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@c Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before
@c Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before
@c each entry tell you which file and where in that file).  DO NOT EDIT!
@c each entry tell you which file and where in that file).  DO NOT EDIT!
@c Edit the *.c files, configure with --enable-maintainer-mode,
@c Edit the *.c files, configure with --enable-maintainer-mode,
@c run 'make stamp-functions' and gather-docs will build a new copy.
@c run 'make stamp-functions' and gather-docs will build a new copy.
 
 
@c safe-ctype.c:25
@c safe-ctype.c:25
@defvr Extension HOST_CHARSET
@defvr Extension HOST_CHARSET
This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the
This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the
host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in
host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in
preprocessor @samp{#if} statements (the C "execution character set").
preprocessor @samp{#if} statements (the C "execution character set").
It is defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}, and will be an integer constant
It is defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}, and will be an integer constant
with one of the following values:
with one of the following values:
 
 
@ftable @code
@ftable @code
@item HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN
@item HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN
The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two
The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two
possibilities.
possibilities.
 
 
@item HOST_CHARSET_ASCII
@item HOST_CHARSET_ASCII
The host character set is ASCII.
The host character set is ASCII.
 
 
@item HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC
@item HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC
The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC.  (Only one of the
The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC.  (Only one of the
nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.)
nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.)
@end ftable
@end ftable
@end defvr
@end defvr
 
 
@c alloca.c:26
@c alloca.c:26
@deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t @var{size})
@deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t @var{size})
 
 
This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed
This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed
after the procedure exits.  The @libib{} implementation does not free
after the procedure exits.  The @libib{} implementation does not free
the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent
the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent
calls to this function.  Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under
calls to this function.  Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under
normal circumstances.
normal circumstances.
 
 
The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the
The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the
GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make
GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make
available this function.  The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that
available this function.  The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that
client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf
client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf
manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including
manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including
the possibility of a GCC built-in function.
the possibility of a GCC built-in function.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c asprintf.c:32
@c asprintf.c:32
@deftypefn Extension int asprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
@deftypefn Extension int asprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
 
 
Like @code{sprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you
Like @code{sprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you
pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size of
pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size of
the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value
pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value
returned is the same as @code{sprintf} would return.  If memory could
returned is the same as @code{sprintf} would return.  If memory could
not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
@code{*@var{resptr}}.
@code{*@var{resptr}}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c atexit.c:6
@c atexit.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int atexit (void (*@var{f})())
@deftypefn Supplemental int atexit (void (*@var{f})())
 
 
Causes function @var{f} to be called at exit.  Returns 0.
Causes function @var{f} to be called at exit.  Returns 0.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c basename.c:6
@c basename.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental char* basename (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* basename (const char *@var{name})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname @var{name}.
Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname @var{name}.
Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.
Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c bcmp.c:6
@c bcmp.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int bcmp (char *@var{x}, char *@var{y}, int @var{count})
@deftypefn Supplemental int bcmp (char *@var{x}, char *@var{y}, int @var{count})
 
 
Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns
Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns
zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise.  Returns zero if
zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise.  Returns zero if
@var{count} is zero.  A nonzero result only indicates a difference,
@var{count} is zero.  A nonzero result only indicates a difference,
it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive
it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive
result mean @var{x} sorts before @var{y}).
result mean @var{x} sorts before @var{y}).
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c bcopy.c:3
@c bcopy.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental void bcopy (char *@var{in}, char *@var{out}, int @var{length})
@deftypefn Supplemental void bcopy (char *@var{in}, char *@var{out}, int @var{length})
 
 
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
@var{out}.  The use of @code{bcopy} is deprecated in new programs.
@var{out}.  The use of @code{bcopy} is deprecated in new programs.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c bsearch.c:33
@c bsearch.c:33
@deftypefn Supplemental void* bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{base}, size_t @var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, int (*@var{compar})(const void *, const void *))
@deftypefn Supplemental void* bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{base}, size_t @var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, int (*@var{compar})(const void *, const void *))
 
 
Performs a search over an array of @var{nmemb} elements pointed to by
Performs a search over an array of @var{nmemb} elements pointed to by
@var{base} for a member that matches the object pointed to by @var{key}.
@var{base} for a member that matches the object pointed to by @var{key}.
The size of each member is specified by @var{size}.  The array contents
The size of each member is specified by @var{size}.  The array contents
should be sorted in ascending order according to the @var{compar}
should be sorted in ascending order according to the @var{compar}
comparison function.  This routine should take two arguments pointing to
comparison function.  This routine should take two arguments pointing to
the @var{key} and to an array member, in that order, and should return an
the @var{key} and to an array member, in that order, and should return an
integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the @var{key} object
integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the @var{key} object
is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.
is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c argv.c:142
@c argv.c:142
@deftypefn Extension char** buildargv (char *@var{sp})
@deftypefn Extension char** buildargv (char *@var{sp})
 
 
Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields
Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields
separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single
separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single
or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of
or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of
pointers to copies of the string for each field.  The input string
pointers to copies of the string for each field.  The input string
remains unchanged.  The last element of the vector is followed by a
remains unchanged.  The last element of the vector is followed by a
@code{NULL} element.
@code{NULL} element.
 
 
All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string
All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string
is obtained from @code{malloc}.  All of the memory can be returned to the
is obtained from @code{malloc}.  All of the memory can be returned to the
system with the single function call @code{freeargv}, which takes the
system with the single function call @code{freeargv}, which takes the
returned result of @code{buildargv}, as it's argument.
returned result of @code{buildargv}, as it's argument.
 
 
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns
@code{NULL} if @var{sp} is @code{NULL} or if there is insufficient
@code{NULL} if @var{sp} is @code{NULL} or if there is insufficient
memory to complete building the argument vector.
memory to complete building the argument vector.
 
 
If the input is a null string (as opposed to a @code{NULL} pointer),
If the input is a null string (as opposed to a @code{NULL} pointer),
then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null
then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null
string.
string.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c bzero.c:6
@c bzero.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void bzero (char *@var{mem}, int @var{count})
@deftypefn Supplemental void bzero (char *@var{mem}, int @var{count})
 
 
Zeros @var{count} bytes starting at @var{mem}.  Use of this function
Zeros @var{count} bytes starting at @var{mem}.  Use of this function
is deprecated in favor of @code{memset}.
is deprecated in favor of @code{memset}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c calloc.c:6
@c calloc.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void* calloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* calloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
 
 
Uses @code{malloc} to allocate storage for @var{nelem} objects of
Uses @code{malloc} to allocate storage for @var{nelem} objects of
@var{elsize} bytes each, then zeros the memory.
@var{elsize} bytes each, then zeros the memory.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c choose-temp.c:46
@c choose-temp.c:46
@deftypefn Extension char* choose_temp_base (void)
@deftypefn Extension char* choose_temp_base (void)
 
 
Return a prefix for temporary file names or @code{NULL} if unable to
Return a prefix for temporary file names or @code{NULL} if unable to
find one.  The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the
find one.  The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the
program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (@code{mktemp}
program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (@code{mktemp}
fails).  The buffer for the result is obtained with @code{xmalloc}.
fails).  The buffer for the result is obtained with @code{xmalloc}.
 
 
This function is provided for backwards compatibility only.  Its use is
This function is provided for backwards compatibility only.  Its use is
not recommended.
not recommended.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c make-temp-file.c:95
@c make-temp-file.c:95
@deftypefn Replacement char* choose_tmpdir ()
@deftypefn Replacement char* choose_tmpdir ()
 
 
Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary
Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary
files in.
files in.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c clock.c:27
@c clock.c:27
@deftypefn Supplemental long clock (void)
@deftypefn Supplemental long clock (void)
 
 
Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a
Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a
@code{clock_t}; divide this number by @samp{CLOCKS_PER_SEC} to get the
@code{clock_t}; divide this number by @samp{CLOCKS_PER_SEC} to get the
number of seconds used.
number of seconds used.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c concat.c:24
@c concat.c:24
@deftypefn Extension char* concat (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
@deftypefn Extension char* concat (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
 
 
Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly
Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly
@code{xmalloc}ed memory.  Returns @code{NULL} if insufficient memory is
@code{xmalloc}ed memory.  Returns @code{NULL} if insufficient memory is
available.  The argument list is terminated by the first @code{NULL}
available.  The argument list is terminated by the first @code{NULL}
pointer encountered.  Pointers to empty strings are ignored.
pointer encountered.  Pointers to empty strings are ignored.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c crc32.c:141
@c crc32.c:141
@deftypefn Extension unsigned int crc32 (const unsigned char *@var{buf}, int @var{len}, unsigned int @var{init})
@deftypefn Extension unsigned int crc32 (const unsigned char *@var{buf}, int @var{len}, unsigned int @var{init})
 
 
Compute the 32-bit CRC of @var{buf} which has length @var{len}.  The
Compute the 32-bit CRC of @var{buf} which has length @var{len}.  The
starting value is @var{init}; this may be used to compute the CRC of
starting value is @var{init}; this may be used to compute the CRC of
data split across multiple buffers by passing the return value of each
data split across multiple buffers by passing the return value of each
call as the @var{init} parameter of the next.
call as the @var{init} parameter of the next.
 
 
This is intended to match the CRC used by the @command{gdb} remote
This is intended to match the CRC used by the @command{gdb} remote
protocol for the @samp{qCRC} command.  In order to get the same
protocol for the @samp{qCRC} command.  In order to get the same
results as gdb for a block of data, you must pass the first CRC
results as gdb for a block of data, you must pass the first CRC
parameter as @code{0xffffffff}.
parameter as @code{0xffffffff}.
 
 
This CRC can be specified as:
This CRC can be specified as:
 
 
  Width  : 32
  Width  : 32
  Poly   : 0x04c11db7
  Poly   : 0x04c11db7
  Init   : parameter, typically 0xffffffff
  Init   : parameter, typically 0xffffffff
  RefIn  : false
  RefIn  : false
  RefOut : false
  RefOut : false
  XorOut : 0
  XorOut : 0
 
 
This differs from the "standard" CRC-32 algorithm in that the values
This differs from the "standard" CRC-32 algorithm in that the values
are not reflected, and there is no final XOR value.  These differences
are not reflected, and there is no final XOR value.  These differences
make it easy to compose the values of multiple blocks.
make it easy to compose the values of multiple blocks.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c argv.c:52
@c argv.c:52
@deftypefn Extension char** dupargv (char **@var{vector})
@deftypefn Extension char** dupargv (char **@var{vector})
 
 
Duplicate an argument vector.  Simply scans through @var{vector},
Duplicate an argument vector.  Simply scans through @var{vector},
duplicating each argument until the terminating @code{NULL} is found.
duplicating each argument until the terminating @code{NULL} is found.
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns
Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns
@code{NULL} if there is insufficient memory to complete building the
@code{NULL} if there is insufficient memory to complete building the
argument vector.
argument vector.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strerror.c:567
@c strerror.c:567
@deftypefn Extension int errno_max (void)
@deftypefn Extension int errno_max (void)
 
 
Returns the maximum @code{errno} value for which a corresponding
Returns the maximum @code{errno} value for which a corresponding
symbolic name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we
symbolic name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we
use the @code{sys_errlist} supplied by the system, it is possible for
use the @code{sys_errlist} supplied by the system, it is possible for
there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In
there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In
fact, the manual page for @code{perror(3C)} explicitly warns that one
fact, the manual page for @code{perror(3C)} explicitly warns that one
should check the size of the table (@code{sys_nerr}) before indexing
should check the size of the table (@code{sys_nerr}) before indexing
it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are
it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are
added to the table.  Thus @code{sys_nerr} might be smaller than value
added to the table.  Thus @code{sys_nerr} might be smaller than value
implied by the largest @code{errno} value defined in @code{<errno.h>}.
implied by the largest @code{errno} value defined in @code{<errno.h>}.
 
