@c Copyright 2002, 2003, 2005
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@c Copyright 2002, 2003, 2005
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@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c Contributed by David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
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@c Contributed by David Mosberger-Tang <davidm@hpl.hp.com>
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c This is part of the GAS manual.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@c For copying conditions, see the file as.texinfo.
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@ifset GENERIC
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@ifset GENERIC
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@page
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@page
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@node IA-64-Dependent
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@node IA-64-Dependent
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@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features
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@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features
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@end ifset
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@end ifset
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@ifclear GENERIC
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@node Machine Dependencies
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@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features
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@chapter IA-64 Dependent Features
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@end ifclear
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@end ifclear
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@cindex IA-64 support
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@cindex IA-64 support
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@menu
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@menu
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* IA-64 Options:: Options
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* IA-64 Options:: Options
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* IA-64 Syntax:: Syntax
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* IA-64 Syntax:: Syntax
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@c * IA-64 Floating Point:: Floating Point // to be written
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@c * IA-64 Floating Point:: Floating Point // to be written
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@c * IA-64 Directives:: IA-64 Machine Directives // to be written
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@c * IA-64 Directives:: IA-64 Machine Directives // to be written
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* IA-64 Opcodes:: Opcodes
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* IA-64 Opcodes:: Opcodes
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@end menu
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@end menu
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@node IA-64 Options
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@node IA-64 Options
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@section Options
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@section Options
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@cindex IA-64 options
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@cindex IA-64 options
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@cindex options for IA-64
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@cindex options for IA-64
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@table @option
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@table @option
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@cindex @code{-mconstant-gp} command line option, IA-64
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@cindex @code{-mconstant-gp} command line option, IA-64
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@item -mconstant-gp
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@item -mconstant-gp
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This option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file
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This option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file
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as using the ``constant GP'' model. With this model, it is assumed
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as using the ``constant GP'' model. With this model, it is assumed
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that the entire program uses a single global pointer (GP) value. Note
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that the entire program uses a single global pointer (GP) value. Note
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that this option does not in any fashion affect the machine code
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that this option does not in any fashion affect the machine code
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emitted by the assembler. All it does is turn on the EF_IA_64_CONS_GP
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emitted by the assembler. All it does is turn on the EF_IA_64_CONS_GP
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flag in the ELF file header.
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flag in the ELF file header.
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@item -mauto-pic
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@item -mauto-pic
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This option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file
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This option instructs the assembler to mark the resulting object file
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as using the ``constant GP without function descriptor'' data model.
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as using the ``constant GP without function descriptor'' data model.
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This model is like the ``constant GP'' model, except that it
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This model is like the ``constant GP'' model, except that it
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additionally does away with function descriptors. What this means is
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additionally does away with function descriptors. What this means is
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that the address of a function refers directly to the function's code
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that the address of a function refers directly to the function's code
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entry-point. Normally, such an address would refer to a function
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entry-point. Normally, such an address would refer to a function
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descriptor, which contains both the code entry-point and the GP-value
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descriptor, which contains both the code entry-point and the GP-value
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needed by the function. Note that this option does not in any fashion
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needed by the function. Note that this option does not in any fashion
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affect the machine code emitted by the assembler. All it does is
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affect the machine code emitted by the assembler. All it does is
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turn on the EF_IA_64_NOFUNCDESC_CONS_GP flag in the ELF file header.
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turn on the EF_IA_64_NOFUNCDESC_CONS_GP flag in the ELF file header.
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@item -milp32
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@item -milp32
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@item -milp64
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@item -milp64
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@item -mlp64
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@item -mlp64
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@item -mp64
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@item -mp64
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These options select the data model. The assembler defaults to @code{-mlp64}
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These options select the data model. The assembler defaults to @code{-mlp64}
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(LP64 data model).
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(LP64 data model).
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@item -mle
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@item -mle
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@item -mbe
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@item -mbe
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These options select the byte order. The @code{-mle} option selects little-endian
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These options select the byte order. The @code{-mle} option selects little-endian
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byte order (default) and @code{-mbe} selects big-endian byte order. Note that
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byte order (default) and @code{-mbe} selects big-endian byte order. Note that
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IA-64 machine code always uses little-endian byte order.
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IA-64 machine code always uses little-endian byte order.
