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@c Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before

@c Automatically generated from *.c and others (the comments before

@c each entry tell you which file and where in that file).  DO NOT EDIT!

@c each entry tell you which file and where in that file).  DO NOT EDIT!

@c Edit the *.c files, configure with --enable-maintainer-mode,

@c Edit the *.c files, configure with --enable-maintainer-mode,

@c run 'make stamp-functions' and gather-docs will build a new copy.

@c run 'make stamp-functions' and gather-docs will build a new copy.

@c safe-ctype.c:25

@c safe-ctype.c:25

@defvr Extension HOST_CHARSET

@defvr Extension HOST_CHARSET

This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the

This macro indicates the basic character set and encoding used by the

host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in

host: more precisely, the encoding used for character constants in

preprocessor @samp{#if} statements (the C "execution character set").

preprocessor @samp{#if} statements (the C "execution character set").

It is defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}, and will be an integer constant

It is defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}, and will be an integer constant

with one of the following values:

with one of the following values:

@ftable @code

@ftable @code

@item HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN

@item HOST_CHARSET_UNKNOWN

The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two

The host character set is unknown - that is, not one of the next two

possibilities.

possibilities.

@item HOST_CHARSET_ASCII

@item HOST_CHARSET_ASCII

The host character set is ASCII.

The host character set is ASCII.

@item HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC

@item HOST_CHARSET_EBCDIC

The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC.  (Only one of the

The host character set is some variant of EBCDIC.  (Only one of the

nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.)

nineteen EBCDIC varying characters is tested; exercise caution.)

@end ftable

@end ftable

@end defvr

@end defvr

@c alloca.c:26

@c alloca.c:26

@deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t @var{size})

@deftypefn Replacement void* alloca (size_t @var{size})

This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed

This function allocates memory which will be automatically reclaimed

after the procedure exits.  The @libib{} implementation does not free

after the procedure exits.  The @libib{} implementation does not free

the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent

the memory immediately but will do so eventually during subsequent

calls to this function.  Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under

calls to this function.  Memory is allocated using @code{xmalloc} under

normal circumstances.

normal circumstances.

The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the

The header file @file{alloca-conf.h} can be used in conjunction with the

GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make

GNU Autoconf test @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} to test for and properly make

available this function.  The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that

available this function.  The @code{AC_FUNC_ALLOCA} test requires that

client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf

client code use a block of preprocessor code to be safe (see the Autoconf

manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including

manual for more); this header incorporates that logic and more, including

the possibility of a GCC built-in function.

the possibility of a GCC built-in function.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c asprintf.c:32

@c asprintf.c:32

@deftypefn Extension int asprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, ...)

@deftypefn Extension int asprintf (char **@var{resptr}, const char *@var{format}, ...)

Like @code{sprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you

Like @code{sprintf}, but instead of passing a pointer to a buffer, you

pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size of

pass a pointer to a pointer.  This function will compute the size of

the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a

the buffer needed, allocate memory with @code{malloc}, and store a

pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value

pointer to the allocated memory in @code{*@var{resptr}}.  The value

returned is the same as @code{sprintf} would return.  If memory could

returned is the same as @code{sprintf} would return.  If memory could

not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in

not be allocated, minus one is returned and @code{NULL} is stored in

@code{*@var{resptr}}.

@code{*@var{resptr}}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c atexit.c:6

@c atexit.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental int atexit (void (*@var{f})())

@deftypefn Supplemental int atexit (void (*@var{f})())

Causes function @var{f} to be called at exit.  Returns 0.

Causes function @var{f} to be called at exit.  Returns 0.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c basename.c:6

@c basename.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental char* basename (const char *@var{name})

@deftypefn Supplemental char* basename (const char *@var{name})

Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname @var{name}.

Returns a pointer to the last component of pathname @var{name}.

Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.

Behavior is undefined if the pathname ends in a directory separator.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c bcmp.c:6

@c bcmp.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental int bcmp (char *@var{x}, char *@var{y}, int @var{count})

@deftypefn Supplemental int bcmp (char *@var{x}, char *@var{y}, int @var{count})

Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns

Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns

zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise.  Returns zero if

zero if they are the same, nonzero otherwise.  Returns zero if

@var{count} is zero.  A nonzero result only indicates a difference,

@var{count} is zero.  A nonzero result only indicates a difference,

it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive

it does not indicate any sorting order (say, by having a positive

result mean @var{x} sorts before @var{y}).

result mean @var{x} sorts before @var{y}).

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c bcopy.c:3

@c bcopy.c:3

@deftypefn Supplemental void bcopy (char *@var{in}, char *@var{out}, int @var{length})

@deftypefn Supplemental void bcopy (char *@var{in}, char *@var{out}, int @var{length})

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

@var{out}.  The use of @code{bcopy} is deprecated in new programs.

@var{out}.  The use of @code{bcopy} is deprecated in new programs.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c bsearch.c:33

@c bsearch.c:33

@deftypefn Supplemental void* bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{base}, size_t @var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, int (*@var{compar})(const void *, const void *))

@deftypefn Supplemental void* bsearch (const void *@var{key}, const void *@var{base}, size_t @var{nmemb}, size_t @var{size}, int (*@var{compar})(const void *, const void *))

Performs a search over an array of @var{nmemb} elements pointed to by

Performs a search over an array of @var{nmemb} elements pointed to by

@var{base} for a member that matches the object pointed to by @var{key}.

@var{base} for a member that matches the object pointed to by @var{key}.

The size of each member is specified by @var{size}.  The array contents

The size of each member is specified by @var{size}.  The array contents

should be sorted in ascending order according to the @var{compar}

should be sorted in ascending order according to the @var{compar}

comparison function.  This routine should take two arguments pointing to

comparison function.  This routine should take two arguments pointing to

the @var{key} and to an array member, in that order, and should return an

the @var{key} and to an array member, in that order, and should return an

integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the @var{key} object

integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if the @var{key} object

is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.

is respectively less than, matching, or greater than the array member.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c argv.c:142

@c argv.c:142

@deftypefn Extension char** buildargv (char *@var{sp})

@deftypefn Extension char** buildargv (char *@var{sp})

Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields

Given a pointer to a string, parse the string extracting fields

separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single

separated by whitespace and optionally enclosed within either single

or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of

or double quotes (which are stripped off), and build a vector of

pointers to copies of the string for each field.  The input string

pointers to copies of the string for each field.  The input string

remains unchanged.  The last element of the vector is followed by a

remains unchanged.  The last element of the vector is followed by a

@code{NULL} element.

@code{NULL} element.

All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string

All of the memory for the pointer array and copies of the string

is obtained from @code{malloc}.  All of the memory can be returned to the

is obtained from @code{malloc}.  All of the memory can be returned to the

system with the single function call @code{freeargv}, which takes the

system with the single function call @code{freeargv}, which takes the

returned result of @code{buildargv}, as it's argument.

returned result of @code{buildargv}, as it's argument.

Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns

Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns

@code{NULL} if @var{sp} is @code{NULL} or if there is insufficient

@code{NULL} if @var{sp} is @code{NULL} or if there is insufficient

memory to complete building the argument vector.

memory to complete building the argument vector.

If the input is a null string (as opposed to a @code{NULL} pointer),

If the input is a null string (as opposed to a @code{NULL} pointer),

then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null

then buildarg returns an argument vector that has one arg, a null

string.

string.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c bzero.c:6

@c bzero.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void bzero (char *@var{mem}, int @var{count})

@deftypefn Supplemental void bzero (char *@var{mem}, int @var{count})

Zeros @var{count} bytes starting at @var{mem}.  Use of this function

Zeros @var{count} bytes starting at @var{mem}.  Use of this function

is deprecated in favor of @code{memset}.

is deprecated in favor of @code{memset}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c calloc.c:6

@c calloc.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void* calloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* calloc (size_t @var{nelem}, size_t @var{elsize})

Uses @code{malloc} to allocate storage for @var{nelem} objects of

Uses @code{malloc} to allocate storage for @var{nelem} objects of

@var{elsize} bytes each, then zeros the memory.

@var{elsize} bytes each, then zeros the memory.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c choose-temp.c:46

@c choose-temp.c:46

@deftypefn Extension char* choose_temp_base (void)

@deftypefn Extension char* choose_temp_base (void)

Return a prefix for temporary file names or @code{NULL} if unable to

Return a prefix for temporary file names or @code{NULL} if unable to

find one.  The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the

find one.  The current directory is chosen if all else fails so the

program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (@code{mktemp}

program is exited if a temporary directory can't be found (@code{mktemp}

fails).  The buffer for the result is obtained with @code{xmalloc}.

fails).  The buffer for the result is obtained with @code{xmalloc}.

This function is provided for backwards compatibility only.  Its use is

This function is provided for backwards compatibility only.  Its use is

not recommended.

not recommended.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c make-temp-file.c:95

@c make-temp-file.c:95

@deftypefn Replacement char* choose_tmpdir ()

@deftypefn Replacement char* choose_tmpdir ()

Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary

Returns a pointer to a directory path suitable for creating temporary

files in.

files in.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c clock.c:27

@c clock.c:27

@deftypefn Supplemental long clock (void)

@deftypefn Supplemental long clock (void)

Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a

Returns an approximation of the CPU time used by the process as a

@code{clock_t}; divide this number by @samp{CLOCKS_PER_SEC} to get the

@code{clock_t}; divide this number by @samp{CLOCKS_PER_SEC} to get the

number of seconds used.

number of seconds used.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c concat.c:24

@c concat.c:24

@deftypefn Extension char* concat (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})

@deftypefn Extension char* concat (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2}, @dots{}, @code{NULL})

Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly

Concatenate zero or more of strings and return the result in freshly

@code{xmalloc}ed memory.  Returns @code{NULL} if insufficient memory is

@code{xmalloc}ed memory.  Returns @code{NULL} if insufficient memory is

available.  The argument list is terminated by the first @code{NULL}

available.  The argument list is terminated by the first @code{NULL}

pointer encountered.  Pointers to empty strings are ignored.

pointer encountered.  Pointers to empty strings are ignored.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c crc32.c:141

@c crc32.c:141

@deftypefn Extension unsigned int crc32 (const unsigned char *@var{buf}, int @var{len}, unsigned int @var{init})

@deftypefn Extension unsigned int crc32 (const unsigned char *@var{buf}, int @var{len}, unsigned int @var{init})

Compute the 32-bit CRC of @var{buf} which has length @var{len}.  The

Compute the 32-bit CRC of @var{buf} which has length @var{len}.  The

starting value is @var{init}; this may be used to compute the CRC of

starting value is @var{init}; this may be used to compute the CRC of

data split across multiple buffers by passing the return value of each

data split across multiple buffers by passing the return value of each

call as the @var{init} parameter of the next.

call as the @var{init} parameter of the next.

This is intended to match the CRC used by the @command{gdb} remote

This is intended to match the CRC used by the @command{gdb} remote

protocol for the @samp{qCRC} command.  In order to get the same

protocol for the @samp{qCRC} command.  In order to get the same

results as gdb for a block of data, you must pass the first CRC

results as gdb for a block of data, you must pass the first CRC

parameter as @code{0xffffffff}.

parameter as @code{0xffffffff}.

This CRC can be specified as:

This CRC can be specified as:

  Width  : 32

  Width  : 32

  Poly   : 0x04c11db7

  Poly   : 0x04c11db7

  Init   : parameter, typically 0xffffffff

  Init   : parameter, typically 0xffffffff

  RefIn  : false

  RefIn  : false

  RefOut : false

  RefOut : false

  XorOut : 0

  XorOut : 0

This differs from the "standard" CRC-32 algorithm in that the values

This differs from the "standard" CRC-32 algorithm in that the values

are not reflected, and there is no final XOR value.  These differences

are not reflected, and there is no final XOR value.  These differences

make it easy to compose the values of multiple blocks.

make it easy to compose the values of multiple blocks.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c argv.c:52

@c argv.c:52

@deftypefn Extension char** dupargv (char **@var{vector})

@deftypefn Extension char** dupargv (char **@var{vector})

Duplicate an argument vector.  Simply scans through @var{vector},

Duplicate an argument vector.  Simply scans through @var{vector},

duplicating each argument until the terminating @code{NULL} is found.

duplicating each argument until the terminating @code{NULL} is found.

Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns

Returns a pointer to the argument vector if successful.  Returns

@code{NULL} if there is insufficient memory to complete building the

@code{NULL} if there is insufficient memory to complete building the

argument vector.

argument vector.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c strerror.c:567

@c strerror.c:567

@deftypefn Extension int errno_max (void)

@deftypefn Extension int errno_max (void)

Returns the maximum @code{errno} value for which a corresponding

Returns the maximum @code{errno} value for which a corresponding

symbolic name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we

symbolic name or message is available.  Note that in the case where we

use the @code{sys_errlist} supplied by the system, it is possible for

use the @code{sys_errlist} supplied by the system, it is possible for

there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In

there to be more symbolic names than messages, or vice versa.  In

fact, the manual page for @code{perror(3C)} explicitly warns that one

fact, the manual page for @code{perror(3C)} explicitly warns that one

should check the size of the table (@code{sys_nerr}) before indexing

should check the size of the table (@code{sys_nerr}) before indexing

it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are

it, since new error codes may be added to the system before they are

added to the table.  Thus @code{sys_nerr} might be smaller than value

added to the table.  Thus @code{sys_nerr} might be smaller than value

implied by the largest @code{errno} value defined in @code{<errno.h>}.

implied by the largest @code{errno} value defined in @code{<errno.h>}.