 
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
symbolic name or message.
symbolic name or message.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c argv.c:361
@c argv.c:361
@deftypefn Extension void expandargv (int *@var{argcp}, char ***@var{argvp})
@deftypefn Extension void expandargv (int *@var{argcp}, char ***@var{argvp})
 
 
The @var{argcp} and @code{argvp} arguments are pointers to the usual
The @var{argcp} and @code{argvp} arguments are pointers to the usual
@code{argc} and @code{argv} arguments to @code{main}.  This function
@code{argc} and @code{argv} arguments to @code{main}.  This function
looks for arguments that begin with the character @samp{@@}.  Any such
looks for arguments that begin with the character @samp{@@}.  Any such
arguments are interpreted as ``response files''.  The contents of the
arguments are interpreted as ``response files''.  The contents of the
response file are interpreted as additional command line options.  In
response file are interpreted as additional command line options.  In
particular, the file is separated into whitespace-separated strings;
particular, the file is separated into whitespace-separated strings;
each such string is taken as a command-line option.  The new options
each such string is taken as a command-line option.  The new options
are inserted in place of the option naming the response file, and
are inserted in place of the option naming the response file, and
@code{*argcp} and @code{*argvp} will be updated.  If the value of
@code{*argcp} and @code{*argvp} will be updated.  If the value of
@code{*argvp} is modified by this function, then the new value has
@code{*argvp} is modified by this function, then the new value has
been dynamically allocated and can be deallocated by the caller with
been dynamically allocated and can be deallocated by the caller with
@code{freeargv}.  However, most callers will simply call
@code{freeargv}.  However, most callers will simply call
@code{expandargv} near the beginning of @code{main} and allow the
@code{expandargv} near the beginning of @code{main} and allow the
operating system to free the memory when the program exits.
operating system to free the memory when the program exits.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fdmatch.c:23
@c fdmatch.c:23
@deftypefn Extension int fdmatch (int @var{fd1}, int @var{fd2})
@deftypefn Extension int fdmatch (int @var{fd1}, int @var{fd2})
 
 
Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.
Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.
This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for
This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for
an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond
an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond
to that fd.  This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open
to that fd.  This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open
file (@code{stdout} for example) or from the SVR4 @file{/proc} calls
file (@code{stdout} for example) or from the SVR4 @file{/proc} calls
that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces.  All we
that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces.  All we
have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors
have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors
for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers
for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers
and inode numbers.
and inode numbers.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fopen_unlocked.c:48
@c fopen_unlocked.c:48
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fdopen_unlocked (int @var{fildes}, const char * @var{mode})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fdopen_unlocked (int @var{fildes}, const char * @var{mode})
 
 
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fdopen}.  If the
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fdopen}.  If the
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
unchanged.
unchanged.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c ffs.c:3
@c ffs.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental int ffs (int @var{valu})
@deftypefn Supplemental int ffs (int @var{valu})
 
 
Find the first (least significant) bit set in @var{valu}.  Bits are
Find the first (least significant) bit set in @var{valu}.  Bits are
numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the
numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the
value 1).  If @var{valu} is zero, zero is returned.
value 1).  If @var{valu} is zero, zero is returned.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c filename_cmp.c:32
@c filename_cmp.c:32
@deftypefn Extension int filename_cmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
@deftypefn Extension int filename_cmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
 
 
Return zero if the two file names @var{s1} and @var{s2} are equivalent.
Return zero if the two file names @var{s1} and @var{s2} are equivalent.
If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what @code{strcmp}
If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what @code{strcmp}
would return.  In other words, it returns a negative value if @var{s1}
would return.  In other words, it returns a negative value if @var{s1}
is less than @var{s2}, or a positive value if @var{s2} is greater than
is less than @var{s2}, or a positive value if @var{s2} is greater than
@var{s2}.
@var{s2}.
 
 
This function does not normalize file names.  As a result, this function
This function does not normalize file names.  As a result, this function
will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in
will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in
the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file.
the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file.
However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward
However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward
and backward slashes are equal.
and backward slashes are equal.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fnmatch.txh:1
@c fnmatch.txh:1
@deftypefn Replacement int fnmatch (const char *@var{pattern}, const char *@var{string}, int @var{flags})
@deftypefn Replacement int fnmatch (const char *@var{pattern}, const char *@var{string}, int @var{flags})
 
 
Matches @var{string} against @var{pattern}, returning zero if it
Matches @var{string} against @var{pattern}, returning zero if it
matches, @code{FNM_NOMATCH} if not.  @var{pattern} may contain the
matches, @code{FNM_NOMATCH} if not.  @var{pattern} may contain the
wildcards @code{?} to match any one character, @code{*} to match any
wildcards @code{?} to match any one character, @code{*} to match any
zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square
zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square
brackets, like @samp{[a-gt8]}, which match one character (@code{a}
brackets, like @samp{[a-gt8]}, which match one character (@code{a}
through @code{g}, or @code{t}, or @code{8}, in this example) if that one
through @code{g}, or @code{t}, or @code{8}, in this example) if that one
character is in the set.  A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything
character is in the set.  A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything
except what's in the set) by giving @code{^} or @code{!} as the first
except what's in the set) by giving @code{^} or @code{!} as the first
character in the set.  To include those characters in the set, list them
character in the set.  To include those characters in the set, list them
as anything other than the first character of the set.  To include a
as anything other than the first character of the set.  To include a
dash in the set, list it last in the set.  A backslash character makes
dash in the set, list it last in the set.  A backslash character makes
the following character not special, so for example you could match
the following character not special, so for example you could match
against a literal asterisk with @samp{\*}.  To match a literal
against a literal asterisk with @samp{\*}.  To match a literal
backslash, use @samp{\\}.
backslash, use @samp{\\}.
 
 
@code{flags} controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a
@code{flags} controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a
boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in
boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in
@code{<fnmatch.h>}):
@code{<fnmatch.h>}):
 
 
@table @code
@table @code
 
 
@item FNM_PATHNAME
@item FNM_PATHNAME
@itemx FNM_FILE_NAME
@itemx FNM_FILE_NAME
@var{string} is assumed to be a path name.  No wildcard will ever match
@var{string} is assumed to be a path name.  No wildcard will ever match
@code{/}.
@code{/}.
 
 
@item FNM_NOESCAPE
@item FNM_NOESCAPE
Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character.
Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character.
 
 
@item FNM_PERIOD
@item FNM_PERIOD
A leading period (at the beginning of @var{string}, or if
A leading period (at the beginning of @var{string}, or if
@code{FNM_PATHNAME} after a slash) is not matched by @code{*} or
@code{FNM_PATHNAME} after a slash) is not matched by @code{*} or
@code{?} but must be matched explicitly.
@code{?} but must be matched explicitly.
 
 
@item FNM_LEADING_DIR
@item FNM_LEADING_DIR
Means that @var{string} also matches @var{pattern} if some initial part
Means that @var{string} also matches @var{pattern} if some initial part
of @var{string} matches, and is followed by @code{/} and zero or more
of @var{string} matches, and is followed by @code{/} and zero or more
characters.  For example, @samp{foo*} would match either @samp{foobar}
characters.  For example, @samp{foo*} would match either @samp{foobar}
or @samp{foobar/grill}.
or @samp{foobar/grill}.
 
 
@item FNM_CASEFOLD
@item FNM_CASEFOLD
Ignores case when performing the comparison.
Ignores case when performing the comparison.
 
 
@end table
@end table
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fopen_unlocked.c:39
@c fopen_unlocked.c:39
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fopen_unlocked (const char *@var{path}, const char * @var{mode})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fopen_unlocked (const char *@var{path}, const char * @var{mode})
 
 
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fopen}.  If the
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fopen}.  If the
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
unchanged.
unchanged.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c argv.c:97
@c argv.c:97
@deftypefn Extension void freeargv (char **@var{vector})
@deftypefn Extension void freeargv (char **@var{vector})
 
 
Free an argument vector that was built using @code{buildargv}.  Simply
Free an argument vector that was built using @code{buildargv}.  Simply
scans through @var{vector}, freeing the memory for each argument until
scans through @var{vector}, freeing the memory for each argument until
the terminating @code{NULL} is found, and then frees @var{vector}
the terminating @code{NULL} is found, and then frees @var{vector}
itself.
itself.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fopen_unlocked.c:57
@c fopen_unlocked.c:57
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} freopen_unlocked (const char * @var{path}, const char * @var{mode}, FILE * @var{stream})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} freopen_unlocked (const char * @var{path}, const char * @var{mode}, FILE * @var{stream})
 
 
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{freopen}.  If the
Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{freopen}.  If the
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer
unchanged.
unchanged.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c getruntime.c:82
@c getruntime.c:82
@deftypefn Replacement long get_run_time (void)
@deftypefn Replacement long get_run_time (void)
 
 
Returns the time used so far, in microseconds.  If possible, this is
Returns the time used so far, in microseconds.  If possible, this is
the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the
the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the
process started.
process started.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c getcwd.c:6
@c getcwd.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental char* getcwd (char *@var{pathname}, int @var{len})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* getcwd (char *@var{pathname}, int @var{len})
 
 
Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into
Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into
@var{pathname}, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least
@var{pathname}, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least
@var{len} bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer.  If the current
@var{len} bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer.  If the current
directory's path doesn't fit in @var{len} characters, the result is
directory's path doesn't fit in @var{len} characters, the result is
@code{NULL} and @code{errno} is set.  If @var{pathname} is a null pointer,
@code{NULL} and @code{errno} is set.  If @var{pathname} is a null pointer,
@code{getcwd} will obtain @var{len} bytes of space using
@code{getcwd} will obtain @var{len} bytes of space using
@code{malloc}.
@code{malloc}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c getpagesize.c:5
@c getpagesize.c:5
@deftypefn Supplemental int getpagesize (void)
@deftypefn Supplemental int getpagesize (void)
 
 
Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory.  This is the
Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory.  This is the
granularity of many of the system memory management routines.  No
granularity of many of the system memory management routines.  No
guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic
guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic
memory management hardware page size.
memory management hardware page size.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c getpwd.c:5
@c getpwd.c:5
@deftypefn Supplemental char* getpwd (void)
@deftypefn Supplemental char* getpwd (void)
 
 
Returns the current working directory.  This implementation caches the
Returns the current working directory.  This implementation caches the
result on the assumption that the process will not call @code{chdir}
result on the assumption that the process will not call @code{chdir}
between calls to @code{getpwd}.
between calls to @code{getpwd}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c gettimeofday.c:12
@c gettimeofday.c:12
@deftypefn Supplemental int gettimeofday (struct timeval *@var{tp}, void *@var{tz})
@deftypefn Supplemental int gettimeofday (struct timeval *@var{tp}, void *@var{tz})
 
 
Writes the current time to @var{tp}.  This implementation requires
Writes the current time to @var{tp}.  This implementation requires
that @var{tz} be NULL.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
that @var{tz} be NULL.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c hex.c:33
@c hex.c:33
@deftypefn Extension void hex_init (void)
@deftypefn Extension void hex_init (void)
 
 
Initializes the array mapping the current character set to
Initializes the array mapping the current character set to
corresponding hex values.  This function must be called before any
corresponding hex values.  This function must be called before any
call to @code{hex_p} or @code{hex_value}.  If you fail to call it, a
call to @code{hex_p} or @code{hex_value}.  If you fail to call it, a
default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.
default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c hex.c:42
@c hex.c:42
@deftypefn Extension int hex_p (int @var{c})
@deftypefn Extension int hex_p (int @var{c})
 
 
Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,
Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,
or zero if it is not.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to
or zero if it is not.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to
@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c hex.c:50
@c hex.c:50
@deftypefn Extension {unsigned int} hex_value (int @var{c})
@deftypefn Extension {unsigned int} hex_value (int @var{c})
 
 
Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted
Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted
as a hexadecimal digit.  The result is undefined if you pass an
as a hexadecimal digit.  The result is undefined if you pass an
invalid hex digit.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to
invalid hex digit.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to
@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
@code{unsigned char} within the macro.
 
