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NAME="NET-COMMON-TCPIP-MANPAGES-GETADDRINFO">getaddrinfo</H1
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>GETADDRINFO(3) System Library Functions Manual GETADDRINFO(3)
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>GETADDRINFO(3) System Library Functions Manual GETADDRINFO(3)
|
|
|
NAME
|
NAME
|
getaddrinfo, freeaddrinfo, gai_strerror - nodename-to-address translation
|
getaddrinfo, freeaddrinfo, gai_strerror - nodename-to-address translation
|
in protocol-independent manner
|
in protocol-independent manner
|
|
|
SYNOPSIS
|
SYNOPSIS
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
#include <sys/types.h>
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
|
#include <sys/socket.h>
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#include <netdb.h>
|
#include <netdb.h>
|
|
|
int
|
int
|
getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char *servname,
|
getaddrinfo(const char *nodename, const char *servname,
|
const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
|
const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res);
|
|
|
void
|
void
|
freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *ai);
|
freeaddrinfo(struct addrinfo *ai);
|
|
|
char *
|
char *
|
gai_strerror(int ecode);
|
gai_strerror(int ecode);
|
|
|
DESCRIPTION
|
DESCRIPTION
|
The getaddrinfo() function is defined for protocol-independent nodename-
|
The getaddrinfo() function is defined for protocol-independent nodename-
|
to-address translation. It performs the functionality of
|
to-address translation. It performs the functionality of
|
gethostbyname(3) and getservbyname(3), but in a more sophisticated man-
|
gethostbyname(3) and getservbyname(3), but in a more sophisticated man-
|
ner.
|
ner.
|
|
|
The addrinfo structure is defined as a result of including the <netdb.h>
|
The addrinfo structure is defined as a result of including the <netdb.h>
|
header:
|
header:
|
|
|
struct addrinfo { *
|
struct addrinfo { *
|
int ai_flags; /* AI_PASSIVE, AI_CANONNAME, AI_NUMERICHOST */
|
int ai_flags; /* AI_PASSIVE, AI_CANONNAME, AI_NUMERICHOST */
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int ai_family; /* PF_xxx */
|
int ai_family; /* PF_xxx */
|
int ai_socktype; /* SOCK_xxx */
|
int ai_socktype; /* SOCK_xxx */
|
int ai_protocol; /* 0 or IPPROTO_xxx for IPv4 and IPv6 */
|
int ai_protocol; /* 0 or IPPROTO_xxx for IPv4 and IPv6 */
|
size_t ai_addrlen; /* length of ai_addr */
|
size_t ai_addrlen; /* length of ai_addr */
|
char *ai_canonname; /* canonical name for nodename */
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char *ai_canonname; /* canonical name for nodename */
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struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* binary address */
|
struct sockaddr *ai_addr; /* binary address */
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struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* next structure in linked list */
|
struct addrinfo *ai_next; /* next structure in linked list */
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};
|
};
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|
|
The nodename and servname arguments are pointers to NUL-terminated
|
The nodename and servname arguments are pointers to NUL-terminated
|
strings or NULL. One or both of these two arguments must be a non-null
|
strings or NULL. One or both of these two arguments must be a non-null
|
pointer. In the normal client scenario, both the nodename and servname
|
pointer. In the normal client scenario, both the nodename and servname
|
are specified. In the normal server scenario, only the servname is spec-
|
are specified. In the normal server scenario, only the servname is spec-
|
ified. A non-null nodename string can be either a node name or a numeric
|
ified. A non-null nodename string can be either a node name or a numeric
|
host address string (i.e., a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex
|
host address string (i.e., a dotted-decimal IPv4 address or an IPv6 hex
|
address). A non-null servname string can be either a service name or a
|
address). A non-null servname string can be either a service name or a
|
decimal port number.
|
decimal port number.