We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful

We return the maximum value that can be used to obtain a meaningful

symbolic name or message.

symbolic name or message.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c argv.c:361

@c argv.c:361

@deftypefn Extension void expandargv (int *@var{argcp}, char ***@var{argvp})

@deftypefn Extension void expandargv (int *@var{argcp}, char ***@var{argvp})

The @var{argcp} and @code{argvp} arguments are pointers to the usual

The @var{argcp} and @code{argvp} arguments are pointers to the usual

@code{argc} and @code{argv} arguments to @code{main}.  This function

@code{argc} and @code{argv} arguments to @code{main}.  This function

looks for arguments that begin with the character @samp{@@}.  Any such

looks for arguments that begin with the character @samp{@@}.  Any such

arguments are interpreted as ``response files''.  The contents of the

arguments are interpreted as ``response files''.  The contents of the

response file are interpreted as additional command line options.  In

response file are interpreted as additional command line options.  In

particular, the file is separated into whitespace-separated strings;

particular, the file is separated into whitespace-separated strings;

each such string is taken as a command-line option.  The new options

each such string is taken as a command-line option.  The new options

are inserted in place of the option naming the response file, and

are inserted in place of the option naming the response file, and

@code{*argcp} and @code{*argvp} will be updated.  If the value of

@code{*argcp} and @code{*argvp} will be updated.  If the value of

@code{*argvp} is modified by this function, then the new value has

@code{*argvp} is modified by this function, then the new value has

been dynamically allocated and can be deallocated by the caller with

been dynamically allocated and can be deallocated by the caller with

@code{freeargv}.  However, most callers will simply call

@code{freeargv}.  However, most callers will simply call

@code{expandargv} near the beginning of @code{main} and allow the

@code{expandargv} near the beginning of @code{main} and allow the

operating system to free the memory when the program exits.

operating system to free the memory when the program exits.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c fdmatch.c:23

@c fdmatch.c:23

@deftypefn Extension int fdmatch (int @var{fd1}, int @var{fd2})

@deftypefn Extension int fdmatch (int @var{fd1}, int @var{fd2})

Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.

Check to see if two open file descriptors refer to the same file.

This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for

This is useful, for example, when we have an open file descriptor for

an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond

an unnamed file, and the name of a file that we believe to correspond

to that fd.  This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open

to that fd.  This can happen when we are exec'd with an already open

file (@code{stdout} for example) or from the SVR4 @file{/proc} calls

file (@code{stdout} for example) or from the SVR4 @file{/proc} calls

that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces.  All we

that return open file descriptors for mapped address spaces.  All we

have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors

have to do is open the file by name and check the two file descriptors

for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers

for a match, which is done by comparing major and minor device numbers

and inode numbers.

and inode numbers.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c fopen_unlocked.c:48

@c fopen_unlocked.c:48

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fdopen_unlocked (int @var{fildes}, const char * @var{mode})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fdopen_unlocked (int @var{fildes}, const char * @var{mode})

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fdopen}.  If the

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fdopen}.  If the

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

unchanged.

unchanged.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c ffs.c:3

@c ffs.c:3

@deftypefn Supplemental int ffs (int @var{valu})

@deftypefn Supplemental int ffs (int @var{valu})

Find the first (least significant) bit set in @var{valu}.  Bits are

Find the first (least significant) bit set in @var{valu}.  Bits are

numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the

numbered from right to left, starting with bit 1 (corresponding to the

value 1).  If @var{valu} is zero, zero is returned.

value 1).  If @var{valu} is zero, zero is returned.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c filename_cmp.c:32

@c filename_cmp.c:32

@deftypefn Extension int filename_cmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})

@deftypefn Extension int filename_cmp (const char *@var{s1}, const char *@var{s2})

Return zero if the two file names @var{s1} and @var{s2} are equivalent.

Return zero if the two file names @var{s1} and @var{s2} are equivalent.

If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what @code{strcmp}

If not equivalent, the returned value is similar to what @code{strcmp}

would return.  In other words, it returns a negative value if @var{s1}

would return.  In other words, it returns a negative value if @var{s1}

is less than @var{s2}, or a positive value if @var{s2} is greater than

is less than @var{s2}, or a positive value if @var{s2} is greater than

@var{s2}.

@var{s2}.

This function does not normalize file names.  As a result, this function

This function does not normalize file names.  As a result, this function

will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in

will treat filenames that are spelled differently as different even in

the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file.

the case when the two filenames point to the same underlying file.

However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward

However, it does handle the fact that on DOS-like file systems, forward

and backward slashes are equal.

and backward slashes are equal.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c fnmatch.txh:1

@c fnmatch.txh:1

@deftypefn Replacement int fnmatch (const char *@var{pattern}, const char *@var{string}, int @var{flags})

@deftypefn Replacement int fnmatch (const char *@var{pattern}, const char *@var{string}, int @var{flags})

Matches @var{string} against @var{pattern}, returning zero if it

Matches @var{string} against @var{pattern}, returning zero if it

matches, @code{FNM_NOMATCH} if not.  @var{pattern} may contain the

matches, @code{FNM_NOMATCH} if not.  @var{pattern} may contain the

wildcards @code{?} to match any one character, @code{*} to match any

wildcards @code{?} to match any one character, @code{*} to match any

zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square

zero or more characters, or a set of alternate characters in square

brackets, like @samp{[a-gt8]}, which match one character (@code{a}

brackets, like @samp{[a-gt8]}, which match one character (@code{a}

through @code{g}, or @code{t}, or @code{8}, in this example) if that one

through @code{g}, or @code{t}, or @code{8}, in this example) if that one

character is in the set.  A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything

character is in the set.  A set may be inverted (i.e., match anything

except what's in the set) by giving @code{^} or @code{!} as the first

except what's in the set) by giving @code{^} or @code{!} as the first

character in the set.  To include those characters in the set, list them

character in the set.  To include those characters in the set, list them

as anything other than the first character of the set.  To include a

as anything other than the first character of the set.  To include a

dash in the set, list it last in the set.  A backslash character makes

dash in the set, list it last in the set.  A backslash character makes

the following character not special, so for example you could match

the following character not special, so for example you could match

against a literal asterisk with @samp{\*}.  To match a literal

against a literal asterisk with @samp{\*}.  To match a literal

backslash, use @samp{\\}.

backslash, use @samp{\\}.

@code{flags} controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a

@code{flags} controls various aspects of the matching process, and is a

boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in

boolean OR of zero or more of the following values (defined in

@code{<fnmatch.h>}):

@code{<fnmatch.h>}):

@table @code

@table @code

@item FNM_PATHNAME

@item FNM_PATHNAME

@itemx FNM_FILE_NAME

@itemx FNM_FILE_NAME

@var{string} is assumed to be a path name.  No wildcard will ever match

@var{string} is assumed to be a path name.  No wildcard will ever match

@code{/}.

@code{/}.

@item FNM_NOESCAPE

@item FNM_NOESCAPE

Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character.

Do not interpret backslashes as quoting the following special character.

