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[/] [openrisc/] [trunk/] [gnu-old/] [gdb-6.8/] [libdecnumber/] [dpd/] [decimal32.c] - Diff between revs 24 and 157

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/* Decimal 32-bit format module for the decNumber C Library.
/* Decimal 32-bit format module for the decNumber C Library.
   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Copyright (C) 2005, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
   Contributed by IBM Corporation.  Author Mike Cowlishaw.
 
 
   This file is part of GCC.
   This file is part of GCC.
 
 
   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
   the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
   Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
   version.
   version.
 
 
   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
   In addition to the permissions in the GNU General Public License,
   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
   the Free Software Foundation gives you unlimited permission to link
   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
   the compiled version of this file into combinations with other
   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
   programs, and to distribute those combinations without any
   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
   restriction coming from the use of this file.  (The General Public
   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
   License restrictions do apply in other respects; for example, they
   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
   cover modification of the file, and distribution when not linked
   into a combine executable.)
   into a combine executable.)
 
 
   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
   GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   for more details.
   for more details.
 
 
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
   along with GCC; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
   02110-1301, USA.  */
   02110-1301, USA.  */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Decimal 32-bit format module                                       */
/* Decimal 32-bit format module                                       */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* This module comprises the routines for decimal32 format numbers.   */
/* This module comprises the routines for decimal32 format numbers.   */
/* Conversions are supplied to and from decNumber and String.         */
/* Conversions are supplied to and from decNumber and String.         */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* This is used when decNumber provides operations, either for all    */
/* This is used when decNumber provides operations, either for all    */
/* operations or as a proxy between decNumber and decSingle.          */
/* operations or as a proxy between decNumber and decSingle.          */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* Error handling is the same as decNumber (qv.).                     */
/* Error handling is the same as decNumber (qv.).                     */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
#include <string.h>           /* [for memset/memcpy] */
#include <string.h>           /* [for memset/memcpy] */
#include <stdio.h>            /* [for printf] */
#include <stdio.h>            /* [for printf] */
 
 
#include "config.h"           /* GCC definitions */
#include "config.h"           /* GCC definitions */
#define  DECNUMDIGITS  7      /* make decNumbers with space for 7 */
#define  DECNUMDIGITS  7      /* make decNumbers with space for 7 */
#include "decNumber.h"        /* base number library */
#include "decNumber.h"        /* base number library */
#include "decNumberLocal.h"   /* decNumber local types, etc. */
#include "decNumberLocal.h"   /* decNumber local types, etc. */
#include "decimal32.h"        /* our primary include */
#include "decimal32.h"        /* our primary include */
 
 
/* Utility tables and routines [in decimal64.c] */
/* Utility tables and routines [in decimal64.c] */
extern const uInt   COMBEXP[32], COMBMSD[32];
extern const uInt   COMBEXP[32], COMBMSD[32];
extern const uShort DPD2BIN[1024];
extern const uShort DPD2BIN[1024];
extern const uShort BIN2DPD[1000];
extern const uShort BIN2DPD[1000];
extern const uByte  BIN2CHAR[4001];
extern const uByte  BIN2CHAR[4001];
 
 
extern void decDigitsToDPD(const decNumber *, uInt *, Int);
extern void decDigitsToDPD(const decNumber *, uInt *, Int);
extern void decDigitsFromDPD(decNumber *, const uInt *, Int);
extern void decDigitsFromDPD(decNumber *, const uInt *, Int);
 
 
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
void decimal32Show(const decimal32 *);            /* for debug */
void decimal32Show(const decimal32 *);            /* for debug */
extern void decNumberShow(const decNumber *);     /* .. */
extern void decNumberShow(const decNumber *);     /* .. */
#endif
#endif
 
