphan) lines +\raggedbottom % don't force alignment of bottom of pages + +\date{\today} +\newif\ifproject\projectfalse +\def\project#1{\projecttrue\gdef\@project{#1}} +\def\@project{} +\newif\ifemail\emailfalse +\def\email#1{\emailtrue\gdef\@email{#1}} +\def\@email{} +\def\revision#1{\gdef\r@vision{#1}} +\def\r@vision{} +\def\at{\makeatletter @\makeatother} +\newdateformat{theyear}{\THEYEAR} +\newenvironment{revisionhistory}{\clearpage\typeout{^^JRevision History.}% + \hbox to \textwidth{\hfil\scalebox{1.8}{\large\bfseries Revision History}}\vskip 10\p@\noindent% + \begin{tabular}{|p{0.5in}|p{1in}|p{1in}|p{2.875in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.8} Rev. & Date & Author & Description\\\hline\hline} + {\end{tabular}\clearpage} +\newenvironment{clocklist}{\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75in}|p{0.5in}|l|l|p{2.875in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} Name & Source & \multicolumn{2}{l|}{Rates (MHz)} & Description \\\hhline{~|~|-|-|~}% + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} & & Max & Min & \\\hline\hline}% + {\end{tabular}} +\newenvironment{reglist}{\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75in}|p{0.5in}|p{0.5in}|p{0.5in}|p{2.875in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} Name & Address & Width & Access & Description \\\hline\hline}% + {\end{tabular}} +\newenvironment{bitlist}{\begin{tabular}{|p{0.5in}|p{0.5in}|p{3.875in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} Bit \# & Access & Description \\\hline\hline}% + {\end{tabular}} +\newenvironment{portlist}{\begin{tabular}{|p{0.75in}|p{0.5in}|p{0.75in}|p{3.375in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} Port & Width & Direction & Description \\\hline\hline}% + {\end{tabular}} +\newenvironment{wishboneds}{\begin{tabular}{|p{2.5in}|p{2.5in}|}\hline + \rowcolor[gray]{0.85} Description & Specification \\\hline\hline}% + {\end{tabular}} +\newenvironment{preface}{\chapter*{Preface}}{\par\bigskip\bigskip\leftline{\hfill\@author}} +\endinput Index: doc/src/spec.tex =================================================================== --- doc/src/spec.tex (nonexistent) +++ doc/src/spec.tex (revision 4) @@ -0,0 +1,400 @@ +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% +%% Filename: spec.tex +%% +%% Project: Wishbone controlled FM Transmitter Hack +%% +%% Purpose: This LaTeX file contains all of the documentation/description +%% currently provided with this FM transmitter hack. It's not +%% nearly as interesting as the PDF file it creates, so I'd +%% recommend reading that before diving into this file. You +%% should be able to find the PDF file in the SVN distribution +%% together with this PDF file and a copy of the GPL-3.0 license +%% this file is distributed under. If not, just type 'make' +%% in the doc directory and it (should) build without a problem. +%% +%% +%% Creator: Dan Gisselquist +%% Gisselquist Technology, LLC +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +%% +%% Copyright (C) 2016, Gisselquist Technology, LLC +%% +%% This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or +%% modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published +%% by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at +%% your option) any later version. +%% +%% This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT +%% ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or +%% FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License +%% for more details. +%% +%% You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along +%% with this program. (It's in the $(ROOT)/doc directory, run make with no +%% target there if the PDF file isn't present.) If not, see +%% for a copy. +%% +%% License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org, +%% http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html +%% +%% +%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% +\documentclass{gqtekspec} +\project{Wishbone Controlled FM Transmitter Hack} +\title{Specification} +\author{Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D.} +\email{dgisselq (at) opencores.org} +\revision{Rev.