 
The @code{hex_value} macro returns @code{unsigned int}, rather than
The @code{hex_value} macro returns @code{unsigned int}, rather than
signed @code{int}, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from
signed @code{int}, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from
hex dump files: a signed @code{int} would be sign-extended when
hex dump files: a signed @code{int} would be sign-extended when
converted to a wider unsigned type --- like @code{bfd_vma}, on some
converted to a wider unsigned type --- like @code{bfd_vma}, on some
systems.
systems.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c index.c:5
@c index.c:5
@deftypefn Supplemental char* index (char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* index (char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{index} is
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{index} is
deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strchr}.
deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strchr}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c insque.c:6
@c insque.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void insque (struct qelem *@var{elem}, struct qelem *@var{pred})
@deftypefn Supplemental void insque (struct qelem *@var{elem}, struct qelem *@var{pred})
@deftypefnx Supplemental void remque (struct qelem *@var{elem})
@deftypefnx Supplemental void remque (struct qelem *@var{elem})
 
 
Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists.  The
Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists.  The
@code{insque} routine inserts @var{elem} in the queue immediately
@code{insque} routine inserts @var{elem} in the queue immediately
after @var{pred}.  The @code{remque} routine removes @var{elem} from
after @var{pred}.  The @code{remque} routine removes @var{elem} from
its containing queue.  These routines expect to be passed pointers to
its containing queue.  These routines expect to be passed pointers to
structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a
structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a
back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):
back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):
 
 
@example
@example
struct qelem @{
struct qelem @{
  struct qelem *q_forw;
  struct qelem *q_forw;
  struct qelem *q_back;
  struct qelem *q_back;
  char q_data[];
  char q_data[];
@};
@};
@end example
@end example
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c safe-ctype.c:46
@c safe-ctype.c:46
@deffn  Extension ISALPHA  (@var{c})
@deffn  Extension ISALPHA  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISALNUM  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISALNUM  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISBLANK  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISBLANK  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISCNTRL  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISCNTRL  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISDIGIT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISDIGIT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISGRAPH  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISGRAPH  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISLOWER  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISLOWER  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISPRINT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISPRINT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISPUNCT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISPUNCT  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISSPACE  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISSPACE  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISUPPER  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISUPPER  (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISXDIGIT (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISXDIGIT (@var{c})
 
 
These twelve macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}.  Each has the
These twelve macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}.  Each has the
same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)
same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)
defined by the standard header @file{ctype.h}.  For example,
defined by the standard header @file{ctype.h}.  For example,
@code{ISALPHA} returns true for alphabetic characters and false for
@code{ISALPHA} returns true for alphabetic characters and false for
others.  However, there are two differences between these macros and
others.  However, there are two differences between these macros and
those provided by @file{ctype.h}:
those provided by @file{ctype.h}:
 
 
@itemize @bullet
@itemize @bullet
@item These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all
@item These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all
values representable by @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char}, and
values representable by @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char}, and
for @code{EOF}.
for @code{EOF}.
 
 
@item These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these
@item These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these
fixed sets of characters:
fixed sets of characters:
@multitable {@code{XDIGIT}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
@multitable {@code{XDIGIT}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
@item @code{ALPHA}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z}
@item @code{ALPHA}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z}
@item @code{ALNUM}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9}
@item @code{ALNUM}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9}
@item @code{BLANK}  @tab @kbd{space tab}
@item @code{BLANK}  @tab @kbd{space tab}
@item @code{CNTRL}  @tab @code{!PRINT}
@item @code{CNTRL}  @tab @code{!PRINT}
@item @code{DIGIT}  @tab @kbd{0-9}
@item @code{DIGIT}  @tab @kbd{0-9}
@item @code{GRAPH}  @tab @code{ALNUM || PUNCT}
@item @code{GRAPH}  @tab @code{ALNUM || PUNCT}
@item @code{LOWER}  @tab @kbd{a-z}
@item @code{LOWER}  @tab @kbd{a-z}
@item @code{PRINT}  @tab @code{GRAPH ||} @kbd{space}
@item @code{PRINT}  @tab @code{GRAPH ||} @kbd{space}
@item @code{PUNCT}  @tab @kbd{`~!@@#$%^&*()_-=+[@{]@}\|;:'",<.>/?}
@item @code{PUNCT}  @tab @kbd{`~!@@#$%^&*()_-=+[@{]@}\|;:'",<.>/?}
@item @code{SPACE}  @tab @kbd{space tab \n \r \f \v}
@item @code{SPACE}  @tab @kbd{space tab \n \r \f \v}
@item @code{UPPER}  @tab @kbd{A-Z}
@item @code{UPPER}  @tab @kbd{A-Z}
@item @code{XDIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9A-Fa-f}
@item @code{XDIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9A-Fa-f}
@end multitable
@end multitable
 
 
Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,
Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,
all these macros will return false for all values of @code{char} outside
all these macros will return false for all values of @code{char} outside
the range of 7-bit ASCII.  In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return
the range of 7-bit ASCII.  In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return
false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.
false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.
@end itemize
@end itemize
@end deffn
@end deffn
 
 
@c safe-ctype.c:95
@c safe-ctype.c:95
@deffn  Extension ISIDNUM         (@var{c})
@deffn  Extension ISIDNUM         (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISIDST          (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension ISIDST          (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_VSPACE       (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_VSPACE       (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_NVSPACE      (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_NVSPACE      (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_ISOBASIC     (@var{c})
@deffnx Extension IS_ISOBASIC     (@var{c})
These six macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h} and provide
These six macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h} and provide
additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical
additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical
analysis of C or similar languages.  They are true for the following
analysis of C or similar languages.  They are true for the following
sets of characters:
sets of characters:
 
 
@multitable {@code{SPACE_OR_NUL}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
@multitable {@code{SPACE_OR_NUL}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}
@item @code{IDNUM}        @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9_}
@item @code{IDNUM}        @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9_}
@item @code{IDST}         @tab @kbd{A-Za-z_}
@item @code{IDST}         @tab @kbd{A-Za-z_}
@item @code{VSPACE}       @tab @kbd{\r \n}
@item @code{VSPACE}       @tab @kbd{\r \n}
@item @code{NVSPACE}      @tab @kbd{space tab \f \v \0}
@item @code{NVSPACE}      @tab @kbd{space tab \f \v \0}
@item @code{SPACE_OR_NUL} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE}
@item @code{SPACE_OR_NUL} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE}
@item @code{ISOBASIC}     @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT}
@item @code{ISOBASIC}     @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT}
@end multitable
@end multitable
@end deffn
@end deffn
 
 
@c lbasename.c:23
@c lbasename.c:23
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lbasename (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lbasename (const char *@var{name})
 
 
Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname
Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname
(@samp{/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c} for example), returns a pointer to the
(@samp{/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c} for example), returns a pointer to the
last component of the pathname (@samp{ls.c} in this case).  The
last component of the pathname (@samp{ls.c} in this case).  The
returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original
returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original
string.  This latter fact is not true of many vendor C
string.  This latter fact is not true of many vendor C
libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed
libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed
strings for particular input.
strings for particular input.
 
 
In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,
In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,
and a path ending in @code{/} returns the empty string after it.
and a path ending in @code{/} returns the empty string after it.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c lrealpath.c:25
@c lrealpath.c:25
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lrealpath (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lrealpath (const char *@var{name})
 
 
Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical
Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical
version of the filename.  Symlinks will be resolved, and ``.'' and ``..''
version of the filename.  Symlinks will be resolved, and ``.'' and ``..''
components will be simplified.  The returned value will be allocated using
components will be simplified.  The returned value will be allocated using
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} will be returned on a memory allocation error.
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} will be returned on a memory allocation error.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c make-relative-prefix.c:24
@c make-relative-prefix.c:24
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} make_relative_prefix (const char *@var{progname}, const char *@var{bin_prefix}, const char *@var{prefix})
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} make_relative_prefix (const char *@var{progname}, const char *@var{bin_prefix}, const char *@var{prefix})
 
 
Given three paths @var{progname}, @var{bin_prefix}, @var{prefix},
Given three paths @var{progname}, @var{bin_prefix}, @var{prefix},
return the path that is in the same position relative to
return the path that is in the same position relative to
@var{progname}'s directory as @var{prefix} is relative to
@var{progname}'s directory as @var{prefix} is relative to
@var{bin_prefix}.  That is, a string starting with the directory
@var{bin_prefix}.  That is, a string starting with the directory
portion of @var{progname}, followed by a relative pathname of the
portion of @var{progname}, followed by a relative pathname of the
difference between @var{bin_prefix} and @var{prefix}.
difference between @var{bin_prefix} and @var{prefix}.
 
 
If @var{progname} does not contain any directory separators,
If @var{progname} does not contain any directory separators,
@code{make_relative_prefix} will search @env{PATH} to find a program
@code{make_relative_prefix} will search @env{PATH} to find a program
named @var{progname}.  Also, if @var{progname} is a symbolic link,
named @var{progname}.  Also, if @var{progname} is a symbolic link,
the symbolic link will be resolved.
the symbolic link will be resolved.
 
 
For example, if @var{bin_prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta},
For example, if @var{bin_prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta},
@var{prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/}, and @var{progname} is
@var{prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/}, and @var{progname} is
@code{/red/green/blue/gcc}, then this function will return
@code{/red/green/blue/gcc}, then this function will return
@code{/red/green/blue/../../omega/}.
@code{/red/green/blue/../../omega/}.
 