 
/* Useful macro */
/* Useful macro */
/* Clear a structure (e.g., a decNumber) */
/* Clear a structure (e.g., a decNumber) */
#define DEC_clear(d) memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d))
#define DEC_clear(d) memset(d, 0, sizeof(*d))
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal32FromNumber -- convert decNumber to decimal32              */
/* decimal32FromNumber -- convert decNumber to decimal32              */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*   ds is the target decimal32                                       */
/*   ds is the target decimal32                                       */
/*   dn is the source number (assumed valid)                          */
/*   dn is the source number (assumed valid)                          */
/*   set is the context, used only for reporting errors               */
/*   set is the context, used only for reporting errors               */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* The set argument is used only for status reporting and for the     */
/* The set argument is used only for status reporting and for the     */
/* rounding mode (used if the coefficient is more than DECIMAL32_Pmax */
/* rounding mode (used if the coefficient is more than DECIMAL32_Pmax */
/* digits or an overflow is detected).  If the exponent is out of the */
/* digits or an overflow is detected).  If the exponent is out of the */
/* valid range then Overflow or Underflow will be raised.             */
/* valid range then Overflow or Underflow will be raised.             */
/* After Underflow a subnormal result is possible.                    */
/* After Underflow a subnormal result is possible.                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* DEC_Clamped is set if the number has to be 'folded down' to fit,   */
/* DEC_Clamped is set if the number has to be 'folded down' to fit,   */
/* by reducing its exponent and multiplying the coefficient by a      */
/* by reducing its exponent and multiplying the coefficient by a      */
/* power of ten, or if the exponent on a zero had to be clamped.      */
/* power of ten, or if the exponent on a zero had to be clamped.      */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal32 * decimal32FromNumber(decimal32 *d32, const decNumber *dn,
decimal32 * decimal32FromNumber(decimal32 *d32, const decNumber *dn,
                              decContext *set) {
                              decContext *set) {
  uInt status=0;            /* status accumulator */
  uInt status=0;            /* status accumulator */
  Int ae;                          /* adjusted exponent */
  Int ae;                          /* adjusted exponent */
  decNumber  dw;                   /* work */
  decNumber  dw;                   /* work */
  decContext dc;                   /* .. */
  decContext dc;                   /* .. */
  uInt *pu;                        /* .. */
  uInt *pu;                        /* .. */
  uInt comb, exp;                  /* .. */
  uInt comb, exp;                  /* .. */
  uInt targ=0;                      /* target 32-bit */
  uInt targ=0;                      /* target 32-bit */
 
 
  /* If the number has too many digits, or the exponent could be */
  /* If the number has too many digits, or the exponent could be */
  /* out of range then reduce the number under the appropriate */
  /* out of range then reduce the number under the appropriate */
  /* constraints.  This could push the number to Infinity or zero, */
  /* constraints.  This could push the number to Infinity or zero, */
  /* so this check and rounding must be done before generating the */
  /* so this check and rounding must be done before generating the */
  /* decimal32] */
  /* decimal32] */
  ae=dn->exponent+dn->digits-1;              /* [0 if special] */
  ae=dn->exponent+dn->digits-1;              /* [0 if special] */
  if (dn->digits>DECIMAL32_Pmax              /* too many digits */
  if (dn->digits>DECIMAL32_Pmax              /* too many digits */
   || ae>DECIMAL32_Emax                      /* likely overflow */
   || ae>DECIMAL32_Emax                      /* likely overflow */
   || ae<DECIMAL32_Emin) {                   /* likely underflow */
   || ae<DECIMAL32_Emin) {                   /* likely underflow */
    decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32); /* [no traps] */
    decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32); /* [no traps] */
    dc.round=set->round;                     /* use supplied rounding */
    dc.round=set->round;                     /* use supplied rounding */
    decNumberPlus(&dw, dn, &dc);             /* (round and check) */
    decNumberPlus(&dw, dn, &dc);             /* (round and check) */
    /* [this changes -0 to 0, so enforce the sign...] */
    /* [this changes -0 to 0, so enforce the sign...] */
    dw.bits|=dn->bits&DECNEG;
    dw.bits|=dn->bits&DECNEG;
    status=dc.status;                        /* save status */
    status=dc.status;                        /* save status */
    dn=&dw;                                  /* use the work number */
    dn=&dw;                                  /* use the work number */
    } /* maybe out of range */
    } /* maybe out of range */
 
 
  if (dn->bits&DECSPECIAL) {                      /* a special value */
  if (dn->bits&DECSPECIAL) {                      /* a special value */
    if (dn->bits&DECINF) targ=DECIMAL_Inf<<24;
    if (dn->bits&DECINF) targ=DECIMAL_Inf<<24;
     else {                                       /* sNaN or qNaN */
     else {                                       /* sNaN or qNaN */
      if ((*dn->lsu!=0 || dn->digits>1)            /* non-zero coefficient */
      if ((*dn->lsu!=0 || dn->digits>1)            /* non-zero coefficient */
       && (dn->digits<DECIMAL32_Pmax)) {          /* coefficient fits */
       && (dn->digits<DECIMAL32_Pmax)) {          /* coefficient fits */
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, &targ, 0);
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, &targ, 0);
        }
        }
      if (dn->bits&DECNAN) targ|=DECIMAL_NaN<<24;
      if (dn->bits&DECNAN) targ|=DECIMAL_NaN<<24;
       else targ|=DECIMAL_sNaN<<24;
       else targ|=DECIMAL_sNaN<<24;
      } /* a NaN */
      } /* a NaN */
    } /* special */
    } /* special */
 