~0.1} +\begin{document} +\pagestyle{gqtekspecplain} +\titlepage +\begin{license} +Copyright (C) \theyear\today, Gisselquist Technology, LLC + +This project is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or +modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published +by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at +your option) any later version. + +This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT +ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or +FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License +for more details. + +You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along +with this program. If not, see \texttt{http://www.gnu.org/licenses/} for a +copy. +\end{license} +\begin{revisionhistory} +0.1 & 6/15/2016 & Gisselquist & First Draft \\\hline +\end{revisionhistory} +% Revision History +% Table of Contents, named Contents +\tableofcontents +% \listoffigures +\listoftables +\begin{preface} +After watching someone demonstrate a Python hack that turned a Raspberry Pi +into a poor man's FM transmitter, I decided that I should try to see if I could +do the same with an FPGA. Indeed, it should be easier with an FPGA: the FPGA +has complete control of the clock, as well as what the data line does. +Therefore, this hack attempts to turn a GPIO line into an FM transmitter line +for an antenna. +\end{preface} + +\chapter{Introduction} +\pagenumbering{arabic} +\setcounter{page}{1} + +This project is a hack. + +It is not intended, nor appropriate, for any commercial or otherwise +useful product. Broadcasting on commercial FM channels has legal implications +associated with it. I am not recommending that you turn your FPGA into an +illegal FM transmitter. + +The purpose of this project is to show that an FPGA's outputs can be used to +create a (nearly) analog FM output. + +As the preface mentions, this project is also about one-upsmanship. Just +because your Raspberry Pi can do something doesn't mean my FPGA can't. Here, +let me prove to you that an FPGA can create and broadcast on a commercial +FM radio channel. + +As with any specification, this one is broken into sections or chapters. +Chap.~\ref{ch:ops} will start off by explaining how to use this core. +Chap.~\ref{ch:regs} will then discuss the registers in detail. This may seem +like rehashing the Chap.~\ref{ch:ops} chapter, but the information is presented +in a different order. Chap.~\ref{ch:wb} then presents the wishbone data sheet +necessary for any wishbone compliant core. Finally, Chap.~\ref{ch:io} walks +through the I/O ports of the core. + +% \chapter{Architecture} +\chapter{Operation}\label{ch:ops} + +From a logical standpoint, the operation of this core is quite simple. Just +follow the following steps: +\begin{enumerate} +\item Select the frequency ``channel'' to transmit on. +\item Adjust the sample rate to set how fast output samples will be sent to the + device. +\item Send the first sample to the core +\item Wait for an interrupt, then send the next sample to the core +\item Repeat step 4 until the desired transmission is done. +\item Once transmission is complete, set the frequency ``channel'' slash + NCO step size to zero. +\item Set the next sample to zero. +\item Disable, in your interrupt controller (external to this core) the + interrupt generated by this core. +\end{enumerate} + +Internally, the core attempts to generate a square wave at a frequency given by +the set frequency plus an amount given by the sample value times a constant. +To do this, the core maintains a 32~bit counter which will roll over at the +carrier +frequency times per second. The top bit of this counter becomes the output +bit for the transmitter. The counter is incremented every clock by an amount +used to set the carrier frequency, plus an amount given by the input sample. + +For example, let's assume that the FPGA is running with an 80~MHz clock. +To toggle the output line at a rate of 20~Mhz, one need only set the counter +increment to {\tt 0x40000000}. The top bit will, over time, trace through +{\tt 0, 0, 1, 1 }--creating a square wave at 20~MHz. As a rather interesting +by product of the fact that this is a square wave is that this 20~MHz tone +will have artifacts at odd harmonics of 20~MHz: 60~MHz, 100~MHz, 140~MHz, etc. +The energy in each of these harmonics will decrease, dependent upon both the +FPGA switching speed and the nature of a square wave. In particular, the +100~MHz harmonic will have 13.6~dB less power than the fundamental at 20~MHz. + +Now, if we add a value of {\tt 0x7fff} times 32 to this counter increment, +creating a new increment of {\tt 0x400fffe0}, the new counter will roll over +as many times in $2^{32}$ clocks, creating a frequency of roughly +20.019~MHz. It's fifth harmonic, however, will be at 100.097~MHz, nicely at the +edge, if not a little beyond, the frequency range of FM broadcast radio. + +By changing the offset to the counter increment with each sample, we create a +Frequency Modulation. This is what allows us to generate an FM waveform +similar to that in the FM Broadcast band. + +If only life were that simple, we'd be done at this point. + +The next part of the operation of this hack is the antenna. For best +performance, this output waveform needs to be fed into an antenna with a DC +block and ground as the other lead and a DC block. Ideally, this antenna +should be impedence matched to the board as well. + +For the purposes of our hack, we will ignore these details and hope to +demonstrate success with just the previously discussed logic. + +\section{Software Example} + +Before leaving our concept of operation, let's walk through some code which +was used to demonstrate this board. The demonstration itself was done using +a ZipCPU, together with a modified version of the XuLA2-LX25 SoC, both +available from OpenCores.