|
|
|
The caller can optionally pass an addrinfo structure, pointed to by the
|
The caller can optionally pass an addrinfo structure, pointed to by the
|
third argument, to provide hints concerning the type of socket that the
|
third argument, to provide hints concerning the type of socket that the
|
caller supports. In this hints structure all members other than
|
caller supports. In this hints structure all members other than
|
ai_flags, ai_family, ai_socktype, and ai_protocol must be zero or a null
|
ai_flags, ai_family, ai_socktype, and ai_protocol must be zero or a null
|
pointer. A value of PF_UNSPEC for ai_family means the caller will accept
|
pointer. A value of PF_UNSPEC for ai_family means the caller will accept
|
any protocol family. A value of 0 for ai_socktype means the caller will
|
any protocol family. A value of 0 for ai_socktype means the caller will
|
accept any socket type. A value of 0 for ai_protocol means the caller
|
accept any socket type. A value of 0 for ai_protocol means the caller
|
will accept any protocol. For example, if the caller handles only TCP
|
will accept any protocol. For example, if the caller handles only TCP
|
and not UDP, then the ai_socktype member of the hints structure should be
|
and not UDP, then the ai_socktype member of the hints structure should be
|
set to SOCK_STREAM when getaddrinfo() is called. If the caller handles
|
set to SOCK_STREAM when getaddrinfo() is called. If the caller handles
|
only IPv4 and not IPv6, then the ai_family member of the hints structure
|
only IPv4 and not IPv6, then the ai_family member of the hints structure
|
should be set to PF_INET when getaddrinfo() is called. If the third
|
should be set to PF_INET when getaddrinfo() is called. If the third
|
argument to getaddrinfo() is a null pointer, this is the same as if the
|
argument to getaddrinfo() is a null pointer, this is the same as if the
|
caller had filled in an addrinfo structure initialized to zero with
|
caller had filled in an addrinfo structure initialized to zero with
|
ai_family set to PF_UNSPEC.
|
ai_family set to PF_UNSPEC.
|
|
|
Upon successful return a pointer to a linked list of one or more addrinfo
|
Upon successful return a pointer to a linked list of one or more addrinfo
|
structures is returned through the final argument. The caller can pro-
|
structures is returned through the final argument. The caller can pro-
|
cess each addrinfo structure in this list by following the ai_next
|
cess each addrinfo structure in this list by following the ai_next
|
pointer, until a null pointer is encountered. In each returned addrinfo
|
pointer, until a null pointer is encountered. In each returned addrinfo
|
structure the three members ai_family, ai_socktype, and ai_protocol are
|
structure the three members ai_family, ai_socktype, and ai_protocol are
|
the corresponding arguments for a call to the socket() function. In each
|
the corresponding arguments for a call to the socket() function. In each
|
addrinfo structure the ai_addr member points to a filled-in socket
|
addrinfo structure the ai_addr member points to a filled-in socket
|
address structure whose length is specified by the ai_addrlen member.
|
address structure whose length is specified by the ai_addrlen member.
|
|
|
If the AI_PASSIVE bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints struc-
|
If the AI_PASSIVE bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints struc-
|
ture, then the caller plans to use the returned socket address structure
|
ture, then the caller plans to use the returned socket address structure
|
in a call to bind(). In this case, if the nodename argument is a null
|
in a call to bind(). In this case, if the nodename argument is a null
|
pointer, then the IP address portion of the socket address structure will
|
pointer, then the IP address portion of the socket address structure will
|
be set to INADDR_ANY for an IPv4 address or IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT for an IPv6
|
be set to INADDR_ANY for an IPv4 address or IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT for an IPv6
|
address.
|
address.
|
|
|
If the AI_PASSIVE bit is not set in the ai_flags member of the hints
|
If the AI_PASSIVE bit is not set in the ai_flags member of the hints
|
structure, then the returned socket address structure will be ready for a
|
structure, then the returned socket address structure will be ready for a
|
call to connect() (for a connection-oriented protocol) or either
|
call to connect() (for a connection-oriented protocol) or either
|
connect(), sendto(), or sendmsg() (for a connectionless protocol). In
|
connect(), sendto(), or sendmsg() (for a connectionless protocol). In
|
this case, if the nodename argument is a null pointer, then the IP
|
this case, if the nodename argument is a null pointer, then the IP
|
address portion of the socket address structure will be set to the loop-
|
address portion of the socket address structure will be set to the loop-
|
back address.