 
   else { /* is finite */
   else { /* is finite */
    if (decNumberIsZero(dn)) {               /* is a zero */
    if (decNumberIsZero(dn)) {               /* is a zero */
      /* set and clamp exponent */
      /* set and clamp exponent */
      if (dn->exponent<-DECIMAL32_Bias) {
      if (dn->exponent<-DECIMAL32_Bias) {
        exp=0;                                /* low clamp */
        exp=0;                                /* low clamp */
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        }
        }
       else {
       else {
        exp=dn->exponent+DECIMAL32_Bias;     /* bias exponent */
        exp=dn->exponent+DECIMAL32_Bias;     /* bias exponent */
        if (exp>DECIMAL32_Ehigh) {           /* top clamp */
        if (exp>DECIMAL32_Ehigh) {           /* top clamp */
          exp=DECIMAL32_Ehigh;
          exp=DECIMAL32_Ehigh;
          status|=DEC_Clamped;
          status|=DEC_Clamped;
          }
          }
        }
        }
      comb=(exp>>3) & 0x18;             /* msd=0, exp top 2 bits .. */
      comb=(exp>>3) & 0x18;             /* msd=0, exp top 2 bits .. */
      }
      }
     else {                             /* non-zero finite number */
     else {                             /* non-zero finite number */
      uInt msd;                         /* work */
      uInt msd;                         /* work */
      Int pad=0;                 /* coefficient pad digits */
      Int pad=0;                 /* coefficient pad digits */
 
 
      /* the dn is known to fit, but it may need to be padded */
      /* the dn is known to fit, but it may need to be padded */
      exp=(uInt)(dn->exponent+DECIMAL32_Bias);    /* bias exponent */
      exp=(uInt)(dn->exponent+DECIMAL32_Bias);    /* bias exponent */
      if (exp>DECIMAL32_Ehigh) {                  /* fold-down case */
      if (exp>DECIMAL32_Ehigh) {                  /* fold-down case */
        pad=exp-DECIMAL32_Ehigh;
        pad=exp-DECIMAL32_Ehigh;
        exp=DECIMAL32_Ehigh;                      /* [to maximum] */
        exp=DECIMAL32_Ehigh;                      /* [to maximum] */
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        status|=DEC_Clamped;
        }
        }
 
 
      /* fastpath common case */
      /* fastpath common case */
      if (DECDPUN==3 && pad==0) {
      if (DECDPUN==3 && pad==0) {
        targ=BIN2DPD[dn->lsu[0]];
        targ=BIN2DPD[dn->lsu[0]];
        if (dn->digits>3) targ|=(uInt)(BIN2DPD[dn->lsu[1]])<<10;
        if (dn->digits>3) targ|=(uInt)(BIN2DPD[dn->lsu[1]])<<10;
        msd=(dn->digits==7 ? dn->lsu[2] : 0);
        msd=(dn->digits==7 ? dn->lsu[2] : 0);
        }
        }
       else { /* general case */
       else { /* general case */
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, &targ, pad);
        decDigitsToDPD(dn, &targ, pad);
        /* save and clear the top digit */
        /* save and clear the top digit */
        msd=targ>>20;
        msd=targ>>20;
        targ&=0x000fffff;
        targ&=0x000fffff;
        }
        }
 
 
      /* create the combination field */
      /* create the combination field */
      if (msd>=8) comb=0x18 | ((exp>>5) & 0x06) | (msd & 0x01);
      if (msd>=8) comb=0x18 | ((exp>>5) & 0x06) | (msd & 0x01);
             else comb=((exp>>3) & 0x18) | msd;
             else comb=((exp>>3) & 0x18) | msd;
      }
      }
    targ|=comb<<26;                /* add combination field .. */
    targ|=comb<<26;                /* add combination field .. */
    targ|=(exp&0x3f)<<20;          /* .. and exponent continuation */
    targ|=(exp&0x3f)<<20;          /* .. and exponent continuation */
    } /* finite */
    } /* finite */
 
 
  if (dn->bits&DECNEG) targ|=0x80000000;  /* add sign bit */
  if (dn->bits&DECNEG) targ|=0x80000000;  /* add sign bit */
 