\footnote{That is, the XuLA2-LX25 SoC is available +from OpenCores, as is the ZipCPU, but the modified version is not posted. It +just didn't seem worth it to maintain a simple hack there.} + +The first step is to set the frequency channel of the board. Here, we set it +to $91.9$~MHz, based upon an 80~MHz internal oscillator clock. +\begin{eqnarray} +{\mbox{\tt sys->io\_fmtx\_nco}} &=& \mbox{\tt 0x26147ae1;} +\end{eqnarray} + +The next step is to set the sample rate of the device. In my case, I set this +as a parameter to the module. However, it can also be set here as a run time +configuration parameter: +\begin{eqnarray} +{\mbox{\tt sys->io\_fmtx\_audio}} &=& \mbox{\tt 1814<<16;} +\end{eqnarray} + +For our example, we'll poll the interrupt controller to see when the +{\tt INT\_FM} interrupt line goes high: +\begin{eqnarray} +{\mbox{\tt while((sys->io\_pic \& INT\_FM)==0) ;}} +\end{eqnarray} + +Once it goes high, we can send a sample to the transmitter, +\begin{eqnarray} +{\mbox{\tt sys->io\_fmtx\_audio}} &=& \mbox{\tt sample \& 0x0ffff}; +\end{eqnarray} + +We now repeat the process of checking the transmitter for readiness to send the next sample, and sending samples, until we are done. + +Once complete, we simply turn the module off: +\begin{eqnarray} +{\mbox{\tt sys->io\_fmtx\_nco}} &=& \mbox{\tt 0;} \\ +{\mbox{\tt sys->io\_fmtx\_audio}} &=& \mbox{\tt 0;} +\end{eqnarray} + + +That's it! It's really quite simple to use. + +\chapter{Registers}\label{ch:regs} + +This FM Transmitter core supports two registers, as listed in +Tbl.~\ref{tbl:reglist}: a next sample register, {\tt SAMPLE}, and a carrier +frequency control register called {\tt NCOSTEP}. +\begin{table}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\begin{reglist} +SAMPLE & 0 & 32 & R/W & Controls the sample value out of the transmitter, + as well as the sample rate of the transmitters interrupts requesting + further samples.\\\hline +NCOSTEP & 1 & 32 & R(/W) & Controls the step size of the pseudo-oscillator + controlling the RF frequency. Appropriate writes to this register + will determine what channel the FM transmitter broadcasts on. + \\\hline +\end{reglist}\caption{List of Registers}\label{tbl:reglist} +\end{center}\end{table} +Each register will be discussed in detail in this chapter. + +\section{Sample Register} +The bits in the control register are defined in Tbl.~\ref{tbl:sample}. +\begin{table}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\begin{bitlist} +16--31 & R/W & This is the number of clocks between interrupts. Hence, to + transmit from a waveform file sampled at a rate of $R$~samples per + second, from an FPGA with a clock rate of $F$~Hz, set this value + to $F/R$. For example, to transmit at 44.1~kHz from an FPGA with + an 80~MHz clock, set this value to 1814. + + Writing a value of zero to this register has no effect, allowing + a user to only write the sample value at each write without adjusting + the sample rate.\\\hline +0--15 & W & Signed, twos complement, next sample to be broadcast.\\\hline +1--15 & R & Signed, twos complement, current sample being broadcast.\\\hline +0 & R & A 1'b1 if the interrupt is currently active, otherwise zero. The + actual lowest bit of the data value in the transmitter cannot be read + out.\\\hline +\end{bitlist} +\caption{Sample Register}\label{tbl:sample} +\end{center}\end{table} + +Basically, in sum, the top 16~bits determine the sample rate of the audio +being sent to the device. Perhaps more accurately, they set the number of +clocks between assertions of the CPU interrupt line. The core will internally +run a timer at an interval given by these bits. When the timer is up, it will +transmit its next sample, assert an interrupt, and restart the timer with this +value. The CPU will then have until the timer expires to provide the next +sample. Writing to this register with these bits set to zero will cause them +to be ignored. + +It should be possible to run this from a DMA controller, although I have not +tried to do so. + +The lower 16 bits of this register, when written to, control the next audio +sample out of the device. When read from, they return the current audio sample +being produced by the device, and in the low order bit whether or not an +interrupt is currently being asserted. + +\section{Carrier Frequency Control Register} +Based upon Nyquist principles, properly producing a sampled tone requires +samples that are at least twice the frequency of the desired