 
The return value is normally allocated via @code{malloc}.  If no
The return value is normally allocated via @code{malloc}.  If no
relative prefix can be found, return @code{NULL}.
relative prefix can be found, return @code{NULL}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c make-temp-file.c:168
@c make-temp-file.c:168
@deftypefn Replacement char* make_temp_file (const char *@var{suffix})
@deftypefn Replacement char* make_temp_file (const char *@var{suffix})
 
 
Return a temporary file name (as a string) or @code{NULL} if unable to
Return a temporary file name (as a string) or @code{NULL} if unable to
create one.  @var{suffix} is a suffix to append to the file name.  The
create one.  @var{suffix} is a suffix to append to the file name.  The
string is @code{malloc}ed, and the temporary file has been created.
string is @code{malloc}ed, and the temporary file has been created.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memchr.c:3
@c memchr.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memchr (const void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{n})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memchr (const void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{n})
 
 
This function searches memory starting at @code{*@var{s}} for the
This function searches memory starting at @code{*@var{s}} for the
character @var{c}.  The search only ends with the first occurrence of
character @var{c}.  The search only ends with the first occurrence of
@var{c}, or after @var{length} characters; in particular, a null
@var{c}, or after @var{length} characters; in particular, a null
character does not terminate the search.  If the character @var{c} is
character does not terminate the search.  If the character @var{c} is
found within @var{length} characters of @code{*@var{s}}, a pointer
found within @var{length} characters of @code{*@var{s}}, a pointer
to the character is returned.  If @var{c} is not found, then @code{NULL} is
to the character is returned.  If @var{c} is not found, then @code{NULL} is
returned.
returned.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memcmp.c:6
@c memcmp.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int memcmp (const void *@var{x}, const void *@var{y}, size_t @var{count})
@deftypefn Supplemental int memcmp (const void *@var{x}, const void *@var{y}, size_t @var{count})
 
 
Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns
Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns
zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if @var{x} is
zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if @var{x} is
lexically less than @var{y}, or a value greater than zero if @var{x}
lexically less than @var{y}, or a value greater than zero if @var{x}
is lexically greater than @var{y}.  Note that lexical order is determined
is lexically greater than @var{y}.  Note that lexical order is determined
as if comparing unsigned char arrays.
as if comparing unsigned char arrays.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memcpy.c:6
@c memcpy.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
 
 
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out}.
@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memmem.c:20
@c memmem.c:20
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmem (const void *@var{haystack}, size_t @var{haystack_len} const void *@var{needle}, size_t @var{needle_len})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmem (const void *@var{haystack}, size_t @var{haystack_len} const void *@var{needle}, size_t @var{needle_len})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of @var{needle} (length
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of @var{needle} (length
@var{needle_len}) in @var{haystack} (length @var{haystack_len}).
@var{needle_len}) in @var{haystack} (length @var{haystack_len}).
Returns @code{NULL} if not found.
Returns @code{NULL} if not found.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memmove.c:6
@c memmove.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmove (void *@var{from}, const void *@var{to}, size_t @var{count})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmove (void *@var{from}, const void *@var{to}, size_t @var{count})
 
 
Copies @var{count} bytes from memory area @var{from} to memory area
Copies @var{count} bytes from memory area @var{from} to memory area
@var{to}, returning a pointer to @var{to}.
@var{to}, returning a pointer to @var{to}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c mempcpy.c:23
@c mempcpy.c:23
@deftypefn Supplemental void* mempcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* mempcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})
 
 
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region
@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out} + @var{length}.
@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out} + @var{length}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c memset.c:6
@c memset.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memset (void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{count})
@deftypefn Supplemental void* memset (void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{count})
 
 
Sets the first @var{count} bytes of @var{s} to the constant byte
Sets the first @var{count} bytes of @var{s} to the constant byte
@var{c}, returning a pointer to @var{s}.
@var{c}, returning a pointer to @var{s}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c mkstemps.c:58
@c mkstemps.c:58
@deftypefn Replacement int mkstemps (char *@var{pattern}, int @var{suffix_len})
@deftypefn Replacement int mkstemps (char *@var{pattern}, int @var{suffix_len})
 
 
Generate a unique temporary file name from @var{pattern}.
Generate a unique temporary file name from @var{pattern}.
@var{pattern} has the form:
@var{pattern} has the form:
 
 
@example
@example
   @var{path}/ccXXXXXX@var{suffix}
   @var{path}/ccXXXXXX@var{suffix}
@end example
@end example
 
 
@var{suffix_len} tells us how long @var{suffix} is (it can be zero
@var{suffix_len} tells us how long @var{suffix} is (it can be zero
length).  The last six characters of @var{pattern} before @var{suffix}
length).  The last six characters of @var{pattern} before @var{suffix}
must be @samp{XXXXXX}; they are replaced with a string that makes the
must be @samp{XXXXXX}; they are replaced with a string that makes the
filename unique.  Returns a file descriptor open on the file for
filename unique.  Returns a file descriptor open on the file for
reading and writing.
reading and writing.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:266
@c pexecute.txh:266
@deftypefn Extension void pex_free (struct pex_obj @var{obj})
@deftypefn Extension void pex_free (struct pex_obj @var{obj})
 
 
Clean up and free all data associated with @var{obj}.  If you have not
Clean up and free all data associated with @var{obj}.  If you have not
yet called @code{pex_get_times} or @code{pex_get_status}, this will
yet called @code{pex_get_times} or @code{pex_get_status}, this will
try to kill the subprocesses.
try to kill the subprocesses.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:241
@c pexecute.txh:241
@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_status (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, int *@var{vector})
@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_status (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, int *@var{vector})
 
 
Returns the exit status of all programs run using @var{obj}.
Returns the exit status of all programs run using @var{obj}.
@var{count} is the number of results expected.  The results will be
@var{count} is the number of results expected.  The results will be
placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the order of the calls
placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the order of the calls
to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on success.
to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on success.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:250
@c pexecute.txh:250
@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_times (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, struct pex_time *@var{vector})
@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_times (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, struct pex_time *@var{vector})
 
 
Returns the process execution times of all programs run using
Returns the process execution times of all programs run using
@var{obj}.  @var{count} is the number of results expected.  The
@var{obj}.  @var{count} is the number of results expected.  The
results will be placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the
results will be placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the
order of the calls to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on
order of the calls to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on
success.
success.
 
 
@code{struct pex_time} has the following fields of the type
@code{struct pex_time} has the following fields of the type
@code{unsigned long}: @code{user_seconds},
@code{unsigned long}: @code{user_seconds},
@code{user_microseconds}, @code{system_seconds},
@code{user_microseconds}, @code{system_seconds},
@code{system_microseconds}.  On systems which do not support reporting
@code{system_microseconds}.  On systems which do not support reporting
process times, all the fields will be set to @code{0}.
process times, all the fields will be set to @code{0}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:2
@c pexecute.txh:2
@deftypefn Extension {struct pex_obj *} pex_init (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{tempbase})
@deftypefn Extension {struct pex_obj *} pex_init (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{tempbase})
 
 
Prepare to execute one or more programs, with standard output of each
Prepare to execute one or more programs, with standard output of each
program fed to standard input of the next.  This is a system
program fed to standard input of the next.  This is a system
independent interface to execute a pipeline.
independent interface to execute a pipeline.
 
 
@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:
@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:
 
 
@table @code
@table @code
 
 
@vindex PEX_RECORD_TIMES
@vindex PEX_RECORD_TIMES
@item PEX_RECORD_TIMES
@item PEX_RECORD_TIMES
Record subprocess times if possible.
Record subprocess times if possible.
 
 
@vindex PEX_USE_PIPES
@vindex PEX_USE_PIPES
@item PEX_USE_PIPES
@item PEX_USE_PIPES
Use pipes for communication between processes, if possible.
Use pipes for communication between processes, if possible.
 
 
@vindex PEX_SAVE_TEMPS
@vindex PEX_SAVE_TEMPS
@item PEX_SAVE_TEMPS
@item PEX_SAVE_TEMPS
Don't delete temporary files used for communication between
Don't delete temporary files used for communication between
processes.
processes.
 
 
@end table
@end table
 
 
@var{pname} is the name of program to be executed, used in error
@var{pname} is the name of program to be executed, used in error
messages.  @var{tempbase} is a base name to use for any required
messages.  @var{tempbase} is a base name to use for any required
temporary files; it may be @code{NULL} to use a randomly chosen name.
temporary files; it may be @code{NULL} to use a randomly chosen name.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:155
@c pexecute.txh:155
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_file (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{in_name})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_file (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{in_name})
 
 
Return a stream for a temporary file to pass to the first program in
Return a stream for a temporary file to pass to the first program in
the pipeline as input.
the pipeline as input.
 
 
The name of the input file is chosen according to the same rules
The name of the input file is chosen according to the same rules
@code{pex_run} uses to choose output file names, based on
@code{pex_run} uses to choose output file names, based on
@var{in_name}, @var{obj} and the @code{PEX_SUFFIX} bit in @var{flags}.
@var{in_name}, @var{obj} and the @code{PEX_SUFFIX} bit in @var{flags}.
 
 
Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned stream; the first call to
Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned stream; the first call to
@code{pex_run} closes it automatically.
@code{pex_run} closes it automatically.
 
 
If @var{flags} includes @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}, open the stream in
If @var{flags} includes @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}, open the stream in
binary mode; otherwise, open it in the default mode.  Including
binary mode; otherwise, open it in the default mode.  Including
@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} in @var{flags} has no effect on Unix.
@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} in @var{flags} has no effect on Unix.
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:172
@c pexecute.txh:172
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_pipe (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_pipe (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
 
 
Return a stream @var{fp} for a pipe connected to the standard input of
Return a stream @var{fp} for a pipe connected to the standard input of
the first program in the pipeline; @var{fp} is opened for writing.
the first program in the pipeline; @var{fp} is opened for writing.
You must have passed @code{PEX_USE_PIPES} to the @code{pex_init} call
You must have passed @code{PEX_USE_PIPES} to the @code{pex_init} call
that returned @var{obj}.
that returned @var{obj}.
 
 
You must close @var{fp} using @code{fclose} yourself when you have
You must close @var{fp} using @code{fclose} yourself when you have
finished writing data to the pipeline.
finished writing data to the pipeline.
 
 
The file descriptor underlying @var{fp} is marked not to be inherited
The file descriptor underlying @var{fp} is marked not to be inherited
by child processes.
by child processes.
 
 
On systems that do not support pipes, this function returns
On systems that do not support pipes, this function returns
@code{NULL}, and sets @code{errno} to @code{EINVAL}.  If you would
@code{NULL}, and sets @code{errno} to @code{EINVAL}.  If you would
like to write code that is portable to all systems the @code{pex}
like to write code that is portable to all systems the @code{pex}
functions support, consider using @code{pex_input_file} instead.
functions support, consider using @code{pex_input_file} instead.
 