 
  /* now write to storage; this is endian */
  /* now write to storage; this is endian */
  pu=(uInt *)d32->bytes;           /* overlay */
  pu=(uInt *)d32->bytes;           /* overlay */
  *pu=targ;                        /* directly store the int */
  *pu=targ;                        /* directly store the int */
 
 
  if (status!=0) decContextSetStatus(set, status); /* pass on status */
  if (status!=0) decContextSetStatus(set, status); /* pass on status */
  /* decimal32Show(d32); */
  /* decimal32Show(d32); */
  return d32;
  return d32;
  } /* decimal32FromNumber */
  } /* decimal32FromNumber */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal32ToNumber -- convert decimal32 to decNumber                */
/* decimal32ToNumber -- convert decimal32 to decNumber                */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   dn is the target number, with appropriate space                  */
/*   dn is the target number, with appropriate space                  */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decNumber * decimal32ToNumber(const decimal32 *d32, decNumber *dn) {
decNumber * decimal32ToNumber(const decimal32 *d32, decNumber *dn) {
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  uInt exp;                        /* exponent top two bits */
  uInt exp;                        /* exponent top two bits */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  uInt sour;                       /* source 32-bit */
  uInt sour;                       /* source 32-bit */
  const uInt *pu;                  /* work */
  const uInt *pu;                  /* work */
 
 
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  pu=(const uInt *)d32->bytes;     /* overlay */
  pu=(const uInt *)d32->bytes;     /* overlay */
  sour=*pu;                        /* directly load the int */
  sour=*pu;                        /* directly load the int */
 
 
  comb=(sour>>26)&0x1f;            /* combination field */
  comb=(sour>>26)&0x1f;            /* combination field */
 
 
  decNumberZero(dn);               /* clean number */
  decNumberZero(dn);               /* clean number */
  if (sour&0x80000000) dn->bits=DECNEG; /* set sign if negative */
  if (sour&0x80000000) dn->bits=DECNEG; /* set sign if negative */
 
 
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
 
 
  if (exp==3) {                    /* is a special */
  if (exp==3) {                    /* is a special */
    if (msd==0) {
    if (msd==0) {
      dn->bits|=DECINF;
      dn->bits|=DECINF;
      return dn;                   /* no coefficient needed */
      return dn;                   /* no coefficient needed */
      }
      }
    else if (sour&0x02000000) dn->bits|=DECSNAN;
    else if (sour&0x02000000) dn->bits|=DECSNAN;
    else dn->bits|=DECNAN;
    else dn->bits|=DECNAN;
    msd=0;                          /* no top digit */
    msd=0;                          /* no top digit */
    }
    }
   else {                          /* is a finite number */
   else {                          /* is a finite number */
    dn->exponent=(exp<<6)+((sour>>20)&0x3f)-DECIMAL32_Bias; /* unbiased */
    dn->exponent=(exp<<6)+((sour>>20)&0x3f)-DECIMAL32_Bias; /* unbiased */
    }
    }
 
 
  /* get the coefficient */
  /* get the coefficient */
  sour&=0x000fffff;                /* clean coefficient continuation */
  sour&=0x000fffff;                /* clean coefficient continuation */
  if (msd) {                       /* non-zero msd */
  if (msd) {                       /* non-zero msd */
    sour|=msd<<20;                 /* prefix to coefficient */
    sour|=msd<<20;                 /* prefix to coefficient */
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 3); /* process 3 declets */
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 3); /* process 3 declets */
    return dn;
    return dn;
    }
    }
  /* msd=0 */
  /* msd=0 */
  if (!sour) return dn;            /* easy: coefficient is 0 */
  if (!sour) return dn;            /* easy: coefficient is 0 */
  if (sour&0x000ffc00)             /* need 2 declets? */
  if (sour&0x000ffc00)             /* need 2 declets? */
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 2); /* process 2 declets */
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 2); /* process 2 declets */
   else
   else
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 1); /* process 1 declet */
    decDigitsFromDPD(dn, &sour, 1); /* process 1 declet */
  return dn;
  return dn;
  } /* decimal32ToNumber */
  } /* decimal32ToNumber */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* to-scientific-string -- conversion to numeric string               */
/* to-scientific-string -- conversion to numeric string               */
/* to-engineering-string -- conversion to numeric string              */
/* to-engineering-string -- conversion to numeric string              */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*   decimal32ToString(d32, string);                                  */
/*   decimal32ToString(d32, string);                                  */
/*   decimal32ToEngString(d32, string);                               */
/*   decimal32ToEngString(d32, string);                               */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*  d32 is the decimal32 format number to convert                     */
/*  d32 is the decimal32 format number to convert                     */
/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out            */
/*  string is the string where the result will be laid out            */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*  string must be at least 24 characters                             */
/*  string must be at least 24 characters                             */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*  No error is possible, and no status can be set.                   */
/*  No error is possible, and no status can be set.                   */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
char * decimal32ToEngString(const decimal32 *d32, char *string){
char * decimal32ToEngString(const decimal32 *d32, char *string){
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decNumberToEngString(&dn, string);
  decNumberToEngString(&dn, string);
  return string;
  return string;
  } /* decimal32ToEngString */
  } /* decimal32ToEngString */
 