tone. In the +case of commercial FM in the US, the highest frequency may be roughly 110~MHz. +This means that the FPGA must produce a sampled output using a clock of at +least 220~MHz. + +My FPGA boards don't clock that high. Instead, I can clock my Spartan--6 boards +at 80~MHz. While this should be sufficient for transmitting in the Citizen's +Band of 26~to 28~MHz, it is entirely insufficient for transmitting at commercial +radio. + +Instead, to reach these really high speeds, this core exploits what +is normally an undesired consequence of sampling: aliasing. Basically, that +means that it is possible to produce a tone at some frequency, such as 10~MHz, +as well as your clock rate plus that frequency, or 90~MHz in my case. The +90~MHz output is often considered an undesirable artifact of the square wave +outputs produced by the FPGA, but in our case we exploit this. + +Now that all that is said, we can discuss setting the Carrier Frequency +Control Reigster. This register is set when you wish to begin transmitting +to: +\begin{eqnarray} +{\tt CFCR} &=& \left\lfloor \frac{2^{32} f_{ch}}{f_{\mbox{\tiny FPGA}}} + +\frac{1}{2}\right\rfloor +\end{eqnarray} +where $f_{ch}$ is the center frequency you wish to transmit on, and +$f_{\mbox{\tiny FPGA}}$ is your FPGA clock frequency. Note that this value +will be greater than $2^{32}$ for my setup, since the frequency of my FPGA +is less than that of the channel I wish to transmit on. In this case, just +throw away any bits above the lower thirty--two and continue. + +As an example, my FPGA's clock runs at 80~MHz. In order to transmit at +91.9~MHz, I would then set the {\tt CFCR} register to +\hbox{0x26147ae1}. + +\chapter{Wishbone Datasheet}\label{chap:wishbone}\label{ch:wb} +Tbl.~\ref{tbl:wishbone} +\begin{table}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\begin{wishboneds} +Revision level of wishbone & WB B4 spec \\\hline +Type of interface & Slave, Read/Write, pipeline reads supported \\\hline +Port size & 32--bit \\\hline +Port granularity & 32--bit \\\hline +Maximum Operand Size & 32--bit \\\hline +Data transfer ordering & (Irrelevant) \\\hline +Clock constraints & None.\\\hline +Signal Names & \begin{tabular}{ll} + Signal Name & Wishbone Equivalent \\\hline + {\tt i\_wb\_clk} & {\tt CLK\_I} \\ + {\tt i\_wb\_cyc} & {\tt CYC\_I} \\ + {\tt i\_wb\_stb} & {\tt STB\_I} \\ + {\tt i\_wb\_we} & {\tt WE\_I} \\ + {\tt i\_wb\_addr} & {\tt ADR\_I} \\ + {\tt i\_wb\_data} & {\tt DAT\_I} \\ + {\tt o\_wb\_ack} & {\tt ACK\_O} \\ + {\tt o\_wb\_stall} & {\tt STALL\_O} \\ + {\tt o\_wb\_data} & {\tt DAT\_O} + \end{tabular}\\\hline +\end{wishboneds} +\caption{Wishbone Datasheet}\label{tbl:wishbone} +\end{center}\end{table} +is required by the wishbone specification, and so +it is included here. The big thing to notice is that this core +acts as a wishbone slave, and that all accesses to any local +registers become 32--bit reads and writes to this interface. + +\chapter{IO Ports}\label{ch:io} + +The ports are listed in Table.~\ref{tbl:ioports}. +\begin{table}[htbp] +\begin{center} +\begin{portlist} +{\tt i\_clk} & 1 & Input & The clock synchronizing the entire core.\\\hline +{\tt i\_wb\_cyc} & 1 & Input & Indicates a wishbone bus cycle is active when + high. \\\hline +{\tt i\_wb\_stb} & 1 & Input & Indicates a wishbone bus cycle for this + peripheral when high. (See the wishbone spec for more details) \\\hline +{\tt i\_wb\_we} & 1 & Input & Write enable, allows indicates a write to one of + the two registers when {\tt i\_wb\_stb} is also high. + \\\hline +{\tt i\_wb\_addr} & 1 & Input & A single address line, set to zero to access the + configuration and control register, to one to access the data + register. \\\hline +{\tt i\_wb\_data} & 32 & Input & Data used when writing to the core. Valid + when {\tt i\_wb\_cyc}, {\tt i\_wb\_stb}, and {\tt i\_wb\_we} + are all high, ignored otherwise. \\\hline +{\tt o\_wb\_ack} & 1 & Output & Wishbone acknowledgement. This line will go + high on the clock after any wishbone access.\\\hline +{\tt o\_wb\_stall} & 1 & Output & Required by the wishbone spec, but always + set to zero in this implementation. + \\\hline +{\tt o\_wb\_data} & 32 & Output & Value read, whether the next sample register + or the nco step register, headed back to the wishbone bus master. + These bits will be valid during any + read cycle when the {\tt o\_wb\_ack} line is high. + \\\hline +{\tt o\_tx} & 1 & Output & A one wire output value to be sent to the ``antenna'' + output pin of your FPGA.