 
There are two opportunities for deadlock using
There are two opportunities for deadlock using
@code{pex_input_pipe}:
@code{pex_input_pipe}:
 
 
@itemize @bullet
@itemize @bullet
@item
@item
Most systems' pipes can buffer only a fixed amount of data; a process
Most systems' pipes can buffer only a fixed amount of data; a process
that writes to a full pipe blocks.  Thus, if you write to @file{fp}
that writes to a full pipe blocks.  Thus, if you write to @file{fp}
before starting the first process, you run the risk of blocking when
before starting the first process, you run the risk of blocking when
there is no child process yet to read the data and allow you to
there is no child process yet to read the data and allow you to
continue.  @code{pex_input_pipe} makes no promises about the
continue.  @code{pex_input_pipe} makes no promises about the
size of the pipe's buffer, so if you need to write any data at all
size of the pipe's buffer, so if you need to write any data at all
before starting the first process in the pipeline, consider using
before starting the first process in the pipeline, consider using
@code{pex_input_file} instead.
@code{pex_input_file} instead.
 
 
@item
@item
Using @code{pex_input_pipe} and @code{pex_read_output} together
Using @code{pex_input_pipe} and @code{pex_read_output} together
may also cause deadlock.  If the output pipe fills up, so that each
may also cause deadlock.  If the output pipe fills up, so that each
program in the pipeline is waiting for the next to read more data, and
program in the pipeline is waiting for the next to read more data, and
you fill the input pipe by writing more data to @var{fp}, then there
you fill the input pipe by writing more data to @var{fp}, then there
is no way to make progress: the only process that could read data from
is no way to make progress: the only process that could read data from
the output pipe is you, but you are blocked on the input pipe.
the output pipe is you, but you are blocked on the input pipe.
 
 
@end itemize
@end itemize
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:274
@c pexecute.txh:274
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_one (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{status}, int *@var{err})
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_one (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{status}, int *@var{err})
 
 
An interface to permit the easy execution of a
An interface to permit the easy execution of a
single program.  The return value and most of the parameters are as
single program.  The return value and most of the parameters are as
for a call to @code{pex_run}.  @var{flags} is restricted to a
for a call to @code{pex_run}.  @var{flags} is restricted to a
combination of @code{PEX_SEARCH}, @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}, and
combination of @code{PEX_SEARCH}, @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}, and
@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}.  @var{outname} is interpreted as if
@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}.  @var{outname} is interpreted as if
@code{PEX_LAST} were set.  On a successful return, @code{*@var{status}} will
@code{PEX_LAST} were set.  On a successful return, @code{*@var{status}} will
be set to the exit status of the program.
be set to the exit status of the program.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:228
@c pexecute.txh:228
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_err (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_err (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
 
 
Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard
Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard
error of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,
error of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,
@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After
@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After
this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same
this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same
@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be
@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be
opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;
opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;
it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.
it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:216
@c pexecute.txh:216
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_output (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_output (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})
 
 
Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard
Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard
output of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,
output of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,
@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After
@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After
this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same
this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same
@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be
@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be
opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;
opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;
it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.
it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:33
@c pexecute.txh:33
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})
 
 
Execute one program in a pipeline.  On success this returns
Execute one program in a pipeline.  On success this returns
@code{NULL}.  On failure it returns an error message, a statically
@code{NULL}.  On failure it returns an error message, a statically
allocated string.
allocated string.
 
 
@var{obj} is returned by a previous call to @code{pex_init}.
@var{obj} is returned by a previous call to @code{pex_init}.
 
 
@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:
@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:
 
 
@table @code
@table @code
 
 
@vindex PEX_LAST
@vindex PEX_LAST
@item PEX_LAST
@item PEX_LAST
This must be set on the last program in the pipeline.  In particular,
This must be set on the last program in the pipeline.  In particular,
it should be set when executing a single program.  The standard output
it should be set when executing a single program.  The standard output
of the program will be sent to @var{outname}, or, if @var{outname} is
of the program will be sent to @var{outname}, or, if @var{outname} is
@code{NULL}, to the standard output of the calling program.  Do @emph{not}
@code{NULL}, to the standard output of the calling program.  Do @emph{not}
set this bit if you want to call @code{pex_read_output}
set this bit if you want to call @code{pex_read_output}
(described below).  After a call to @code{pex_run} with this bit set,
(described below).  After a call to @code{pex_run} with this bit set,
@var{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same @var{obj}.
@var{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same @var{obj}.
 
 
@vindex PEX_SEARCH
@vindex PEX_SEARCH
@item PEX_SEARCH
@item PEX_SEARCH
Search for the program using the user's executable search path.
Search for the program using the user's executable search path.
 
 
@vindex PEX_SUFFIX
@vindex PEX_SUFFIX
@item PEX_SUFFIX
@item PEX_SUFFIX
@var{outname} is a suffix.  See the description of @var{outname},
@var{outname} is a suffix.  See the description of @var{outname},
below.
below.
 
 
@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT
@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT
@item PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT
@item PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT
Send the program's standard error to standard output, if possible.
Send the program's standard error to standard output, if possible.
 
 
@vindex PEX_BINARY_INPUT
@vindex PEX_BINARY_INPUT
@vindex PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT
@vindex PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT
@vindex PEX_BINARY_ERROR
@vindex PEX_BINARY_ERROR
@item PEX_BINARY_INPUT
@item PEX_BINARY_INPUT
@itemx PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT
@itemx PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT
@itemx PEX_BINARY_ERROR
@itemx PEX_BINARY_ERROR
The standard input (output or error) of the program should be read (written) in
The standard input (output or error) of the program should be read (written) in
binary mode rather than text mode.  These flags are ignored on systems
binary mode rather than text mode.  These flags are ignored on systems
which do not distinguish binary mode and text mode, such as Unix.  For
which do not distinguish binary mode and text mode, such as Unix.  For
proper behavior these flags should match appropriately---a call to
proper behavior these flags should match appropriately---a call to
@code{pex_run} using @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} should be followed by a
@code{pex_run} using @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} should be followed by a
call using @code{PEX_BINARY_INPUT}.
call using @code{PEX_BINARY_INPUT}.
 
 
@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE
@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE
@item PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE
@item PEX_STDERR_TO_PIPE
Send the program's standard error to a pipe, if possible.  This flag
Send the program's standard error to a pipe, if possible.  This flag
cannot be specified together with @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}.  This
cannot be specified together with @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}.  This
flag can be specified only on the last program in pipeline.
flag can be specified only on the last program in pipeline.
 
 
@end table
@end table
 
 
@var{executable} is the program to execute.  @var{argv} is the set of
@var{executable} is the program to execute.  @var{argv} is the set of
arguments to pass to the program; normally @code{@var{argv}[0]} will
arguments to pass to the program; normally @code{@var{argv}[0]} will
be a copy of @var{executable}.
be a copy of @var{executable}.
 
 
@var{outname} is used to set the name of the file to use for standard
@var{outname} is used to set the name of the file to use for standard
output.  There are two cases in which no output file will be used:
output.  There are two cases in which no output file will be used:
 
 
@enumerate
@enumerate
@item
@item
if @code{PEX_LAST} is not set in @var{flags}, and @code{PEX_USE_PIPES}
if @code{PEX_LAST} is not set in @var{flags}, and @code{PEX_USE_PIPES}
was set in the call to @code{pex_init}, and the system supports pipes
was set in the call to @code{pex_init}, and the system supports pipes
 
 
@item
@item
if @code{PEX_LAST} is set in @var{flags}, and @var{outname} is
if @code{PEX_LAST} is set in @var{flags}, and @var{outname} is
@code{NULL}
@code{NULL}
@end enumerate
@end enumerate
 
 
@noindent
@noindent
Otherwise the code will use a file to hold standard
Otherwise the code will use a file to hold standard
output.  If @code{PEX_LAST} is not set, this file is considered to be
output.  If @code{PEX_LAST} is not set, this file is considered to be
a temporary file, and it will be removed when no longer needed, unless
a temporary file, and it will be removed when no longer needed, unless
@code{PEX_SAVE_TEMPS} was set in the call to @code{pex_init}.
@code{PEX_SAVE_TEMPS} was set in the call to @code{pex_init}.
 
 
There are two cases to consider when setting the name of the file to
There are two cases to consider when setting the name of the file to
hold standard output.
hold standard output.
 
 
@enumerate
@enumerate
@item
@item
@code{PEX_SUFFIX} is set in @var{flags}.  In this case
@code{PEX_SUFFIX} is set in @var{flags}.  In this case
@var{outname} may not be @code{NULL}.  If the @var{tempbase} parameter
@var{outname} may not be @code{NULL}.  If the @var{tempbase} parameter
to @code{pex_init} was not @code{NULL}, then the output file name is
to @code{pex_init} was not @code{NULL}, then the output file name is
the concatenation of @var{tempbase} and @var{outname}.  If
the concatenation of @var{tempbase} and @var{outname}.  If
@var{tempbase} was @code{NULL}, then the output file name is a random
@var{tempbase} was @code{NULL}, then the output file name is a random
file name ending in @var{outname}.
file name ending in @var{outname}.
 
 
@item
@item
@code{PEX_SUFFIX} was not set in @var{flags}.  In this
@code{PEX_SUFFIX} was not set in @var{flags}.  In this
case, if @var{outname} is not @code{NULL}, it is used as the output
case, if @var{outname} is not @code{NULL}, it is used as the output
file name.  If @var{outname} is @code{NULL}, and @var{tempbase} was
file name.  If @var{outname} is @code{NULL}, and @var{tempbase} was
not NULL, the output file name is randomly chosen using
not NULL, the output file name is randomly chosen using
@var{tempbase}.  Otherwise the output file name is chosen completely
@var{tempbase}.  Otherwise the output file name is chosen completely
at random.
at random.
@end enumerate
@end enumerate
 
 
@var{errname} is the file name to use for standard error output.  If
@var{errname} is the file name to use for standard error output.  If
it is @code{NULL}, standard error is the same as the caller's.
it is @code{NULL}, standard error is the same as the caller's.
Otherwise, standard error is written to the named file.
Otherwise, standard error is written to the named file.
 
 
On an error return, the code sets @code{*@var{err}} to an @code{errno}
On an error return, the code sets @code{*@var{err}} to an @code{errno}
value, or to 0 if there is no relevant @code{errno}.
value, or to 0 if there is no relevant @code{errno}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:142
@c pexecute.txh:142
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run_in_environment (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, char * const *@var{env}, int @var{env_size}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})
@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run_in_environment (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, char * const *@var{env}, int @var{env_size}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})
 
 
Execute one program in a pipeline, permitting the environment for the
Execute one program in a pipeline, permitting the environment for the
program to be specified.  Behaviour and parameters not listed below are
program to be specified.  Behaviour and parameters not listed below are
as for @code{pex_run}.
as for @code{pex_run}.
 