|
back address.
|
|
|
If the AI_CANONNAME bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints struc-
|
If the AI_CANONNAME bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints struc-
|
ture, then upon successful return the ai_canonname member of the first
|
ture, then upon successful return the ai_canonname member of the first
|
addrinfo structure in the linked list will point to a NUL-terminated
|
addrinfo structure in the linked list will point to a NUL-terminated
|
string containing the canonical name of the specified nodename.
|
string containing the canonical name of the specified nodename.
|
|
|
If the AI_NUMERICHOST bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints
|
If the AI_NUMERICHOST bit is set in the ai_flags member of the hints
|
structure, then a non-null nodename string must be a numeric host address
|
structure, then a non-null nodename string must be a numeric host address
|
string. Otherwise an error of EAI_NONAME is returned. This flag pre-
|
string. Otherwise an error of EAI_NONAME is returned. This flag pre-
|
vents any type of name resolution service (e.g., the DNS) from being
|
vents any type of name resolution service (e.g., the DNS) from being
|
called.
|
called.
|
|
|
The arguments to getaddrinfo() must sufficiently be consistent and unam-
|
The arguments to getaddrinfo() must sufficiently be consistent and unam-
|
biguous. Here are pitfall cases you may encounter:
|
biguous. Here are pitfall cases you may encounter:
|
|
|
o getaddrinfo() will raise an error if members of the hints structure
|
o getaddrinfo() will raise an error if members of the hints structure
|
are not consistent. For example, for internet address families,
|
are not consistent. For example, for internet address families,
|
getaddrinfo() will raise an error if you specify SOCK_STREAM to
|
getaddrinfo() will raise an error if you specify SOCK_STREAM to
|
ai_socktype while you specify IPPROTO_UDP to ai_protocol.
|
ai_socktype while you specify IPPROTO_UDP to ai_protocol.
|
|
|
o If you specify a servname which is defined only for certain
|
o If you specify a servname which is defined only for certain
|
ai_socktype, getaddrinfo() will raise an error because the arguments
|
ai_socktype, getaddrinfo() will raise an error because the arguments
|
are not consistent. For example, getaddrinfo() will raise an error
|
are not consistent. For example, getaddrinfo() will raise an error
|
if you ask for ``tftp'' service on SOCK_STREAM.
|
if you ask for ``tftp'' service on SOCK_STREAM.
|
|
|
o For internet address families, if you specify servname while you set
|
o For internet address families, if you specify servname while you set
|
ai_socktype to SOCK_RAW, getaddrinfo() will raise an error, because
|
ai_socktype to SOCK_RAW, getaddrinfo() will raise an error, because
|
service names are not defined for the internet SOCK_RAW space.
|
service names are not defined for the internet SOCK_RAW space.
|
|
|
o If you specify a numeric servname, while leaving ai_socktype and
|
o If you specify a numeric servname, while leaving ai_socktype and
|
ai_protocol unspecified, getaddrinfo() will raise an error. This is
|
ai_protocol unspecified, getaddrinfo() will raise an error. This is
|
because the numeric servname does not identify any socket type, and
|
because the numeric servname does not identify any socket type, and
|
getaddrinfo() is not allowed to glob the argument in such case.
|
getaddrinfo() is not allowed to glob the argument in such case.
|
|
|
All of the information returned by getaddrinfo() is dynamically allo-
|
All of the information returned by getaddrinfo() is dynamically allo-
|
cated: the addrinfo structures, the socket address structures, and canon-
|
cated: the addrinfo structures, the socket address structures, and canon-
|
ical node name strings pointed to by the addrinfo structures. To return
|
ical node name strings pointed to by the addrinfo structures. To return
|
this information to the system the function freeaddrinfo() is called.