@item FNM_PERIOD

@item FNM_PERIOD

A leading period (at the beginning of @var{string}, or if

A leading period (at the beginning of @var{string}, or if

@code{FNM_PATHNAME} after a slash) is not matched by @code{*} or

@code{FNM_PATHNAME} after a slash) is not matched by @code{*} or

@code{?} but must be matched explicitly.

@code{?} but must be matched explicitly.

@item FNM_LEADING_DIR

@item FNM_LEADING_DIR

Means that @var{string} also matches @var{pattern} if some initial part

Means that @var{string} also matches @var{pattern} if some initial part

of @var{string} matches, and is followed by @code{/} and zero or more

of @var{string} matches, and is followed by @code{/} and zero or more

characters.  For example, @samp{foo*} would match either @samp{foobar}

characters.  For example, @samp{foo*} would match either @samp{foobar}

or @samp{foobar/grill}.

or @samp{foobar/grill}.

@item FNM_CASEFOLD

@item FNM_CASEFOLD

Ignores case when performing the comparison.

Ignores case when performing the comparison.

@end table

@end table

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c fopen_unlocked.c:39

@c fopen_unlocked.c:39

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fopen_unlocked (const char *@var{path}, const char * @var{mode})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} fopen_unlocked (const char *@var{path}, const char * @var{mode})

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fopen}.  If the

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{fopen}.  If the

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

unchanged.

unchanged.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c argv.c:97

@c argv.c:97

@deftypefn Extension void freeargv (char **@var{vector})

@deftypefn Extension void freeargv (char **@var{vector})

Free an argument vector that was built using @code{buildargv}.  Simply

Free an argument vector that was built using @code{buildargv}.  Simply

scans through @var{vector}, freeing the memory for each argument until

scans through @var{vector}, freeing the memory for each argument until

the terminating @code{NULL} is found, and then frees @var{vector}

the terminating @code{NULL} is found, and then frees @var{vector}

itself.

itself.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c fopen_unlocked.c:57

@c fopen_unlocked.c:57

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} freopen_unlocked (const char * @var{path}, const char * @var{mode}, FILE * @var{stream})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} freopen_unlocked (const char * @var{path}, const char * @var{mode}, FILE * @var{stream})

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{freopen}.  If the

Opens and returns a @code{FILE} pointer via @code{freopen}.  If the

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

operating system supports it, ensure that the stream is setup to avoid

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

any multi-threaded locking.  Otherwise return the @code{FILE} pointer

unchanged.

unchanged.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c getruntime.c:82

@c getruntime.c:82

@deftypefn Replacement long get_run_time (void)

@deftypefn Replacement long get_run_time (void)

Returns the time used so far, in microseconds.  If possible, this is

Returns the time used so far, in microseconds.  If possible, this is

the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the

the time used by this process, else it is the elapsed time since the

process started.

process started.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c getcwd.c:6

@c getcwd.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental char* getcwd (char *@var{pathname}, int @var{len})

@deftypefn Supplemental char* getcwd (char *@var{pathname}, int @var{len})

Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into

Copy the absolute pathname for the current working directory into

@var{pathname}, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least

@var{pathname}, which is assumed to point to a buffer of at least

@var{len} bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer.  If the current

@var{len} bytes, and return a pointer to the buffer.  If the current

directory's path doesn't fit in @var{len} characters, the result is

directory's path doesn't fit in @var{len} characters, the result is

@code{NULL} and @code{errno} is set.  If @var{pathname} is a null pointer,

@code{NULL} and @code{errno} is set.  If @var{pathname} is a null pointer,

@code{getcwd} will obtain @var{len} bytes of space using

@code{getcwd} will obtain @var{len} bytes of space using

@code{malloc}.

@code{malloc}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c getpagesize.c:5

@c getpagesize.c:5

@deftypefn Supplemental int getpagesize (void)

@deftypefn Supplemental int getpagesize (void)

Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory.  This is the

Returns the number of bytes in a page of memory.  This is the

granularity of many of the system memory management routines.  No

granularity of many of the system memory management routines.  No

guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic

guarantee is made as to whether or not it is the same as the basic

memory management hardware page size.

memory management hardware page size.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c getpwd.c:5

@c getpwd.c:5

@deftypefn Supplemental char* getpwd (void)

@deftypefn Supplemental char* getpwd (void)

Returns the current working directory.  This implementation caches the

Returns the current working directory.  This implementation caches the

result on the assumption that the process will not call @code{chdir}

result on the assumption that the process will not call @code{chdir}

between calls to @code{getpwd}.

between calls to @code{getpwd}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c gettimeofday.c:12

@c gettimeofday.c:12

@deftypefn Supplemental int gettimeofday (struct timeval *@var{tp}, void *@var{tz})

@deftypefn Supplemental int gettimeofday (struct timeval *@var{tp}, void *@var{tz})

Writes the current time to @var{tp}.  This implementation requires

Writes the current time to @var{tp}.  This implementation requires

that @var{tz} be NULL.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.

that @var{tz} be NULL.  Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c hex.c:33

@c hex.c:33

@deftypefn Extension void hex_init (void)

@deftypefn Extension void hex_init (void)

Initializes the array mapping the current character set to

Initializes the array mapping the current character set to

corresponding hex values.  This function must be called before any

corresponding hex values.  This function must be called before any

call to @code{hex_p} or @code{hex_value}.  If you fail to call it, a

call to @code{hex_p} or @code{hex_value}.  If you fail to call it, a

default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.

default ASCII-based table will normally be used on ASCII systems.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c hex.c:42

@c hex.c:42

@deftypefn Extension int hex_p (int @var{c})

@deftypefn Extension int hex_p (int @var{c})

Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,

Evaluates to non-zero if the given character is a valid hex character,

or zero if it is not.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to

or zero if it is not.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to

@code{unsigned char} within the macro.

@code{unsigned char} within the macro.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c hex.c:50

@c hex.c:50

@deftypefn Extension {unsigned int} hex_value (int @var{c})

@deftypefn Extension {unsigned int} hex_value (int @var{c})

Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted

Returns the numeric equivalent of the given character when interpreted

as a hexadecimal digit.  The result is undefined if you pass an

as a hexadecimal digit.  The result is undefined if you pass an

invalid hex digit.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to

invalid hex digit.  Note that the value you pass will be cast to

@code{unsigned char} within the macro.

@code{unsigned char} within the macro.