 
@var{env} is the environment for the child process, specified as an array of
@var{env} is the environment for the child process, specified as an array of
character pointers.  Each element of the array should point to a string of the
character pointers.  Each element of the array should point to a string of the
form @code{VAR=VALUE}, with the exception of the last element that must be
form @code{VAR=VALUE}, with the exception of the last element that must be
@code{NULL}.
@code{NULL}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:286
@c pexecute.txh:286
@deftypefn Extension int pexecute (const char *@var{program}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{this_pname}, const char *@var{temp_base}, char **@var{errmsg_fmt}, char **@var{errmsg_arg}, int @var{flags})
@deftypefn Extension int pexecute (const char *@var{program}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{this_pname}, const char *@var{temp_base}, char **@var{errmsg_fmt}, char **@var{errmsg_arg}, int @var{flags})
 
 
This is the old interface to execute one or more programs.  It is
This is the old interface to execute one or more programs.  It is
still supported for compatibility purposes, but is no longer
still supported for compatibility purposes, but is no longer
documented.
documented.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strsignal.c:541
@c strsignal.c:541
@deftypefn Supplemental void psignal (int @var{signo}, char *@var{message})
@deftypefn Supplemental void psignal (int @var{signo}, char *@var{message})
 
 
Print @var{message} to the standard error, followed by a colon,
Print @var{message} to the standard error, followed by a colon,
followed by the description of the signal specified by @var{signo},
followed by the description of the signal specified by @var{signo},
followed by a newline.
followed by a newline.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c putenv.c:21
@c putenv.c:21
@deftypefn Supplemental int putenv (const char *@var{string})
@deftypefn Supplemental int putenv (const char *@var{string})
 
 
Uses @code{setenv} or @code{unsetenv} to put @var{string} into
Uses @code{setenv} or @code{unsetenv} to put @var{string} into
the environment or remove it.  If @var{string} is of the form
the environment or remove it.  If @var{string} is of the form
@samp{name=value} the string is added; if no @samp{=} is present the
@samp{name=value} the string is added; if no @samp{=} is present the
name is unset/removed.
name is unset/removed.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c pexecute.txh:294
@c pexecute.txh:294
@deftypefn Extension int pwait (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int @var{flags})
@deftypefn Extension int pwait (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int @var{flags})
 
 
Another part of the old execution interface.
Another part of the old execution interface.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c random.c:39
@c random.c:39
@deftypefn Supplement {long int} random (void)
@deftypefn Supplement {long int} random (void)
@deftypefnx Supplement void srandom (unsigned int @var{seed})
@deftypefnx Supplement void srandom (unsigned int @var{seed})
@deftypefnx Supplement void* initstate (unsigned int @var{seed}, void *@var{arg_state}, unsigned long @var{n})
@deftypefnx Supplement void* initstate (unsigned int @var{seed}, void *@var{arg_state}, unsigned long @var{n})
@deftypefnx Supplement void* setstate (void *@var{arg_state})
@deftypefnx Supplement void* setstate (void *@var{arg_state})
 
 
Random number functions.  @code{random} returns a random number in the
Random number functions.  @code{random} returns a random number in the
range 0 to @code{LONG_MAX}.  @code{srandom} initializes the random
range 0 to @code{LONG_MAX}.  @code{srandom} initializes the random
number generator to some starting point determined by @var{seed}
number generator to some starting point determined by @var{seed}
(else, the values returned by @code{random} are always the same for each
(else, the values returned by @code{random} are always the same for each
run of the program).  @code{initstate} and @code{setstate} allow fine-grained
run of the program).  @code{initstate} and @code{setstate} allow fine-grained
control over the state of the random number generator.
control over the state of the random number generator.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c concat.c:173
@c concat.c:173
@deftypefn Extension char* reconcat (char *@var{optr}, const char *@var{s1}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
@deftypefn Extension char* reconcat (char *@var{optr}, const char *@var{s1}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})
 
 
Same as @code{concat}, except that if @var{optr} is not @code{NULL} it
Same as @code{concat}, except that if @var{optr} is not @code{NULL} it
is freed after the string is created.  This is intended to be useful
is freed after the string is created.  This is intended to be useful
when you're extending an existing string or building up a string in a
when you're extending an existing string or building up a string in a
loop:
loop:
 
 
@example
@example
  str = reconcat (str, "pre-", str, NULL);
  str = reconcat (str, "pre-", str, NULL);
@end example
@end example
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c rename.c:6
@c rename.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int rename (const char *@var{old}, const char *@var{new})
@deftypefn Supplemental int rename (const char *@var{old}, const char *@var{new})
 
 
Renames a file from @var{old} to @var{new}.  If @var{new} already
Renames a file from @var{old} to @var{new}.  If @var{new} already
exists, it is removed.
exists, it is removed.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c rindex.c:5
@c rindex.c:5
@deftypefn Supplemental char* rindex (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* rindex (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{rindex} is
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{rindex} is
deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strrchr}.
deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strrchr}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c setenv.c:22
@c setenv.c:22
@deftypefn Supplemental int setenv (const char *@var{name}, const char *@var{value}, int @var{overwrite})
@deftypefn Supplemental int setenv (const char *@var{name}, const char *@var{value}, int @var{overwrite})
@deftypefnx Supplemental void unsetenv (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefnx Supplemental void unsetenv (const char *@var{name})
 
 
@code{setenv} adds @var{name} to the environment with value
@code{setenv} adds @var{name} to the environment with value
@var{value}.  If the name was already present in the environment,
@var{value}.  If the name was already present in the environment,
the new value will be stored only if @var{overwrite} is nonzero.
the new value will be stored only if @var{overwrite} is nonzero.
The companion @code{unsetenv} function removes @var{name} from the
The companion @code{unsetenv} function removes @var{name} from the
environment.  This implementation is not safe for multithreaded code.
environment.  This implementation is not safe for multithreaded code.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strsignal.c:348
@c strsignal.c:348
@deftypefn Extension int signo_max (void)
@deftypefn Extension int signo_max (void)
 
 
Returns the maximum signal value for which a corresponding symbolic
Returns the maximum signal value for which a corresponding symbolic
name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we use the
name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we use the
@code{sys_siglist} supplied by the system, it is possible for there to
@code{sys_siglist} supplied by the system, it is possible for there to
be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In fact, the
be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In fact, the
manual page for @code{psignal(3b)} explicitly warns that one should
manual page for @code{psignal(3b)} explicitly warns that one should
check the size of the table (@code{NSIG}) before indexing it, since
check the size of the table (@code{NSIG}) before indexing it, since
new signal codes may be added to the system before they are added to
new signal codes may be added to the system before they are added to
the table.  Thus @code{NSIG} might be smaller than value implied by
the table.  Thus @code{NSIG} might be smaller than value implied by
the largest signo value defined in @code{<signal.h>}.
the largest signo value defined in @code{<signal.h>}.
 
 
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful
symbolic name or message.
symbolic name or message.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c sigsetmask.c:8
@c sigsetmask.c:8
@deftypefn Supplemental int sigsetmask (int @var{set})
@deftypefn Supplemental int sigsetmask (int @var{set})
 
 
Sets the signal mask to the one provided in @var{set} and returns
Sets the signal mask to the one provided in @var{set} and returns
the old mask (which, for libiberty's implementation, will always
the old mask (which, for libiberty's implementation, will always
be the value @code{1}).
be the value @code{1}).
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c snprintf.c:28
@c snprintf.c:28
@deftypefn Supplemental int snprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
@deftypefn Supplemental int snprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, ...)
 
 
This function is similar to @code{sprintf}, but it will write to
This function is similar to @code{sprintf}, but it will write to
@var{buf} at most @code{@var{n}-1} bytes of text, followed by a
@var{buf} at most @code{@var{n}-1} bytes of text, followed by a
terminating null byte, for a total of @var{n} bytes.
terminating null byte, for a total of @var{n} bytes.
On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of
On error the return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of
bytes, not including the terminating null byte, that would have been
bytes, not including the terminating null byte, that would have been
written had @var{n} been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual
written had @var{n} been sufficiently large, regardless of the actual
value of @var{n}.  Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement
value of @var{n}.  Note some pre-C99 system libraries do not implement
this correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if
this correctly so users cannot generally rely on the return value if
the system version of this function is used.
the system version of this function is used.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c spaces.c:22
@c spaces.c:22
@deftypefn Extension char* spaces (int @var{count})
@deftypefn Extension char* spaces (int @var{count})
 
 
Returns a pointer to a memory region filled with the specified
Returns a pointer to a memory region filled with the specified
number of spaces and null terminated.  The returned pointer is
number of spaces and null terminated.  The returned pointer is
valid until at least the next call.
valid until at least the next call.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c stpcpy.c:23
@c stpcpy.c:23
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpcpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpcpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src})
 
 
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}.  Returns a pointer to
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}.  Returns a pointer to
@var{dst} + strlen(@var{src}).
@var{dst} + strlen(@var{src}).
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c stpncpy.c:23
@c stpncpy.c:23
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpncpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src}, size_t @var{len})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* stpncpy (char *@var{dst}, const char *@var{src}, size_t @var{len})
 
 
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}, copying exactly @var{len}
Copies the string @var{src} into @var{dst}, copying exactly @var{len}
and padding with zeros if necessary.  If @var{len} < strlen(@var{src})
and padding with zeros if necessary.  If @var{len} < strlen(@var{src})
then return @var{dst} + @var{len}, otherwise returns @var{dst} +
then return @var{dst} + @var{len}, otherwise returns @var{dst} +
strlen(@var{src}).
strlen(@var{src}).
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strcasecmp.c:15
@c strcasecmp.c:15
@deftypefn Supplemental int strcasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
@deftypefn Supplemental int strcasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
 
 
A case-insensitive @code{strcmp}.
A case-insensitive @code{strcmp}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strchr.c:6
@c strchr.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  If @var{c} is itself the
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  If @var{c} is itself the
null character, the results are undefined.
null character, the results are undefined.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strdup.c:3
@c strdup.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strdup (const char *@var{s})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strdup (const char *@var{s})
 
 
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} in memory obtained from
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} in memory obtained from
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} if insufficient memory was available.
@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} if insufficient memory was available.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strerror.c:670
@c strerror.c:670
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} strerrno (int @var{errnum})
@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} strerrno (int @var{errnum})
 
 
Given an error number returned from a system call (typically returned
Given an error number returned from a system call (typically returned
in @code{errno}), returns a pointer to a string containing the
in @code{errno}), returns a pointer to a string containing the
symbolic name of that error number, as found in @code{<errno.h>}.
symbolic name of that error number, as found in @code{<errno.h>}.
 
 
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular error
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular error
number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where @var{num}
number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where @var{num}
is the error number.
is the error number.
 
 
If the supplied error number is not within the range of valid
If the supplied error number is not within the range of valid
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
 
 
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
valid until the next call to @code{strerrno}.
valid until the next call to @code{strerrno}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strerror.c:603
@c strerror.c:603
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strerror (int @var{errnoval})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strerror (int @var{errnoval})
 
 
Maps an @code{errno} number to an error message string, the contents
Maps an @code{errno} number to an error message string, the contents
of which are implementation defined.  On systems which have the
of which are implementation defined.  On systems which have the
external variables @code{sys_nerr} and @code{sys_errlist}, these
external variables @code{sys_nerr} and @code{sys_errlist}, these
strings will be the same as the ones used by @code{perror}.
strings will be the same as the ones used by @code{perror}.
 
 
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
If the supplied error number is within the valid range of indices for
the @code{sys_errlist}, but no message is available for the particular
the @code{sys_errlist}, but no message is available for the particular
error number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where
error number, then returns the string @samp{Error @var{num}}, where
@var{num} is the error number.
@var{num} is the error number.
 