\\\hline +{\tt o\_int} & 1 & Output & True whenever the next sample has transitioned + to the current sample, until a new next sample is written. \\\hline +\end{portlist} +\caption{List of IO ports}\label{tbl:ioports} +\end{center}\end{table} +Of these ports, the {\tt i\_wb\_*} and the {\tt o\_wb\_*} ports are all +defined by the wishbone specification. This leaves two ports of interest, +{\tt o\_tx} and {\tt o\_int}. + +The {\tt o\_tx} output is the FM transmitter output. This output needs to be +wired off of your board to your FM transmit antenna. Should your board not have +such an antenna, one can often be improvised by sending this output to any +available output ports from your FPGA. The more GPIO's that are set with this +value, the more power the device will output and likewise the better the output +may approximate an FM antenna. + +Finally, the {\tt o\_int} line is an interrupt line to be sent to whatever +controller is controlling the transmitter. This interrupt line will be set +whenever the transmitter is ready for a new sample. It is also self clearing, +so that sending a sample to the transmitter will turn this off until the next +value is needed. + +% Appendices +% Index +\end{document} + + Index: doc/gpl-3.0.pdf =================================================================== Cannot display: file marked as a binary type. svn:mime-type = application/octet-stream Index: doc/gpl-3.0.pdf =================================================================== --- doc/gpl-3.0.pdf (nonexistent) +++ doc/gpl-3.0.pdf (revision 4)
doc/gpl-3.0.pdf Property changes : Added: svn:mime-type ## -0,0 +1 ## +application/octet-stream \ No newline at end of property Index: doc/Makefile =================================================================== --- doc/Makefile (nonexistent) +++ doc/Makefile (revision 4) @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +################################################################################ +## +## Filename: Makefile +## +## Project: A Wishbone Controlled FM Transmitter Hack +## +## Purpose: To coordinate the build of the documentation files. A completed +## set of documentation files should have been provided with this +## distribution. If not, type make in the directory containing this file +## and the specification and licence files will be created. +## +## Targets: +## +## (Default) Specification and GPL license. +## +## gpl-3.0.pdf A copy of the GPL 3.0 license, under which this software +## is distributed. +## +## spec.pdf The specification for this module. +## +## +## Creator: Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D. +## Gisselquist Technology, LLC +## +################################################################################ +## +## Copyright (C) 2015-2016, Gisselquist Technology, LLC +## +## This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or +## modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published +## by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at +## your option) any later version. +## +## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT +## ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or +## FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License +## for more details. +## +## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along +## with this program. (It's in the $(ROOT)/doc directory. Run make with no +## target there if the PDF file isn't present.) If not, see +## for a copy. +## +## License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org, +## http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html +## +## +################################################################################ +## +## +all: gpl-3.0.pdf spec.pdf +DSRC := src + +gpl-3.0.pdf: $(DSRC)/gpl-3.0.tex + latex $(DSRC)/gpl-3.0.tex + @# Run twice, to get any cross referencing right + latex $(DSRC)/gpl-3.0.tex + @# Convert from a device independent file to a postscript file + dvips -q -z -t letter -P pdf -o gpl-3.0.ps gpl-3.0.dvi + @# Convert from postscript to PDF + ps2pdf -dAutoRotatePages=/All gpl-3.0.ps gpl-3.0.pdf + @# Remove the latex generated files that are no longer needed. Remove + @# this line if you are struggling with any kind of errors, as the log + @# file may be valuable to you + rm gpl-3.0.dvi gpl-3.0.log gpl-3.0.aux gpl-3.0.ps + +spec.pdf: $(DSRC)/spec.tex $(DSRC)/gqtekspec.cls + cd $(DSRC)/; latex spec.tex + @# Run twice, to get any cross referencing right + cd $(DSRC)/; latex spec.tex + @# Convert from a device independent file to a postscript file + dvips -q -z -t letter -P pdf -o spec.ps $(DSRC)/spec.dvi + @# Convert from postscript to PDF + ps2pdf -dAutoRotatePages=/All spec.ps spec.pdf + @# Remove the latex generated files that are no longer needed. Remove + @# these next lines if you are struggling with any kind of errors, as + @# they might help you figure out what is going wrong. + rm $(DSRC)/spec.dvi $(DSRC)/spec.log + rm $(DSRC)/spec.aux $(DSRC)/spec.toc + rm $(DSRC)/spec.lot # $(DSRC)/spec.lof # List of figures not created + rm $(DSRC)/spec.out spec.ps +

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