|
this information to the system the function freeaddrinfo() is called.
|
The addrinfo structure pointed to by the ai argument is freed, along with
|
The addrinfo structure pointed to by the ai argument is freed, along with
|
any dynamic storage pointed to by the structure. This operation is
|
any dynamic storage pointed to by the structure. This operation is
|
repeated until a NULL ai_next pointer is encountered.
|
repeated until a NULL ai_next pointer is encountered.
|
|
|
To aid applications in printing error messages based on the EAI_xxx codes
|
To aid applications in printing error messages based on the EAI_xxx codes
|
returned by getaddrinfo(), gai_strerror() is defined. The argument is
|
returned by getaddrinfo(), gai_strerror() is defined. The argument is
|
one of the EAI_xxx values defined earlier and the return value points to
|
one of the EAI_xxx values defined earlier and the return value points to
|
a string describing the error. If the argument is not one of the EAI_xxx
|
a string describing the error. If the argument is not one of the EAI_xxx
|
values, the function still returns a pointer to a string whose contents
|
values, the function still returns a pointer to a string whose contents
|
indicate an unknown error.
|
indicate an unknown error.
|
|
|
Extension for scoped IPv6 address
|
Extension for scoped IPv6 address
|
The implementation allows experimental numeric IPv6 address notation with
|
The implementation allows experimental numeric IPv6 address notation with
|
scope identifier. By appending the percent character and scope identi-
|
scope identifier. By appending the percent character and scope identi-
|
fier to addresses, you can fill sin6_scope_id field for addresses. This
|
fier to addresses, you can fill sin6_scope_id field for addresses. This
|
would make management of scoped address easier, and allows cut-and-paste
|
would make management of scoped address easier, and allows cut-and-paste
|
input of scoped address.
|
input of scoped address.
|
|
|
At this moment the code supports only link-local addresses with the for-
|
At this moment the code supports only link-local addresses with the for-
|
mat. Scope identifier is hardcoded to name of hardware interface associ-
|
mat. Scope identifier is hardcoded to name of hardware interface associ-
|
ated with the link. (such as ne0). Example would be like
|
ated with the link. (such as ne0). Example would be like
|
``fe80::1%ne0'', which means ``fe80::1 on the link associated with ne0
|
``fe80::1%ne0'', which means ``fe80::1 on the link associated with ne0
|
interface''.
|
interface''.
|
|
|
The implementation is still very experimental and non-standard. The cur-
|
The implementation is still very experimental and non-standard. The cur-
|
rent implementation assumes one-by-one relationship between interface and
|
rent implementation assumes one-by-one relationship between interface and
|
link, which is not necessarily true from the specification.
|
link, which is not necessarily true from the specification.
|
|
|
EXAMPLES
|
EXAMPLES
|
The following code tries to connect to ``www.kame.net'' service ``http''.
|
The following code tries to connect to ``www.kame.net'' service ``http''.
|
via stream socket. It loops through all the addresses available, regard-
|
via stream socket. It loops through all the addresses available, regard-
|
less from address family. If the destination resolves to IPv4 address,
|
less from address family. If the destination resolves to IPv4 address,
|
it will use AF_INET socket. Similarly, if it resolves to IPv6, AF_INET6
|
it will use AF_INET socket. Similarly, if it resolves to IPv6, AF_INET6
|
socket is used. Observe that there is no hardcoded reference to particu-
|
socket is used. Observe that there is no hardcoded reference to particu-
|
lar address family. The code works even if getaddrinfo returns addresses
|
lar address family. The code works even if getaddrinfo returns addresses
|
that are not IPv4/v6.
|
that are not IPv4/v6.