 
If the supplied error number is not a valid index into
If the supplied error number is not a valid index into
@code{sys_errlist}, returns @code{NULL}.
@code{sys_errlist}, returns @code{NULL}.
 
 
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the
next call to @code{strerror}.
next call to @code{strerror}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strncasecmp.c:15
@c strncasecmp.c:15
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncasecmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
 
 
A case-insensitive @code{strncmp}.
A case-insensitive @code{strncmp}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strncmp.c:6
@c strncmp.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, size_t @var{n})
@deftypefn Supplemental int strncmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, size_t @var{n})
 
 
Compares the first @var{n} bytes of two strings, returning a value as
Compares the first @var{n} bytes of two strings, returning a value as
@code{strcmp}.
@code{strcmp}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strndup.c:23
@c strndup.c:23
@deftypefn Extension char* strndup (const char *@var{s}, size_t @var{n})
@deftypefn Extension char* strndup (const char *@var{s}, size_t @var{n})
 
 
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} with at most @var{n} characters
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} with at most @var{n} characters
in memory obtained from @code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} if insufficient
in memory obtained from @code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} if insufficient
memory was available.  The result is always NUL terminated.
memory was available.  The result is always NUL terminated.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strrchr.c:6
@c strrchr.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strrchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strrchr (const char *@var{s}, int @var{c})
 
 
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
Returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character @var{c} in
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  If @var{c} is itself the
the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  If @var{c} is itself the
null character, the results are undefined.
null character, the results are undefined.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strsignal.c:383
@c strsignal.c:383
@deftypefn Supplemental {const char *} strsignal (int @var{signo})
@deftypefn Supplemental {const char *} strsignal (int @var{signo})
 
 
Maps an signal number to an signal message string, the contents of
Maps an signal number to an signal message string, the contents of
which are implementation defined.  On systems which have the external
which are implementation defined.  On systems which have the external
variable @code{sys_siglist}, these strings will be the same as the
variable @code{sys_siglist}, these strings will be the same as the
ones used by @code{psignal()}.
ones used by @code{psignal()}.
 
 
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
the @code{sys_siglist}, but no message is available for the particular
the @code{sys_siglist}, but no message is available for the particular
signal number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
signal number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
@var{num} is the signal number.
@var{num} is the signal number.
 
 
If the supplied signal number is not a valid index into
If the supplied signal number is not a valid index into
@code{sys_siglist}, returns @code{NULL}.
@code{sys_siglist}, returns @code{NULL}.
 
 
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the next
The returned string is only guaranteed to be valid only until the next
call to @code{strsignal}.
call to @code{strsignal}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strsignal.c:448
@c strsignal.c:448
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} strsigno (int @var{signo})
@deftypefn Extension {const char*} strsigno (int @var{signo})
 
 
Given an signal number, returns a pointer to a string containing the
Given an signal number, returns a pointer to a string containing the
symbolic name of that signal number, as found in @code{<signal.h>}.
symbolic name of that signal number, as found in @code{<signal.h>}.
 
 
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
If the supplied signal number is within the valid range of indices for
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular signal
symbolic names, but no name is available for the particular signal
number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
number, then returns the string @samp{Signal @var{num}}, where
@var{num} is the signal number.
@var{num} is the signal number.
 
 
If the supplied signal number is not within the range of valid
If the supplied signal number is not within the range of valid
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
indices, then returns @code{NULL}.
 
 
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
The contents of the location pointed to are only guaranteed to be
valid until the next call to @code{strsigno}.
valid until the next call to @code{strsigno}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strstr.c:6
@c strstr.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strstr (const char *@var{string}, const char *@var{sub})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* strstr (const char *@var{string}, const char *@var{sub})
 
 
This function searches for the substring @var{sub} in the string
This function searches for the substring @var{sub} in the string
@var{string}, not including the terminating null characters.  A pointer
@var{string}, not including the terminating null characters.  A pointer
to the first occurrence of @var{sub} is returned, or @code{NULL} if the
to the first occurrence of @var{sub} is returned, or @code{NULL} if the
substring is absent.  If @var{sub} points to a string with zero
substring is absent.  If @var{sub} points to a string with zero
length, the function returns @var{string}.
length, the function returns @var{string}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strtod.c:27
@c strtod.c:27
@deftypefn Supplemental double strtod (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr})
@deftypefn Supplemental double strtod (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr})
 
 
This ISO C function converts the initial portion of @var{string} to a
This ISO C function converts the initial portion of @var{string} to a
@code{double}.  If @var{endptr} is not @code{NULL}, a pointer to the
@code{double}.  If @var{endptr} is not @code{NULL}, a pointer to the
character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in
character after the last character used in the conversion is stored in
the location referenced by @var{endptr}.  If no conversion is
the location referenced by @var{endptr}.  If no conversion is
performed, zero is returned and the value of @var{string} is stored in
performed, zero is returned and the value of @var{string} is stored in
the location referenced by @var{endptr}.
the location referenced by @var{endptr}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strerror.c:729
@c strerror.c:729
@deftypefn Extension int strtoerrno (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Extension int strtoerrno (const char *@var{name})
 
 
Given the symbolic name of a error number (e.g., @code{EACCES}), map it
Given the symbolic name of a error number (e.g., @code{EACCES}), map it
to an errno value.  If no translation is found, returns 0.
to an errno value.  If no translation is found, returns 0.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strtol.c:33
@c strtol.c:33
@deftypefn Supplemental {long int} strtol (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
@deftypefn Supplemental {long int} strtol (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
@deftypefnx Supplemental {unsigned long int} strtoul (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
@deftypefnx Supplemental {unsigned long int} strtoul (const char *@var{string}, char **@var{endptr}, int @var{base})
 
 
The @code{strtol} function converts the string in @var{string} to a
The @code{strtol} function converts the string in @var{string} to a
long integer value according to the given @var{base}, which must be
long integer value according to the given @var{base}, which must be
between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.  If @var{base}
between 2 and 36 inclusive, or be the special value 0.  If @var{base}
is 0, @code{strtol} will look for the prefixes @code{0} and @code{0x}
is 0, @code{strtol} will look for the prefixes @code{0} and @code{0x}
to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10.
to indicate bases 8 and 16, respectively, else default to base 10.
When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of
When the base is 16 (either explicitly or implicitly), a prefix of
@code{0x} is allowed.  The handling of @var{endptr} is as that of
@code{0x} is allowed.  The handling of @var{endptr} is as that of
@code{strtod} above.  The @code{strtoul} function is the same, except
@code{strtod} above.  The @code{strtoul} function is the same, except
that the converted value is unsigned.
that the converted value is unsigned.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strsignal.c:502
@c strsignal.c:502
@deftypefn Extension int strtosigno (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Extension int strtosigno (const char *@var{name})
 
 
Given the symbolic name of a signal, map it to a signal number.  If no
Given the symbolic name of a signal, map it to a signal number.  If no
translation is found, returns 0.
translation is found, returns 0.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c strverscmp.c:25
@c strverscmp.c:25
@deftypefun int strverscmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
@deftypefun int strverscmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})
The @code{strverscmp} function compares the string @var{s1} against
The @code{strverscmp} function compares the string @var{s1} against
@var{s2}, considering them as holding indices/version numbers.  Return
@var{s2}, considering them as holding indices/version numbers.  Return
value follows the same conventions as found in the @code{strverscmp}
value follows the same conventions as found in the @code{strverscmp}
function.  In fact, if @var{s1} and @var{s2} contain no digits,
function.  In fact, if @var{s1} and @var{s2} contain no digits,
@code{strverscmp} behaves like @code{strcmp}.
@code{strverscmp} behaves like @code{strcmp}.
 
 
Basically, we compare strings normally (character by character), until
Basically, we compare strings normally (character by character), until
we find a digit in each string - then we enter a special comparison
we find a digit in each string - then we enter a special comparison
mode, where each sequence of digits is taken as a whole.  If we reach the
mode, where each sequence of digits is taken as a whole.  If we reach the
end of these two parts without noticing a difference, we return to the
end of these two parts without noticing a difference, we return to the
standard comparison mode.  There are two types of numeric parts:
standard comparison mode.  There are two types of numeric parts:
"integral" and "fractional" (those  begin with a '0'). The types
"integral" and "fractional" (those  begin with a '0'). The types
of the numeric parts affect the way we sort them:
of the numeric parts affect the way we sort them:
 
 
@itemize @bullet
@itemize @bullet
@item
@item
integral/integral: we compare values as you would expect.
integral/integral: we compare values as you would expect.
 
 
@item
@item
fractional/integral: the fractional part is less than the integral one.
fractional/integral: the fractional part is less than the integral one.
Again, no surprise.
Again, no surprise.
 
 
@item
@item
fractional/fractional: the things become a bit more complex.
fractional/fractional: the things become a bit more complex.
If the common prefix contains only leading zeroes, the longest part is less
If the common prefix contains only leading zeroes, the longest part is less
than the other one; else the comparison behaves normally.
than the other one; else the comparison behaves normally.
@end itemize
@end itemize
 
 
@smallexample
@smallexample
strverscmp ("no digit", "no digit")
strverscmp ("no digit", "no digit")
    @result{} 0    // @r{same behavior as strcmp.}
    @result{} 0    // @r{same behavior as strcmp.}
strverscmp ("item#99", "item#100")
strverscmp ("item#99", "item#100")
    @result{} <0   // @r{same prefix, but 99 < 100.}
    @result{} <0   // @r{same prefix, but 99 < 100.}
strverscmp ("alpha1", "alpha001")
strverscmp ("alpha1", "alpha001")
    @result{} >0   // @r{fractional part inferior to integral one.}
    @result{} >0   // @r{fractional part inferior to integral one.}
strverscmp ("part1_f012", "part1_f01")
strverscmp ("part1_f012", "part1_f01")
    @result{} >0   // @r{two fractional parts.}
    @result{} >0   // @r{two fractional parts.}
strverscmp ("foo.009", "foo.0")
strverscmp ("foo.009", "foo.0")
    @result{} <0   // @r{idem, but with leading zeroes only.}
    @result{} <0   // @r{idem, but with leading zeroes only.}
@end smallexample
@end smallexample
 
 
This function is especially useful when dealing with filename sorting,
This function is especially useful when dealing with filename sorting,
because filenames frequently hold indices/version numbers.
because filenames frequently hold indices/version numbers.
@end deftypefun
@end deftypefun
 
 
@c tmpnam.c:3
@c tmpnam.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental char* tmpnam (char *@var{s})
@deftypefn Supplemental char* tmpnam (char *@var{s})
 
 
This function attempts to create a name for a temporary file, which
This function attempts to create a name for a temporary file, which
will be a valid file name yet not exist when @code{tmpnam} checks for
will be a valid file name yet not exist when @code{tmpnam} checks for
it.  @var{s} must point to a buffer of at least @code{L_tmpnam} bytes,
it.  @var{s} must point to a buffer of at least @code{L_tmpnam} bytes,
or be @code{NULL}.  Use of this function creates a security risk, and it must
or be @code{NULL}.  Use of this function creates a security risk, and it must
not be used in new projects.  Use @code{mkstemp} instead.
not be used in new projects.  Use @code{mkstemp} instead.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c unlink-if-ordinary.c:27
@c unlink-if-ordinary.c:27
@deftypefn Supplemental int unlink_if_ordinary (const char*)
@deftypefn Supplemental int unlink_if_ordinary (const char*)
 