The @code{hex_value} macro returns @code{unsigned int}, rather than

The @code{hex_value} macro returns @code{unsigned int}, rather than

signed @code{int}, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from

signed @code{int}, to make it easier to use in parsing addresses from

hex dump files: a signed @code{int} would be sign-extended when

hex dump files: a signed @code{int} would be sign-extended when

converted to a wider unsigned type --- like @code{bfd_vma}, on some

converted to a wider unsigned type --- like @code{bfd_vma}, on some

systems.

systems.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c index.c:5

@c index.c:5

@deftypefn Supplemental char* index (char *@var{s}, int @var{c})

@deftypefn Supplemental char* index (char *@var{s}, int @var{c})

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character @var{c} in

the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{index} is

the string @var{s}, or @code{NULL} if not found.  The use of @code{index} is

deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strchr}.

deprecated in new programs in favor of @code{strchr}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c insque.c:6

@c insque.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void insque (struct qelem *@var{elem}, struct qelem *@var{pred})

@deftypefn Supplemental void insque (struct qelem *@var{elem}, struct qelem *@var{pred})

@deftypefnx Supplemental void remque (struct qelem *@var{elem})

@deftypefnx Supplemental void remque (struct qelem *@var{elem})

Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists.  The

Routines to manipulate queues built from doubly linked lists.  The

@code{insque} routine inserts @var{elem} in the queue immediately

@code{insque} routine inserts @var{elem} in the queue immediately

after @var{pred}.  The @code{remque} routine removes @var{elem} from

after @var{pred}.  The @code{remque} routine removes @var{elem} from

its containing queue.  These routines expect to be passed pointers to

its containing queue.  These routines expect to be passed pointers to

structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a

structures which have as their first members a forward pointer and a

back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):

back pointer, like this prototype (although no prototype is provided):

@example

@example

struct qelem @{

struct qelem @{

  struct qelem *q_forw;

  struct qelem *q_forw;

  struct qelem *q_back;

  struct qelem *q_back;

  char q_data[];

  char q_data[];

@};

@};

@end example

@end example

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c safe-ctype.c:46

@c safe-ctype.c:46

@deffn  Extension ISALPHA  (@var{c})

@deffn  Extension ISALPHA  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISALNUM  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISALNUM  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISBLANK  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISBLANK  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISCNTRL  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISCNTRL  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISDIGIT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISDIGIT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISGRAPH  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISGRAPH  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISLOWER  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISLOWER  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISPRINT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISPRINT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISPUNCT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISPUNCT  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISSPACE  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISSPACE  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISUPPER  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISUPPER  (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISXDIGIT (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISXDIGIT (@var{c})

These twelve macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}.  Each has the

These twelve macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h}.  Each has the

same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)

same meaning as the corresponding macro (with name in lowercase)

defined by the standard header @file{ctype.h}.  For example,

defined by the standard header @file{ctype.h}.  For example,

@code{ISALPHA} returns true for alphabetic characters and false for

@code{ISALPHA} returns true for alphabetic characters and false for

others.  However, there are two differences between these macros and

others.  However, there are two differences between these macros and

those provided by @file{ctype.h}:

those provided by @file{ctype.h}:

@itemize @bullet

@itemize @bullet

@item These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all

@item These macros are guaranteed to have well-defined behavior for all

values representable by @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char}, and

values representable by @code{signed char} and @code{unsigned char}, and

for @code{EOF}.

for @code{EOF}.

@item These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these

@item These macros ignore the current locale; they are true for these

fixed sets of characters:

fixed sets of characters:

@multitable {@code{XDIGIT}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}

@multitable {@code{XDIGIT}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}

@item @code{ALPHA}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z}

@item @code{ALPHA}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z}

@item @code{ALNUM}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9}

@item @code{ALNUM}  @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9}

@item @code{BLANK}  @tab @kbd{space tab}

@item @code{BLANK}  @tab @kbd{space tab}

@item @code{CNTRL}  @tab @code{!PRINT}

@item @code{CNTRL}  @tab @code{!PRINT}

@item @code{DIGIT}  @tab @kbd{0-9}

@item @code{DIGIT}  @tab @kbd{0-9}

@item @code{GRAPH}  @tab @code{ALNUM || PUNCT}

@item @code{GRAPH}  @tab @code{ALNUM || PUNCT}

@item @code{LOWER}  @tab @kbd{a-z}

@item @code{LOWER}  @tab @kbd{a-z}

@item @code{PRINT}  @tab @code{GRAPH ||} @kbd{space}

@item @code{PRINT}  @tab @code{GRAPH ||} @kbd{space}

@item @code{PUNCT}  @tab @kbd{`~!@@#$%^&*()_-=+[@{]@}\|;:'",<.>/?}

@item @code{PUNCT}  @tab @kbd{`~!@@#$%^&*()_-=+[@{]@}\|;:'",<.>/?}

@item @code{SPACE}  @tab @kbd{space tab \n \r \f \v}

@item @code{SPACE}  @tab @kbd{space tab \n \r \f \v}

@item @code{UPPER}  @tab @kbd{A-Z}

@item @code{UPPER}  @tab @kbd{A-Z}

@item @code{XDIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9A-Fa-f}

@item @code{XDIGIT} @tab @kbd{0-9A-Fa-f}

@end multitable

@end multitable

Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,

Note that, if the host character set is ASCII or a superset thereof,

all these macros will return false for all values of @code{char} outside

all these macros will return false for all values of @code{char} outside

the range of 7-bit ASCII.  In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return

the range of 7-bit ASCII.  In particular, both ISPRINT and ISCNTRL return

false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.

false for characters with numeric values from 128 to 255.

@end itemize

@end itemize

@end deffn

@end deffn

@c safe-ctype.c:95

@c safe-ctype.c:95

@deffn  Extension ISIDNUM         (@var{c})

@deffn  Extension ISIDNUM         (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISIDST          (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension ISIDST          (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_VSPACE       (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_VSPACE       (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_NVSPACE      (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_NVSPACE      (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_SPACE_OR_NUL (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_ISOBASIC     (@var{c})

@deffnx Extension IS_ISOBASIC     (@var{c})

These six macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h} and provide

These six macros are defined by @file{safe-ctype.h} and provide

additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical

additional character classes which are useful when doing lexical

analysis of C or similar languages.  They are true for the following

analysis of C or similar languages.  They are true for the following

sets of characters:

sets of characters:

@multitable {@code{SPACE_OR_NUL}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}

@multitable {@code{SPACE_OR_NUL}} {yada yada yada yada yada yada yada yada}

@item @code{IDNUM}        @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9_}

@item @code{IDNUM}        @tab @kbd{A-Za-z0-9_}

@item @code{IDST}         @tab @kbd{A-Za-z_}

@item @code{IDST}         @tab @kbd{A-Za-z_}

@item @code{VSPACE}       @tab @kbd{\r \n}

@item @code{VSPACE}       @tab @kbd{\r \n}

@item @code{NVSPACE}      @tab @kbd{space tab \f \v \0}

@item @code{NVSPACE}      @tab @kbd{space tab \f \v \0}

@item @code{SPACE_OR_NUL} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE}

@item @code{SPACE_OR_NUL} @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE}

@item @code{ISOBASIC}     @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT}

@item @code{ISOBASIC}     @tab @code{VSPACE || NVSPACE || PRINT}

@end multitable

@end multitable

@end deffn

@end deffn

@c lbasename.c:23

@c lbasename.c:23

@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lbasename (const char *@var{name})

@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lbasename (const char *@var{name})

Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname

Given a pointer to a string containing a typical pathname

(@samp{/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c} for example), returns a pointer to the

(@samp{/usr/src/cmd/ls/ls.c} for example), returns a pointer to the

last component of the pathname (@samp{ls.c} in this case).  The

last component of the pathname (@samp{ls.c} in this case).  The

returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original

returned pointer is guaranteed to lie within the original

string.  This latter fact is not true of many vendor C

string.  This latter fact is not true of many vendor C

libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed

libraries, which return special strings or modify the passed

strings for particular input.

strings for particular input.