|
|
|
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0;
|
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0;
|
int error;
|
int error;
|
int s;
|
int s;
|
const char *cause = NULL;
|
const char *cause = NULL;
|
|
|
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
|
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
|
hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
|
hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
|
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
|
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
|
error = getaddrinfo("www.kame.net", "http", &hints, &res0);
|
error = getaddrinfo("www.kame.net", "http", &hints, &res0);
|
if (error) {
|
if (error) {
|
errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
|
errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
}
|
}
|
s = -1;
|
s = -1;
|
for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
|
for (res = res0; res; res = res->ai_next) {
|
s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
|
s = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
|
res->ai_protocol);
|
res->ai_protocol);
|
if (s < 0) {
|
if (s < 0) {
|
cause = "socket";
|
cause = "socket";
|
continue;
|
continue;
|
}
|
}
|
|
|
if (connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
|
if (connect(s, res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
|
cause = "connect";
|
cause = "connect";
|
close(s);
|
close(s);
|
s = -1;
|
s = -1;
|
continue;
|
continue;
|
}
|
}
|
|
|
break; /* okay we got one */
|
break; /* okay we got one */
|
}
|
}
|
if (s < 0) {
|
if (s < 0) {
|
err(1, cause);
|
err(1, cause);
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
}
|
}
|
freeaddrinfo(res0);
|
freeaddrinfo(res0);
|
|
|
The following example tries to open a wildcard listening socket onto ser-
|
The following example tries to open a wildcard listening socket onto ser-
|
vice ``http'', for all the address families available.
|
vice ``http'', for all the address families available.
|
|
|
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0;
|
struct addrinfo hints, *res, *res0;
|
int error;
|
int error;
|
int s[MAXSOCK];
|
int s[MAXSOCK];
|
int nsock;
|
int nsock;
|
const char *cause = NULL;
|
const char *cause = NULL;
|
|
|
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
|
memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
|
hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
|
hints.ai_family = PF_UNSPEC;
|
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
|
hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
|
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
|
hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;
|
error = getaddrinfo(NULL, "http", &hints, &res0);
|
error = getaddrinfo(NULL, "http", &hints, &res0);
|
if (error) {
|
if (error) {
|
errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
|
errx(1, "%s", gai_strerror(error));
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
}
|
}
|
nsock = 0;
|
nsock = 0;
|
for (res = res0; res && nsock < MAXSOCK; res = res->ai_next) {
|
for (res = res0; res && nsock < MAXSOCK; res = res->ai_next) {
|
s[nsock] = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
|
s[nsock] = socket(res->ai_family, res->ai_socktype,
|
res->ai_protocol);
|
res->ai_protocol);
|
if (s[nsock] < 0) {
|
if (s[nsock] < 0) {
|
cause = "socket";
|
cause = "socket";
|
continue;
|
continue;
|
}
|
}
|
|
|
if (bind(s[nsock], res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
|
if (bind(s[nsock], res->ai_addr, res->ai_addrlen) < 0) {
|
cause = "bind";
|
cause = "bind";
|
close(s[nsock]);
|
close(s[nsock]);
|
continue;
|
continue;
|
}
|
}
|
(void) listen(s[nsock], 5);
|
(void) listen(s[nsock], 5);
|
|
|
nsock++;
|
nsock++;
|
}
|
}
|
if (nsock == 0) {
|
if (nsock == 0) {
|
err(1, cause);
|
err(1, cause);
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
/*NOTREACHED*/
|
}
|
}
|
freeaddrinfo(res0);
|
freeaddrinfo(res0);
|
|
|
DIAGNOSTICS
|
DIAGNOSTICS
|
Error return status from getaddrinfo() is zero on success and non-zero on
|
Error return status from getaddrinfo() is zero on success and non-zero on
|
errors. Non-zero error codes are defined in <netdb.h>, and as follows:
|
errors. Non-zero error codes are defined in <netdb.h>, and as follows:
|
|
|
EAI_ADDRFAMILY Address family for nodename not supported.
|
EAI_ADDRFAMILY Address family for nodename not supported.
|
EAI_AGAIN Temporary failure in name resolution.
|
EAI_AGAIN Temporary failure in name resolution.