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@item -mtune=itanium1
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@item -mtune=itanium1
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@item -mtune=itanium2
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@item -mtune=itanium2
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Tune for a particular IA-64 CPU, @var{itanium1} or @var{itanium2}. The
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Tune for a particular IA-64 CPU, @var{itanium1} or @var{itanium2}. The
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default is @var{itanium2}.
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default is @var{itanium2}.
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@item -munwind-check=warning
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@item -munwind-check=warning
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@item -munwind-check=error
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@item -munwind-check=error
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These options control what the assembler will do when performing
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These options control what the assembler will do when performing
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consistency checks on unwind directives. @code{-munwind-check=warning}
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consistency checks on unwind directives. @code{-munwind-check=warning}
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will make the assembler issue a warning when an unwind directive check
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will make the assembler issue a warning when an unwind directive check
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fails. This is the default. @code{-munwind-check=error} will make the
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fails. This is the default. @code{-munwind-check=error} will make the
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assembler issue an error when an unwind directive check fails.
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assembler issue an error when an unwind directive check fails.
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@item -mhint.b=ok
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@item -mhint.b=ok
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@item -mhint.b=warning
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@item -mhint.b=warning
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@item -mhint.b=error
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@item -mhint.b=error
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These options control what the assembler will do when the @samp{hint.b}
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These options control what the assembler will do when the @samp{hint.b}
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instruction is used. @code{-mhint.b=ok} will make the assembler accept
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instruction is used. @code{-mhint.b=ok} will make the assembler accept
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@samp{hint.b}. @code{-mint.b=warning} will make the assembler issue a
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@samp{hint.b}. @code{-mint.b=warning} will make the assembler issue a
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warning when @samp{hint.b} is used. @code{-mhint.b=error} will make
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warning when @samp{hint.b} is used. @code{-mhint.b=error} will make
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the assembler treat @samp{hint.b} as an error, which is the default.
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the assembler treat @samp{hint.b} as an error, which is the default.
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@item -x
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@item -x
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@item -xexplicit
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@item -xexplicit
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These options turn on dependency violation checking.
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These options turn on dependency violation checking.
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@item -xauto
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@item -xauto
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This option instructs the assembler to automatically insert stop bits where necessary
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This option instructs the assembler to automatically insert stop bits where necessary
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to remove dependency violations. This is the default mode.
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to remove dependency violations. This is the default mode.
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@item -xnone
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@item -xnone
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This option turns off dependency violation checking.
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This option turns off dependency violation checking.
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@item -xdebug
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@item -xdebug
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This turns on debug output intended to help tracking down bugs in the dependency
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This turns on debug output intended to help tracking down bugs in the dependency
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violation checker.
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violation checker.
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@item -xdebugn
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@item -xdebugn
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This is a shortcut for -xnone -xdebug.
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This is a shortcut for -xnone -xdebug.
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@item -xdebugx
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@item -xdebugx
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This is a shortcut for -xexplicit -xdebug.
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This is a shortcut for -xexplicit -xdebug.
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@end table
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@end table
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@cindex IA-64 Syntax
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@cindex IA-64 Syntax
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@node IA-64 Syntax
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@node IA-64 Syntax
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@section Syntax
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@section Syntax
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The assembler syntax closely follows the IA-64 Assembly Language
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The assembler syntax closely follows the IA-64 Assembly Language
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Reference Guide.
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Reference Guide.
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@menu
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@menu
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* IA-64-Chars:: Special Characters
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* IA-64-Chars:: Special Characters
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* IA-64-Regs:: Register Names
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* IA-64-Regs:: Register Names
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* IA-64-Bits:: Bit Names
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* IA-64-Bits:: Bit Names
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@c * IA-64-Relocs:: Relocations // to be written
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@c * IA-64-Relocs:: Relocations // to be written
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@end menu
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@end menu
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@node IA-64-Chars
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@node IA-64-Chars
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@subsection Special Characters
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@subsection Special Characters
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@cindex line comment character, IA-64
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@cindex line comment character, IA-64
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@cindex IA-64 line comment character
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@cindex IA-64 line comment character
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@samp{//} is the line comment token.
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@samp{//} is the line comment token.
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@cindex line separator, IA-64
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@cindex line separator, IA-64
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@cindex statement separator, IA-64
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@cindex statement separator, IA-64
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@cindex IA-64 line separator
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@cindex IA-64 line separator
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@samp{;} can be used instead of a newline to separate statements.
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@samp{;} can be used instead of a newline to separate statements.