 
Unlinks the named file, unless it is special (e.g. a device file).
Unlinks the named file, unless it is special (e.g. a device file).
Returns 0 when the file was unlinked, a negative value (and errno set) when
Returns 0 when the file was unlinked, a negative value (and errno set) when
there was an error deleting the file, and a positive value if no attempt
there was an error deleting the file, and a positive value if no attempt
was made to unlink the file because it is special.
was made to unlink the file because it is special.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fopen_unlocked.c:31
@c fopen_unlocked.c:31
@deftypefn Extension void unlock_std_streams (void)
@deftypefn Extension void unlock_std_streams (void)
 
 
If the OS supports it, ensure that the standard I/O streams,
If the OS supports it, ensure that the standard I/O streams,
@code{stdin}, @code{stdout} and @code{stderr} are setup to avoid any
@code{stdin}, @code{stdout} and @code{stderr} are setup to avoid any
multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise do nothing.
multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise do nothing.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c fopen_unlocked.c:23
@c fopen_unlocked.c:23
@deftypefn Extension void unlock_stream (FILE * @var{stream})
@deftypefn Extension void unlock_stream (FILE * @var{stream})
 
 
If the OS supports it, ensure that the supplied stream is setup to
If the OS supports it, ensure that the supplied stream is setup to
avoid any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise leave the @code{FILE}
avoid any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise leave the @code{FILE}
pointer unchanged.  If the @var{stream} is @code{NULL} do nothing.
pointer unchanged.  If the @var{stream} is @code{NULL} do nothing.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c vasprintf.c:47
@c vasprintf.c:47
@deftypefn Extension int vasprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{args})
@deftypefn Extension int vasprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{args})
 
 
Like @code{vsprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer,
Like @code{vsprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer,
you pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size
you pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size
of the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
of the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a
pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value
pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value
returned is the same as @code{vsprintf} would return.  If memory could
returned is the same as @code{vsprintf} would return.  If memory could
not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in
@code{*@var{resptr}}.
@code{*@var{resptr}}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c vfork.c:6
@c vfork.c:6
@deftypefn Supplemental int vfork (void)
@deftypefn Supplemental int vfork (void)
 
 
Emulates @code{vfork} by calling @code{fork} and returning its value.
Emulates @code{vfork} by calling @code{fork} and returning its value.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c vprintf.c:3
@c vprintf.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental int vprintf (const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefn Supplemental int vprintf (const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vfprintf (FILE *@var{stream}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vfprintf (FILE *@var{stream}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vsprintf (char *@var{str}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefnx Supplemental int vsprintf (char *@var{str}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
 
 
These functions are the same as @code{printf}, @code{fprintf}, and
These functions are the same as @code{printf}, @code{fprintf}, and
@code{sprintf}, respectively, except that they are called with a
@code{sprintf}, respectively, except that they are called with a
@code{va_list} instead of a variable number of arguments.  Note that
@code{va_list} instead of a variable number of arguments.  Note that
they do not call @code{va_end}; this is the application's
they do not call @code{va_end}; this is the application's
responsibility.  In @libib{} they are implemented in terms of the
responsibility.  In @libib{} they are implemented in terms of the
nonstandard but common function @code{_doprnt}.
nonstandard but common function @code{_doprnt}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c vsnprintf.c:28
@c vsnprintf.c:28
@deftypefn Supplemental int vsnprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
@deftypefn Supplemental int vsnprintf (char *@var{buf}, size_t @var{n}, const char *@var{format}, va_list @var{ap})
 
 
This function is similar to @code{vsprintf}, but it will write to
This function is similar to @code{vsprintf}, but it will write to
@var{buf} at most @code{@var{n}-1} bytes of text, followed by a
@var{buf} at most @code{@var{n}-1} bytes of text, followed by a
terminating null byte, for a total of @var{n} bytes.  On error the
terminating null byte, for a total of @var{n} bytes.  On error the
return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of characters that
return value is -1, otherwise it returns the number of characters that
would have been printed had @var{n} been sufficiently large,
would have been printed had @var{n} been sufficiently large,
regardless of the actual value of @var{n}.  Note some pre-C99 system
regardless of the actual value of @var{n}.  Note some pre-C99 system
libraries do not implement this correctly so users cannot generally
libraries do not implement this correctly so users cannot generally
rely on the return value if the system version of this function is
rely on the return value if the system version of this function is
used.
used.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c waitpid.c:3
@c waitpid.c:3
@deftypefn Supplemental int waitpid (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int)
@deftypefn Supplemental int waitpid (int @var{pid}, int *@var{status}, int)
 
 
This is a wrapper around the @code{wait} function.  Any ``special''
This is a wrapper around the @code{wait} function.  Any ``special''
values of @var{pid} depend on your implementation of @code{wait}, as
values of @var{pid} depend on your implementation of @code{wait}, as
does the return value.  The third argument is unused in @libib{}.
does the return value.  The third argument is unused in @libib{}.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c argv.c:306
@c argv.c:306
@deftypefn Extension int writeargv (const char **@var{argv}, FILE *@var{file})
@deftypefn Extension int writeargv (const char **@var{argv}, FILE *@var{file})
 
 
Write each member of ARGV, handling all necessary quoting, to the file
Write each member of ARGV, handling all necessary quoting, to the file
named by FILE, separated by whitespace.  Return 0 on success, non-zero
named by FILE, separated by whitespace.  Return 0 on success, non-zero
if an error occurred while writing to FILE.
if an error occurred while writing to FILE.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xatexit.c:11
@c xatexit.c:11
@deftypefun int xatexit (void (*@var{fn}) (void))
@deftypefun int xatexit (void (*@var{fn}) (void))
 
 
Behaves as the standard @code{atexit} function, but with no limit on
Behaves as the standard @code{atexit} function, but with no limit on
the number of registered functions.  Returns 0 on success, or @minus{}1 on
the number of registered functions.  Returns 0 on success, or @minus{}1 on
failure.  If you use @code{xatexit} to register functions, you must use
failure.  If you use @code{xatexit} to register functions, you must use
@code{xexit} to terminate your program.
@code{xexit} to terminate your program.
 
 
@end deftypefun
@end deftypefun
 
 
@c xmalloc.c:38
@c xmalloc.c:38
@deftypefn Replacement void* xcalloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
@deftypefn Replacement void* xcalloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})
 
 
Allocate memory without fail, and set it to zero.  This routine functions
Allocate memory without fail, and set it to zero.  This routine functions
like @code{calloc}, but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory
like @code{calloc}, but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory
cannot be found.
cannot be found.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xexit.c:22
@c xexit.c:22
@deftypefn Replacement void xexit (int @var{code})
@deftypefn Replacement void xexit (int @var{code})
 
 
Terminates the program.  If any functions have been registered with
Terminates the program.  If any functions have been registered with
the @code{xatexit} replacement function, they will be called first.
the @code{xatexit} replacement function, they will be called first.
Termination is handled via the system's normal @code{exit} call.
Termination is handled via the system's normal @code{exit} call.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xmalloc.c:22
@c xmalloc.c:22
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmalloc (size_t)
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmalloc (size_t)
 
 
Allocate memory without fail.  If @code{malloc} fails, this will print
Allocate memory without fail.  If @code{malloc} fails, this will print
a message to @code{stderr} (using the name set by
a message to @code{stderr} (using the name set by
@code{xmalloc_set_program_name},
@code{xmalloc_set_program_name},
if any) and then call @code{xexit}.  Note that it is therefore safe for
if any) and then call @code{xexit}.  Note that it is therefore safe for
a program to contain @code{#define malloc xmalloc} in its source.
a program to contain @code{#define malloc xmalloc} in its source.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xmalloc.c:53
@c xmalloc.c:53
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_failed (size_t)
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_failed (size_t)
 
 
This function is not meant to be called by client code, and is listed
This function is not meant to be called by client code, and is listed
here for completeness only.  If any of the allocation routines fail, this
here for completeness only.  If any of the allocation routines fail, this
function will be called to print an error message and terminate execution.
function will be called to print an error message and terminate execution.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xmalloc.c:46
@c xmalloc.c:46
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_set_program_name (const char *@var{name})
@deftypefn Replacement void xmalloc_set_program_name (const char *@var{name})
 
 
You can use this to set the name of the program used by
You can use this to set the name of the program used by
@code{xmalloc_failed} when printing a failure message.
@code{xmalloc_failed} when printing a failure message.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xmemdup.c:7
@c xmemdup.c:7
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmemdup (void *@var{input}, size_t @var{copy_size}, size_t @var{alloc_size})
@deftypefn Replacement void* xmemdup (void *@var{input}, size_t @var{copy_size}, size_t @var{alloc_size})
 
 
Duplicates a region of memory without fail.  First, @var{alloc_size} bytes
Duplicates a region of memory without fail.  First, @var{alloc_size} bytes
are allocated, then @var{copy_size} bytes from @var{input} are copied into
are allocated, then @var{copy_size} bytes from @var{input} are copied into
it, and the new memory is returned.  If fewer bytes are copied than were
it, and the new memory is returned.  If fewer bytes are copied than were
allocated, the remaining memory is zeroed.
allocated, the remaining memory is zeroed.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xmalloc.c:32
@c xmalloc.c:32
@deftypefn Replacement void* xrealloc (void *@var{ptr}, size_t @var{size})
@deftypefn Replacement void* xrealloc (void *@var{ptr}, size_t @var{size})
Reallocate memory without fail.  This routine functions like @code{realloc},
Reallocate memory without fail.  This routine functions like @code{realloc},
but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory cannot be found.
but will behave the same as @code{xmalloc} if memory cannot be found.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xstrdup.c:7
@c xstrdup.c:7
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrdup (const char *@var{s})
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrdup (const char *@var{s})
 
 
Duplicates a character string without fail, using @code{xmalloc} to
Duplicates a character string without fail, using @code{xmalloc} to
obtain memory.
obtain memory.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xstrerror.c:7
@c xstrerror.c:7
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrerror (int @var{errnum})
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrerror (int @var{errnum})
 
 
Behaves exactly like the standard @code{strerror} function, but
Behaves exactly like the standard @code{strerror} function, but
will never return a @code{NULL} pointer.
will never return a @code{NULL} pointer.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
@c xstrndup.c:23
@c xstrndup.c:23
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrndup (const char *@var{s}, size_t @var{n})
@deftypefn Replacement char* xstrndup (const char *@var{s}, size_t @var{n})
 
 
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} with at most @var{n} characters
Returns a pointer to a copy of @var{s} with at most @var{n} characters
without fail, using @code{xmalloc} to obtain memory.  The result is
without fail, using @code{xmalloc} to obtain memory.  The result is
always NUL terminated.
always NUL terminated.
 
 
@end deftypefn
@end deftypefn
 
 
 
 
 
 

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