In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,

In particular, the empty string returns the same empty string,

and a path ending in @code{/} returns the empty string after it.

and a path ending in @code{/} returns the empty string after it.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c lrealpath.c:25

@c lrealpath.c:25

@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lrealpath (const char *@var{name})

@deftypefn Replacement {const char*} lrealpath (const char *@var{name})

Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical

Given a pointer to a string containing a pathname, returns a canonical

version of the filename.  Symlinks will be resolved, and ``.'' and ``..''

version of the filename.  Symlinks will be resolved, and ``.'' and ``..''

components will be simplified.  The returned value will be allocated using

components will be simplified.  The returned value will be allocated using

@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} will be returned on a memory allocation error.

@code{malloc}, or @code{NULL} will be returned on a memory allocation error.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c make-relative-prefix.c:24

@c make-relative-prefix.c:24

@deftypefn Extension {const char*} make_relative_prefix (const char *@var{progname}, const char *@var{bin_prefix}, const char *@var{prefix})

@deftypefn Extension {const char*} make_relative_prefix (const char *@var{progname}, const char *@var{bin_prefix}, const char *@var{prefix})

Given three paths @var{progname}, @var{bin_prefix}, @var{prefix},

Given three paths @var{progname}, @var{bin_prefix}, @var{prefix},

return the path that is in the same position relative to

return the path that is in the same position relative to

@var{progname}'s directory as @var{prefix} is relative to

@var{progname}'s directory as @var{prefix} is relative to

@var{bin_prefix}.  That is, a string starting with the directory

@var{bin_prefix}.  That is, a string starting with the directory

portion of @var{progname}, followed by a relative pathname of the

portion of @var{progname}, followed by a relative pathname of the

difference between @var{bin_prefix} and @var{prefix}.

difference between @var{bin_prefix} and @var{prefix}.

If @var{progname} does not contain any directory separators,

If @var{progname} does not contain any directory separators,

@code{make_relative_prefix} will search @env{PATH} to find a program

@code{make_relative_prefix} will search @env{PATH} to find a program

named @var{progname}.  Also, if @var{progname} is a symbolic link,

named @var{progname}.  Also, if @var{progname} is a symbolic link,

the symbolic link will be resolved.

the symbolic link will be resolved.

For example, if @var{bin_prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta},

For example, if @var{bin_prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/gcc/delta},

@var{prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/}, and @var{progname} is

@var{prefix} is @code{/alpha/beta/gamma/omega/}, and @var{progname} is

@code{/red/green/blue/gcc}, then this function will return

@code{/red/green/blue/gcc}, then this function will return

@code{/red/green/blue/../../omega/}.

@code{/red/green/blue/../../omega/}.

The return value is normally allocated via @code{malloc}.  If no

The return value is normally allocated via @code{malloc}.  If no

relative prefix can be found, return @code{NULL}.

relative prefix can be found, return @code{NULL}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c make-temp-file.c:168

@c make-temp-file.c:168

@deftypefn Replacement char* make_temp_file (const char *@var{suffix})

@deftypefn Replacement char* make_temp_file (const char *@var{suffix})

Return a temporary file name (as a string) or @code{NULL} if unable to

Return a temporary file name (as a string) or @code{NULL} if unable to

create one.  @var{suffix} is a suffix to append to the file name.  The

create one.  @var{suffix} is a suffix to append to the file name.  The

string is @code{malloc}ed, and the temporary file has been created.

string is @code{malloc}ed, and the temporary file has been created.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memchr.c:3

@c memchr.c:3

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memchr (const void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{n})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memchr (const void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{n})

This function searches memory starting at @code{*@var{s}} for the

This function searches memory starting at @code{*@var{s}} for the

character @var{c}.  The search only ends with the first occurrence of

character @var{c}.  The search only ends with the first occurrence of

@var{c}, or after @var{length} characters; in particular, a null

@var{c}, or after @var{length} characters; in particular, a null

character does not terminate the search.  If the character @var{c} is

character does not terminate the search.  If the character @var{c} is

found within @var{length} characters of @code{*@var{s}}, a pointer

found within @var{length} characters of @code{*@var{s}}, a pointer

to the character is returned.  If @var{c} is not found, then @code{NULL} is

to the character is returned.  If @var{c} is not found, then @code{NULL} is

returned.

returned.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memcmp.c:6

@c memcmp.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental int memcmp (const void *@var{x}, const void *@var{y}, size_t @var{count})

@deftypefn Supplemental int memcmp (const void *@var{x}, const void *@var{y}, size_t @var{count})

Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns

Compares the first @var{count} bytes of two areas of memory.  Returns

zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if @var{x} is

zero if they are the same, a value less than zero if @var{x} is

lexically less than @var{y}, or a value greater than zero if @var{x}

lexically less than @var{y}, or a value greater than zero if @var{x}

is lexically greater than @var{y}.  Note that lexical order is determined

is lexically greater than @var{y}.  Note that lexical order is determined

as if comparing unsigned char arrays.

as if comparing unsigned char arrays.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memcpy.c:6

@c memcpy.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out}.

@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memmem.c:20

@c memmem.c:20

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmem (const void *@var{haystack}, size_t @var{haystack_len} const void *@var{needle}, size_t @var{needle_len})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmem (const void *@var{haystack}, size_t @var{haystack_len} const void *@var{needle}, size_t @var{needle_len})

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of @var{needle} (length

Returns a pointer to the first occurrence of @var{needle} (length

@var{needle_len}) in @var{haystack} (length @var{haystack_len}).

@var{needle_len}) in @var{haystack} (length @var{haystack_len}).

Returns @code{NULL} if not found.

Returns @code{NULL} if not found.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memmove.c:6

@c memmove.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmove (void *@var{from}, const void *@var{to}, size_t @var{count})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memmove (void *@var{from}, const void *@var{to}, size_t @var{count})

Copies @var{count} bytes from memory area @var{from} to memory area

Copies @var{count} bytes from memory area @var{from} to memory area

@var{to}, returning a pointer to @var{to}.

@var{to}, returning a pointer to @var{to}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c mempcpy.c:23

@c mempcpy.c:23

@deftypefn Supplemental void* mempcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* mempcpy (void *@var{out}, const void *@var{in}, size_t @var{length})

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

Copies @var{length} bytes from memory region @var{in} to region

@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out} + @var{length}.