 
char * decimal32ToString(const decimal32 *d32, char *string){
char * decimal32ToString(const decimal32 *d32, char *string){
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  uInt msd;                        /* coefficient MSD */
  Int  exp;                        /* exponent top two bits or full */
  Int  exp;                        /* exponent top two bits or full */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  uInt comb;                       /* combination field */
  char *cstart;                    /* coefficient start */
  char *cstart;                    /* coefficient start */
  char *c;                         /* output pointer in string */
  char *c;                         /* output pointer in string */
  const uInt *pu;                  /* work */
  const uInt *pu;                  /* work */
  const uByte *u;                  /* .. */
  const uByte *u;                  /* .. */
  char *s, *t;                     /* .. (source, target) */
  char *s, *t;                     /* .. (source, target) */
  Int  dpd;                        /* .. */
  Int  dpd;                        /* .. */
  Int  pre, e;                     /* .. */
  Int  pre, e;                     /* .. */
  uInt sour;                       /* source 32-bit */
  uInt sour;                       /* source 32-bit */
 
 
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  /* load source from storage; this is endian */
  pu=(const uInt *)d32->bytes;     /* overlay */
  pu=(const uInt *)d32->bytes;     /* overlay */
  sour=*pu;                        /* directly load the int */
  sour=*pu;                        /* directly load the int */
 
 
  c=string;                        /* where result will go */
  c=string;                        /* where result will go */
  if (((Int)sour)<0) *c++='-';      /* handle sign */
  if (((Int)sour)<0) *c++='-';      /* handle sign */
 
 
  comb=(sour>>26)&0x1f;            /* combination field */
  comb=(sour>>26)&0x1f;            /* combination field */
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  msd=COMBMSD[comb];               /* decode the combination field */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
  exp=COMBEXP[comb];               /* .. */
 
 
  if (exp==3) {
  if (exp==3) {
    if (msd==0) {                   /* infinity */
    if (msd==0) {                   /* infinity */
      strcpy(c,   "Inf");
      strcpy(c,   "Inf");
      strcpy(c+3, "inity");
      strcpy(c+3, "inity");
      return string;               /* easy */
      return string;               /* easy */
      }
      }
    if (sour&0x02000000) *c++='s'; /* sNaN */
    if (sour&0x02000000) *c++='s'; /* sNaN */
    strcpy(c, "NaN");              /* complete word */
    strcpy(c, "NaN");              /* complete word */
    c+=3;                          /* step past */
    c+=3;                          /* step past */
    if ((sour&0x000fffff)==0) return string; /* zero payload */
    if ((sour&0x000fffff)==0) return string; /* zero payload */
    /* otherwise drop through to add integer; set correct exp */
    /* otherwise drop through to add integer; set correct exp */
    exp=0; msd=0;            /* setup for following code */
    exp=0; msd=0;            /* setup for following code */
    }
    }
   else exp=(exp<<6)+((sour>>20)&0x3f)-DECIMAL32_Bias; /* unbiased */
   else exp=(exp<<6)+((sour>>20)&0x3f)-DECIMAL32_Bias; /* unbiased */
 
 
  /* convert 7 digits of significand to characters */
  /* convert 7 digits of significand to characters */
  cstart=c;                        /* save start of coefficient */
  cstart=c;                        /* save start of coefficient */
  if (msd) *c++='0'+(char)msd;     /* non-zero most significant digit */
  if (msd) *c++='0'+(char)msd;     /* non-zero most significant digit */
 
 
  /* Now decode the declets.  After extracting each one, it is */
  /* Now decode the declets.  After extracting each one, it is */
  /* decoded to binary and then to a 4-char sequence by table lookup; */
  /* decoded to binary and then to a 4-char sequence by table lookup; */
  /* the 4-chars are a 1-char length (significant digits, except 000 */
  /* the 4-chars are a 1-char length (significant digits, except 000 */
  /* has length 0).  This allows us to left-align the first declet */
  /* has length 0).  This allows us to left-align the first declet */
  /* with non-zero content, then remaining ones are full 3-char */
  /* with non-zero content, then remaining ones are full 3-char */
  /* length.  We use fixed-length memcpys because variable-length */
  /* length.  We use fixed-length memcpys because variable-length */
  /* causes a subroutine call in GCC.  (These are length 4 for speed */
  /* causes a subroutine call in GCC.  (These are length 4 for speed */
  /* and are safe because the array has an extra terminator byte.) */
  /* and are safe because the array has an extra terminator byte.) */
  #define dpd2char u=&BIN2CHAR[DPD2BIN[dpd]*4];                   \
  #define dpd2char u=&BIN2CHAR[DPD2BIN[dpd]*4];                   \
                   if (c!=cstart) {memcpy(c, u+1, 4); c+=3;}      \
                   if (c!=cstart) {memcpy(c, u+1, 4); c+=3;}      \
                    else if (*u)  {memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4); c+=*u;}
                    else if (*u)  {memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4); c+=*u;}
 