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@node IA-64-Regs
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@node IA-64-Regs
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@subsection Register Names
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@subsection Register Names
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@cindex IA-64 registers
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@cindex IA-64 registers
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@cindex register names, IA-64
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@cindex register names, IA-64
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The 128 integer registers are referred to as @samp{r@var{n}}.
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The 128 integer registers are referred to as @samp{r@var{n}}.
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The 128 floating-point registers are referred to as @samp{f@var{n}}.
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The 128 floating-point registers are referred to as @samp{f@var{n}}.
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The 128 application registers are referred to as @samp{ar@var{n}}.
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The 128 application registers are referred to as @samp{ar@var{n}}.
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The 128 control registers are referred to as @samp{cr@var{n}}.
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The 128 control registers are referred to as @samp{cr@var{n}}.
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The 64 one-bit predicate registers are referred to as @samp{p@var{n}}.
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The 64 one-bit predicate registers are referred to as @samp{p@var{n}}.
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The 8 branch registers are referred to as @samp{b@var{n}}.
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The 8 branch registers are referred to as @samp{b@var{n}}.
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In addition, the assembler defines a number of aliases:
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In addition, the assembler defines a number of aliases:
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@samp{gp} (@samp{r1}), @samp{sp} (@samp{r12}), @samp{rp} (@samp{b0}),
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@samp{gp} (@samp{r1}), @samp{sp} (@samp{r12}), @samp{rp} (@samp{b0}),
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@samp{ret0} (@samp{r8}), @samp{ret1} (@samp{r9}), @samp{ret2} (@samp{r10}),
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@samp{ret0} (@samp{r8}), @samp{ret1} (@samp{r9}), @samp{ret2} (@samp{r10}),
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@samp{ret3} (@samp{r9}), @samp{farg@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}), and
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@samp{ret3} (@samp{r9}), @samp{farg@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}), and
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@samp{fret@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}).
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@samp{fret@var{n}} (@samp{f8+@var{n}}).
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For convenience, the assembler also defines aliases for all named application
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For convenience, the assembler also defines aliases for all named application
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and control registers. For example, @samp{ar.bsp} refers to the register
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and control registers. For example, @samp{ar.bsp} refers to the register
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backing store pointer (@samp{ar17}). Similarly, @samp{cr.eoi} refers to
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backing store pointer (@samp{ar17}). Similarly, @samp{cr.eoi} refers to
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the end-of-interrupt register (@samp{cr67}).
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the end-of-interrupt register (@samp{cr67}).
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@node IA-64-Bits
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@node IA-64-Bits
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@subsection IA-64 Processor-Status-Register (PSR) Bit Names
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@subsection IA-64 Processor-Status-Register (PSR) Bit Names
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@cindex IA-64 Processor-status-Register bit names
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@cindex IA-64 Processor-status-Register bit names
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@cindex PSR bits
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@cindex PSR bits
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@cindex bit names, IA-64
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@cindex bit names, IA-64
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The assembler defines bit masks for each of the bits in the IA-64
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The assembler defines bit masks for each of the bits in the IA-64
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processor status register. For example, @samp{psr.ic} corresponds to
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processor status register. For example, @samp{psr.ic} corresponds to
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a value of 0x2000. These masks are primarily intended for use with
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a value of 0x2000. These masks are primarily intended for use with
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the @samp{ssm}/@samp{sum} and @samp{rsm}/@samp{rum}
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the @samp{ssm}/@samp{sum} and @samp{rsm}/@samp{rum}
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instructions, but they can be used anywhere else where an integer
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instructions, but they can be used anywhere else where an integer
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constant is expected.
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constant is expected.
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@node IA-64 Opcodes
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@node IA-64 Opcodes
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@section Opcodes
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@section Opcodes
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For detailed information on the IA-64 machine instruction set, see the
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For detailed information on the IA-64 machine instruction set, see the
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@c Attempt to work around a very overfull hbox.
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@c Attempt to work around a very overfull hbox.
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@iftex
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@iftex
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IA-64 Assembly Language Reference Guide available at
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IA-64 Assembly Language Reference Guide available at
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@smallfonts
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@smallfonts
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@example
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@example
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http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm
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http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm
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@end example
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@end example
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@textfonts
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@textfonts
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@end iftex
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@end iftex
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@ifnottex
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@ifnottex
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@uref{http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm,IA-64 Architecture Handbook}.
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@uref{http://developer.intel.com/design/itanium/arch_spec.htm,IA-64 Architecture Handbook}.
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@end ifnottex
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@end ifnottex
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