@var{out}.  Returns a pointer to @var{out} + @var{length}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c memset.c:6

@c memset.c:6

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memset (void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{count})

@deftypefn Supplemental void* memset (void *@var{s}, int @var{c}, size_t @var{count})

Sets the first @var{count} bytes of @var{s} to the constant byte

Sets the first @var{count} bytes of @var{s} to the constant byte

@var{c}, returning a pointer to @var{s}.

@var{c}, returning a pointer to @var{s}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c mkstemps.c:58

@c mkstemps.c:58

@deftypefn Replacement int mkstemps (char *@var{pattern}, int @var{suffix_len})

@deftypefn Replacement int mkstemps (char *@var{pattern}, int @var{suffix_len})

Generate a unique temporary file name from @var{pattern}.

Generate a unique temporary file name from @var{pattern}.

@var{pattern} has the form:

@var{pattern} has the form:

@example

@example

   @var{path}/ccXXXXXX@var{suffix}

   @var{path}/ccXXXXXX@var{suffix}

@end example

@end example

@var{suffix_len} tells us how long @var{suffix} is (it can be zero

@var{suffix_len} tells us how long @var{suffix} is (it can be zero

length).  The last six characters of @var{pattern} before @var{suffix}

length).  The last six characters of @var{pattern} before @var{suffix}

must be @samp{XXXXXX}; they are replaced with a string that makes the

must be @samp{XXXXXX}; they are replaced with a string that makes the

filename unique.  Returns a file descriptor open on the file for

filename unique.  Returns a file descriptor open on the file for

reading and writing.

reading and writing.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:266

@c pexecute.txh:266

@deftypefn Extension void pex_free (struct pex_obj @var{obj})

@deftypefn Extension void pex_free (struct pex_obj @var{obj})

Clean up and free all data associated with @var{obj}.  If you have not

Clean up and free all data associated with @var{obj}.  If you have not

yet called @code{pex_get_times} or @code{pex_get_status}, this will

yet called @code{pex_get_times} or @code{pex_get_status}, this will

try to kill the subprocesses.

try to kill the subprocesses.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:241

@c pexecute.txh:241

@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_status (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, int *@var{vector})

@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_status (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, int *@var{vector})

Returns the exit status of all programs run using @var{obj}.

Returns the exit status of all programs run using @var{obj}.

@var{count} is the number of results expected.  The results will be

@var{count} is the number of results expected.  The results will be

placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the order of the calls

placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the order of the calls

to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on success.

to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on success.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:250

@c pexecute.txh:250

@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_times (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, struct pex_time *@var{vector})

@deftypefn Extension int pex_get_times (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{count}, struct pex_time *@var{vector})

Returns the process execution times of all programs run using

Returns the process execution times of all programs run using

@var{obj}.  @var{count} is the number of results expected.  The

@var{obj}.  @var{count} is the number of results expected.  The

results will be placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the

results will be placed into @var{vector}.  The results are in the

order of the calls to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on

order of the calls to @code{pex_run}.  Returns 0 on error, 1 on

success.

success.

@code{struct pex_time} has the following fields of the type

@code{struct pex_time} has the following fields of the type

@code{unsigned long}: @code{user_seconds},

@code{unsigned long}: @code{user_seconds},

@code{user_microseconds}, @code{system_seconds},

@code{user_microseconds}, @code{system_seconds},

@code{system_microseconds}.  On systems which do not support reporting

@code{system_microseconds}.  On systems which do not support reporting

process times, all the fields will be set to @code{0}.

process times, all the fields will be set to @code{0}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:2

@c pexecute.txh:2

@deftypefn Extension {struct pex_obj *} pex_init (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{tempbase})

@deftypefn Extension {struct pex_obj *} pex_init (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{tempbase})

Prepare to execute one or more programs, with standard output of each

Prepare to execute one or more programs, with standard output of each

program fed to standard input of the next.  This is a system

program fed to standard input of the next.  This is a system

independent interface to execute a pipeline.

independent interface to execute a pipeline.

@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:

@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:

@table @code

@table @code

@vindex PEX_RECORD_TIMES

@vindex PEX_RECORD_TIMES

@item PEX_RECORD_TIMES

@item PEX_RECORD_TIMES

Record subprocess times if possible.

Record subprocess times if possible.

@vindex PEX_USE_PIPES

@vindex PEX_USE_PIPES

@item PEX_USE_PIPES

@item PEX_USE_PIPES

Use pipes for communication between processes, if possible.

Use pipes for communication between processes, if possible.

@vindex PEX_SAVE_TEMPS

@vindex PEX_SAVE_TEMPS

@item PEX_SAVE_TEMPS

@item PEX_SAVE_TEMPS

Don't delete temporary files used for communication between

Don't delete temporary files used for communication between

processes.

processes.

@end table

@end table

@var{pname} is the name of program to be executed, used in error

@var{pname} is the name of program to be executed, used in error

messages.  @var{tempbase} is a base name to use for any required

messages.  @var{tempbase} is a base name to use for any required

temporary files; it may be @code{NULL} to use a randomly chosen name.

temporary files; it may be @code{NULL} to use a randomly chosen name.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:155

@c pexecute.txh:155

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_file (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{in_name})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_file (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{in_name})

Return a stream for a temporary file to pass to the first program in

Return a stream for a temporary file to pass to the first program in

the pipeline as input.

the pipeline as input.

The name of the input file is chosen according to the same rules

The name of the input file is chosen according to the same rules

@code{pex_run} uses to choose output file names, based on

@code{pex_run} uses to choose output file names, based on

@var{in_name}, @var{obj} and the @code{PEX_SUFFIX} bit in @var{flags}.

@var{in_name}, @var{obj} and the @code{PEX_SUFFIX} bit in @var{flags}.

Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned stream; the first call to

Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned stream; the first call to

@code{pex_run} closes it automatically.

@code{pex_run} closes it automatically.

If @var{flags} includes @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}, open the stream in

If @var{flags} includes @code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}, open the stream in

binary mode; otherwise, open it in the default mode.  Including

binary mode; otherwise, open it in the default mode.  Including

@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} in @var{flags} has no effect on Unix.

@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT} in @var{flags} has no effect on Unix.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:172

@c pexecute.txh:172

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_pipe (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_input_pipe (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

Return a stream @var{fp} for a pipe connected to the standard input of

Return a stream @var{fp} for a pipe connected to the standard input of

the first program in the pipeline; @var{fp} is opened for writing.

the first program in the pipeline; @var{fp} is opened for writing.

You must have passed @code{PEX_USE_PIPES} to the @code{pex_init} call

You must have passed @code{PEX_USE_PIPES} to the @code{pex_init} call

that returned @var{obj}.

that returned @var{obj}.

You must close @var{fp} using @code{fclose} yourself when you have

You must close @var{fp} using @code{fclose} yourself when you have

finished writing data to the pipeline.

finished writing data to the pipeline.

The file descriptor underlying @var{fp} is marked not to be inherited

The file descriptor underlying @var{fp} is marked not to be inherited

by child processes.

by child processes.