 
  dpd=(sour>>10)&0x3ff;            /* declet 1 */
  dpd=(sour>>10)&0x3ff;            /* declet 1 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd2char;
  dpd=(sour)&0x3ff;                /* declet 2 */
  dpd=(sour)&0x3ff;                /* declet 2 */
  dpd2char;
  dpd2char;
 
 
  if (c==cstart) *c++='0';         /* all zeros -- make 0 */
  if (c==cstart) *c++='0';         /* all zeros -- make 0 */
 
 
  if (exp==0) {                     /* integer or NaN case -- easy */
  if (exp==0) {                     /* integer or NaN case -- easy */
    *c='\0';                       /* terminate */
    *c='\0';                       /* terminate */
    return string;
    return string;
    }
    }
 
 
  /* non-0 exponent */
  /* non-0 exponent */
  e=0;                              /* assume no E */
  e=0;                              /* assume no E */
  pre=c-cstart+exp;
  pre=c-cstart+exp;
  /* [here, pre-exp is the digits count (==1 for zero)] */
  /* [here, pre-exp is the digits count (==1 for zero)] */
  if (exp>0 || pre<-5) {    /* need exponential form */
  if (exp>0 || pre<-5) {    /* need exponential form */
    e=pre-1;                       /* calculate E value */
    e=pre-1;                       /* calculate E value */
    pre=1;                         /* assume one digit before '.' */
    pre=1;                         /* assume one digit before '.' */
    } /* exponential form */
    } /* exponential form */
 
 
  /* modify the coefficient, adding 0s, '.', and E+nn as needed */
  /* modify the coefficient, adding 0s, '.', and E+nn as needed */
  s=c-1;                           /* source (LSD) */
  s=c-1;                           /* source (LSD) */
  if (pre>0) {                      /* ddd.ddd (plain), perhaps with E */
  if (pre>0) {                      /* ddd.ddd (plain), perhaps with E */
    char *dotat=cstart+pre;
    char *dotat=cstart+pre;
    if (dotat<c) {                 /* if embedded dot needed... */
    if (dotat<c) {                 /* if embedded dot needed... */
      t=c;                              /* target */
      t=c;                              /* target */
      for (; s>=dotat; s--, t--) *t=*s; /* open the gap; leave t at gap */
      for (; s>=dotat; s--, t--) *t=*s; /* open the gap; leave t at gap */
      *t='.';                           /* insert the dot */
      *t='.';                           /* insert the dot */
      c++;                              /* length increased by one */
      c++;                              /* length increased by one */
      }
      }
 
 
    /* finally add the E-part, if needed; it will never be 0, and has */
    /* finally add the E-part, if needed; it will never be 0, and has */
    /* a maximum length of 3 digits (E-101 case) */
    /* a maximum length of 3 digits (E-101 case) */
    if (e!=0) {
    if (e!=0) {
      *c++='E';                    /* starts with E */
      *c++='E';                    /* starts with E */
      *c++='+';                    /* assume positive */
      *c++='+';                    /* assume positive */
      if (e<0) {
      if (e<0) {
        *(c-1)='-';                /* oops, need '-' */
        *(c-1)='-';                /* oops, need '-' */
        e=-e;                      /* uInt, please */
        e=-e;                      /* uInt, please */
        }
        }
      u=&BIN2CHAR[e*4];            /* -> length byte */
      u=&BIN2CHAR[e*4];            /* -> length byte */
      memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4);        /* copy fixed 4 characters [is safe] */
      memcpy(c, u+4-*u, 4);        /* copy fixed 4 characters [is safe] */
      c+=*u;                       /* bump pointer appropriately */
      c+=*u;                       /* bump pointer appropriately */
      }
      }
    *c='\0';                       /* add terminator */
    *c='\0';                       /* add terminator */
    /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
    /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
    return string;
    return string;
    } /* pre>0 */
    } /* pre>0 */
 