|
EAI_BADFLAGS Invalid value for ai_flags.
|
EAI_BADFLAGS Invalid value for ai_flags.
|
EAI_FAIL Non-recoverable failure in name resolution.
|
EAI_FAIL Non-recoverable failure in name resolution.
|
EAI_FAMILY ai_family not supported.
|
EAI_FAMILY ai_family not supported.
|
EAI_MEMORY Memory allocation failure.
|
EAI_MEMORY Memory allocation failure.
|
EAI_NODATA No address associated with nodename.
|
EAI_NODATA No address associated with nodename.
|
EAI_NONAME nodename nor servname provided, or not known.
|
EAI_NONAME nodename nor servname provided, or not known.
|
EAI_SERVICE servname not supported for ai_socktype.
|
EAI_SERVICE servname not supported for ai_socktype.
|
EAI_SOCKTYPE ai_socktype not supported.
|
EAI_SOCKTYPE ai_socktype not supported.
|
EAI_SYSTEM System error returned in errno.
|
EAI_SYSTEM System error returned in errno.
|
|
|
If called with proper argument, gai_strerror() returns a pointer to a
|
If called with proper argument, gai_strerror() returns a pointer to a
|
string describing the given error code. If the argument is not one of
|
string describing the given error code. If the argument is not one of
|
the EAI_xxx values, the function still returns a pointer to a string
|
the EAI_xxx values, the function still returns a pointer to a string
|
whose contents indicate an unknown error.
|
whose contents indicate an unknown error.
|
|
|
SEE ALSO
|
SEE ALSO
|
getnameinfo(3), gethostbyname(3), getservbyname(3), hosts(5),
|
getnameinfo(3), gethostbyname(3), getservbyname(3), hosts(5),
|
resolv.conf(5), services(5), hostname(7), named(8)
|
resolv.conf(5), services(5), hostname(7), named(8)
|
|
|
R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound, and W. Stevens, Basic Socket Interface
|
R. Gilligan, S. Thomson, J. Bound, and W. Stevens, Basic Socket Interface
|
Extensions for IPv6, RFC2553, March 1999.
|
Extensions for IPv6, RFC2553, March 1999.
|
|
|
Tatsuya Jinmei and Atsushi Onoe, An Extension of Format for IPv6 Scoped
|
Tatsuya Jinmei and Atsushi Onoe, An Extension of Format for IPv6 Scoped
|
Addresses, internet draft, draft-ietf-ipngwg-scopedaddr-format-02.txt,
|
Addresses, internet draft, draft-ietf-ipngwg-scopedaddr-format-02.txt,
|
work in progress material.
|
work in progress material.
|
|
|
Craig Metz, "Protocol Independence Using the Sockets API", Proceedings of
|
Craig Metz, "Protocol Independence Using the Sockets API", Proceedings of
|
the freenix track: 2000 USENIX annual technical conference, June 2000.
|
the freenix track: 2000 USENIX annual technical conference, June 2000.
|
|
|
HISTORY
|
HISTORY
|
The implementation first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
|
The implementation first appeared in WIDE Hydrangea IPv6 protocol stack
|
kit.
|
kit.
|
|
|
STANDARDS
|
STANDARDS
|
The getaddrinfo() function is defined in IEEE POSIX 1003.1g draft speci-
|
The getaddrinfo() function is defined in IEEE POSIX 1003.1g draft speci-
|
fication, and documented in ``Basic Socket Interface Extensions for
|
fication, and documented in ``Basic Socket Interface Extensions for
|
IPv6'' (RFC2553).
|
IPv6'' (RFC2553).
|
|
|
BUGS
|
BUGS
|
The current implementation is not thread-safe.
|
The current implementation is not thread-safe.
|
|
|
The text was shamelessly copied from RFC2553.
|
The text was shamelessly copied from RFC2553.
|
|
|
BSD May 25, 1995 BSD
|
BSD May 25, 1995 BSD
|
</PRE
|
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