On systems that do not support pipes, this function returns

On systems that do not support pipes, this function returns

@code{NULL}, and sets @code{errno} to @code{EINVAL}.  If you would

@code{NULL}, and sets @code{errno} to @code{EINVAL}.  If you would

like to write code that is portable to all systems the @code{pex}

like to write code that is portable to all systems the @code{pex}

functions support, consider using @code{pex_input_file} instead.

functions support, consider using @code{pex_input_file} instead.

There are two opportunities for deadlock using

There are two opportunities for deadlock using

@code{pex_input_pipe}:

@code{pex_input_pipe}:

@itemize @bullet

@itemize @bullet

@item

@item

Most systems' pipes can buffer only a fixed amount of data; a process

Most systems' pipes can buffer only a fixed amount of data; a process

that writes to a full pipe blocks.  Thus, if you write to @file{fp}

that writes to a full pipe blocks.  Thus, if you write to @file{fp}

before starting the first process, you run the risk of blocking when

before starting the first process, you run the risk of blocking when

there is no child process yet to read the data and allow you to

there is no child process yet to read the data and allow you to

continue.  @code{pex_input_pipe} makes no promises about the

continue.  @code{pex_input_pipe} makes no promises about the

size of the pipe's buffer, so if you need to write any data at all

size of the pipe's buffer, so if you need to write any data at all

before starting the first process in the pipeline, consider using

before starting the first process in the pipeline, consider using

@code{pex_input_file} instead.

@code{pex_input_file} instead.

@item

@item

Using @code{pex_input_pipe} and @code{pex_read_output} together

Using @code{pex_input_pipe} and @code{pex_read_output} together

may also cause deadlock.  If the output pipe fills up, so that each

may also cause deadlock.  If the output pipe fills up, so that each

program in the pipeline is waiting for the next to read more data, and

program in the pipeline is waiting for the next to read more data, and

you fill the input pipe by writing more data to @var{fp}, then there

you fill the input pipe by writing more data to @var{fp}, then there

is no way to make progress: the only process that could read data from

is no way to make progress: the only process that could read data from

the output pipe is you, but you are blocked on the input pipe.

the output pipe is you, but you are blocked on the input pipe.

@end itemize

@end itemize

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:274

@c pexecute.txh:274

@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_one (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{status}, int *@var{err})

@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_one (int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{pname}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{status}, int *@var{err})

An interface to permit the easy execution of a

An interface to permit the easy execution of a

single program.  The return value and most of the parameters are as

single program.  The return value and most of the parameters are as

for a call to @code{pex_run}.  @var{flags} is restricted to a

for a call to @code{pex_run}.  @var{flags} is restricted to a

combination of @code{PEX_SEARCH}, @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}, and

combination of @code{PEX_SEARCH}, @code{PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT}, and

@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}.  @var{outname} is interpreted as if

@code{PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT}.  @var{outname} is interpreted as if

@code{PEX_LAST} were set.  On a successful return, @code{*@var{status}} will

@code{PEX_LAST} were set.  On a successful return, @code{*@var{status}} will

be set to the exit status of the program.

be set to the exit status of the program.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:228

@c pexecute.txh:228

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_err (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_err (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard

Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard

error of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,

error of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,

@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After

@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After

this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same

this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same

@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be

@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be

opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;

opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;

it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.

it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:216

@c pexecute.txh:216

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_output (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

@deftypefn Extension {FILE *} pex_read_output (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{binary})

Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard

Returns a @code{FILE} pointer which may be used to read the standard

output of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,

output of the last program in the pipeline.  When this is used,

@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After

@code{PEX_LAST} should not be used in a call to @code{pex_run}.  After

this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same

this is called, @code{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same

@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be

@var{obj}.  @var{binary} should be non-zero if the file should be

opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;

opened in binary mode.  Don't call @code{fclose} on the returned file;

it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.

it will be closed by @code{pex_free}.

@end deftypefn

@end deftypefn

@c pexecute.txh:33

@c pexecute.txh:33

@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})

@deftypefn Extension {const char *} pex_run (struct pex_obj *@var{obj}, int @var{flags}, const char *@var{executable}, char * const *@var{argv}, const char *@var{outname}, const char *@var{errname}, int *@var{err})

Execute one program in a pipeline.  On success this returns

Execute one program in a pipeline.  On success this returns

@code{NULL}.  On failure it returns an error message, a statically

@code{NULL}.  On failure it returns an error message, a statically

allocated string.

allocated string.

@var{obj} is returned by a previous call to @code{pex_init}.

@var{obj} is returned by a previous call to @code{pex_init}.

@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:

@var{flags} is a bitwise combination of the following:

@table @code

@table @code

@vindex PEX_LAST

@vindex PEX_LAST

@item PEX_LAST

@item PEX_LAST

This must be set on the last program in the pipeline.  In particular,

This must be set on the last program in the pipeline.  In particular,

it should be set when executing a single program.  The standard output

it should be set when executing a single program.  The standard output

of the program will be sent to @var{outname}, or, if @var{outname} is

of the program will be sent to @var{outname}, or, if @var{outname} is

@code{NULL}, to the standard output of the calling program.  Do @emph{not}

@code{NULL}, to the standard output of the calling program.  Do @emph{not}

set this bit if you want to call @code{pex_read_output}

set this bit if you want to call @code{pex_read_output}

(described below).  After a call to @code{pex_run} with this bit set,

(described below).  After a call to @code{pex_run} with this bit set,

@var{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same @var{obj}.

@var{pex_run} may no longer be called with the same @var{obj}.

@vindex PEX_SEARCH

@vindex PEX_SEARCH

@item PEX_SEARCH

@item PEX_SEARCH

Search for the program using the user's executable search path.

Search for the program using the user's executable search path.

@vindex PEX_SUFFIX

@vindex PEX_SUFFIX

@item PEX_SUFFIX

@item PEX_SUFFIX

@var{outname} is a suffix.  See the description of @var{outname},

@var{outname} is a suffix.  See the description of @var{outname},

below.

below.

@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT

@vindex PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT

@item PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT

@item PEX_STDERR_TO_STDOUT

Send the program's standard error to standard output, if possible.

Send the program's standard error to standard output, if possible.

@vindex PEX_BINARY_INPUT

@vindex PEX_BINARY_INPUT

@vindex PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT

@vindex PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT

@vindex PEX_BINARY_ERROR

@vindex PEX_BINARY_ERROR

@item PEX_BINARY_INPUT

@item PEX_BINARY_INPUT

@itemx PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT

@itemx PEX_BINARY_OUTPUT

@itemx PEX_BINARY_ERROR

@itemx PEX_BINARY_ERROR

The standard input (output or error) of the program should be read (written) in

The standard input (output or error) of the program should be read (written) in

binary mode rather than text mode.  These flags are ignored on systems

binary mode rather than text mode.  These flags are ignored on systems

which do not distinguish binary mode and text mode, such as Unix.  For

which do not distinguish binary mode and text mode, such as Unix.  For