 
  /* -5<=pre<=0: here for plain 0.ddd or 0.000ddd forms (can never have E) */
  /* -5<=pre<=0: here for plain 0.ddd or 0.000ddd forms (can never have E) */
  t=c+1-pre;
  t=c+1-pre;
  *(t+1)='\0';                          /* can add terminator now */
  *(t+1)='\0';                          /* can add terminator now */
  for (; s>=cstart; s--, t--) *t=*s;    /* shift whole coefficient right */
  for (; s>=cstart; s--, t--) *t=*s;    /* shift whole coefficient right */
  c=cstart;
  c=cstart;
  *c++='0';                             /* always starts with 0. */
  *c++='0';                             /* always starts with 0. */
  *c++='.';
  *c++='.';
  for (; pre<0; pre++) *c++='0'; /* add any 0's after '.' */
  for (; pre<0; pre++) *c++='0'; /* add any 0's after '.' */
  /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
  /*printf("res %s\n", string); */
  return string;
  return string;
  } /* decimal32ToString */
  } /* decimal32ToString */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* to-number -- conversion from numeric string                        */
/* to-number -- conversion from numeric string                        */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*   decimal32FromString(result, string, set);                        */
/*   decimal32FromString(result, string, set);                        */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/*  result  is the decimal32 format number which gets the result of   */
/*  result  is the decimal32 format number which gets the result of   */
/*          the conversion                                            */
/*          the conversion                                            */
/*  *string is the character string which should contain a valid      */
/*  *string is the character string which should contain a valid      */
/*          number (which may be a special value)                     */
/*          number (which may be a special value)                     */
/*  set     is the context                                            */
/*  set     is the context                                            */
/*                                                                    */
/*                                                                    */
/* The context is supplied to this routine is used for error handling */
/* The context is supplied to this routine is used for error handling */
/* (setting of status and traps) and for the rounding mode, only.     */
/* (setting of status and traps) and for the rounding mode, only.     */
/* If an error occurs, the result will be a valid decimal32 NaN.      */
/* If an error occurs, the result will be a valid decimal32 NaN.      */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal32 * decimal32FromString(decimal32 *result, const char *string,
decimal32 * decimal32FromString(decimal32 *result, const char *string,
                                decContext *set) {
                                decContext *set) {
  decContext dc;                             /* work */
  decContext dc;                             /* work */
  decNumber dn;                              /* .. */
  decNumber dn;                              /* .. */
 
 
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32); /* no traps, please */
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32); /* no traps, please */
  dc.round=set->round;                        /* use supplied rounding */
  dc.round=set->round;                        /* use supplied rounding */
 
 
  decNumberFromString(&dn, string, &dc);     /* will round if needed */
  decNumberFromString(&dn, string, &dc);     /* will round if needed */
  decimal32FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);
  decimal32FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);
  if (dc.status!=0) {                         /* something happened */
  if (dc.status!=0) {                         /* something happened */
    decContextSetStatus(set, dc.status);     /* .. pass it on */
    decContextSetStatus(set, dc.status);     /* .. pass it on */
    }
    }
  return result;
  return result;
  } /* decimal32FromString */
  } /* decimal32FromString */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal32IsCanonical -- test whether encoding is canonical         */
/* decimal32IsCanonical -- test whether encoding is canonical         */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   returns 1 if the encoding of d32 is canonical, 0 otherwise       */
/*   returns 1 if the encoding of d32 is canonical, 0 otherwise       */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
uint32_t decimal32IsCanonical(const decimal32 *d32) {
uint32_t decimal32IsCanonical(const decimal32 *d32) {
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decimal32 canon;                      /* .. */
  decimal32 canon;                      /* .. */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32);
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32);
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decimal32FromNumber(&canon, &dn, &dc);/* canon will now be canonical */
  decimal32FromNumber(&canon, &dn, &dc);/* canon will now be canonical */
  return memcmp(d32, &canon, DECIMAL32_Bytes)==0;
  return memcmp(d32, &canon, DECIMAL32_Bytes)==0;
  } /* decimal32IsCanonical */
  } /* decimal32IsCanonical */
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal32Canonical -- copy an encoding, ensuring it is canonical   */
/* decimal32Canonical -- copy an encoding, ensuring it is canonical   */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   d32 is the source decimal32                                      */
/*   result is the target (may be the same decimal32)                 */
/*   result is the target (may be the same decimal32)                 */
/*   returns result                                                   */
/*   returns result                                                   */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* No error is possible.                                              */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
decimal32 * decimal32Canonical(decimal32 *result, const decimal32 *d32) {
decimal32 * decimal32Canonical(decimal32 *result, const decimal32 *d32) {
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decNumber dn;                         /* work */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContext dc;                        /* .. */
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32);
  decContextDefault(&dc, DEC_INIT_DECIMAL32);
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decimal32ToNumber(d32, &dn);
  decimal32FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);/* result will now be canonical */
  decimal32FromNumber(result, &dn, &dc);/* result will now be canonical */
  return result;
  return result;
  } /* decimal32Canonical */
  } /* decimal32Canonical */
 
 
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
#if DECTRACE || DECCHECK
/* Macros for accessing decimal32 fields.  These assume the argument
/* Macros for accessing decimal32 fields.  These assume the argument
   is a reference (pointer) to the decimal32 structure, and the
   is a reference (pointer) to the decimal32 structure, and the
   decimal32 is in network byte order (big-endian) */
   decimal32 is in network byte order (big-endian) */
/* Get sign */
/* Get sign */
#define decimal32Sign(d)       ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[0]>>7)
#define decimal32Sign(d)       ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[0]>>7)
 
 
/* Get combination field */
/* Get combination field */
#define decimal32Comb(d)       (((d)->bytes[0] & 0x7c)>>2)
#define decimal32Comb(d)       (((d)->bytes[0] & 0x7c)>>2)
 
 
/* Get exponent continuation [does not remove bias] */
/* Get exponent continuation [does not remove bias] */
#define decimal32ExpCon(d)     ((((d)->bytes[0] & 0x03)<<4)           \
#define decimal32ExpCon(d)     ((((d)->bytes[0] & 0x03)<<4)           \
                             | ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[1]>>4))
                             | ((unsigned)(d)->bytes[1]>>4))
 
 
/* Set sign [this assumes sign previously 0] */
/* Set sign [this assumes sign previously 0] */
#define decimal32SetSign(d, b) {                                      \
#define decimal32SetSign(d, b) {                                      \
  (d)->bytes[0]|=((unsigned)(b)<<7);}
  (d)->bytes[0]|=((unsigned)(b)<<7);}
 
 
/* Set exponent continuation [does not apply bias] */
/* Set exponent continuation [does not apply bias] */
/* This assumes range has been checked and exponent previously 0; */
/* This assumes range has been checked and exponent previously 0; */
/* type of exponent must be unsigned */
/* type of exponent must be unsigned */
#define decimal32SetExpCon(d, e) {                                    \
#define decimal32SetExpCon(d, e) {                                    \
  (d)->bytes[0]|=(uint8_t)((e)>>4);                                    \
  (d)->bytes[0]|=(uint8_t)((e)>>4);                                    \
  (d)->bytes[1]|=(uint8_t)(((e)&0x0F)<<4);}
  (d)->bytes[1]|=(uint8_t)(((e)&0x0F)<<4);}
 
 
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* decimal32Show -- display a decimal32 in hexadecimal [debug aid]    */
/* decimal32Show -- display a decimal32 in hexadecimal [debug aid]    */
/*   d32 -- the number to show                                        */
/*   d32 -- the number to show                                        */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* ------------------------------------------------------------------ */
/* Also shows sign/cob/expconfields extracted - valid bigendian only */
/* Also shows sign/cob/expconfields extracted - valid bigendian only */
void decimal32Show(const decimal32 *d32) {
void decimal32Show(const decimal32 *d32) {
  char buf[DECIMAL32_Bytes*2+1];
  char buf[DECIMAL32_Bytes*2+1];
  Int i, j=0;
  Int i, j=0;
 
 
  if (DECLITEND) {
  if (DECLITEND) {
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL32_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL32_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d32->bytes[3-i]);
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d32->bytes[3-i]);
      }
      }
    printf(" D32> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] LittleEndian\n", buf,
    printf(" D32> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] LittleEndian\n", buf,
           d32->bytes[3]>>7, (d32->bytes[3]>>2)&0x1f,
           d32->bytes[3]>>7, (d32->bytes[3]>>2)&0x1f,
           ((d32->bytes[3]&0x3)<<4)| (d32->bytes[2]>>4));
           ((d32->bytes[3]&0x3)<<4)| (d32->bytes[2]>>4));
    }
    }
   else {
   else {
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL32_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
    for (i=0; i<DECIMAL32_Bytes; i++, j+=2) {
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d32->bytes[i]);
      sprintf(&buf[j], "%02x", d32->bytes[i]);
      }
      }
    printf(" D32> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] BigEndian\n", buf,
    printf(" D32> %s [S:%d Cb:%02x Ec:%02x] BigEndian\n", buf,
           decimal32Sign(d32), decimal32Comb(d32), decimal32ExpCon(d32));
           decimal32Sign(d32), decimal32Comb(d32), decimal32ExpCon(d32));
    }
    }
  } /* decimal32Show */
  } /* decimal32Show */
#endif
#endif
 
 

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