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><H1
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><A
><A
NAME="ECOS-OVERVIEW">Chapter 2. <SPAN
NAME="ECOS-OVERVIEW">Chapter 2. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> Overview</H1
> Overview</H1
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is an open source, configurable,
> is an open source, configurable,
        portable, and royalty-free embedded real-time operating
        portable, and royalty-free embedded real-time operating
        system. The following text expands on these core aspects that
        system. The following text expands on these core aspects that
        define <SPAN
        define <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
>.</P
>.</P
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is provided as an open source
> is provided as an open source
        runtime system supported by the GNU open source development
        runtime system supported by the GNU open source development
        tools. Developers have full and unfettered access to all
        tools. Developers have full and unfettered access to all
        aspects of the runtime system. No parts of it are proprietary
        aspects of the runtime system. No parts of it are proprietary
        or hidden, and you are at liberty to examine, add to, and
        or hidden, and you are at liberty to examine, add to, and
        modify the code as you deem necessary. These rights are
        modify the code as you deem necessary. These rights are
        granted to you and protected by the GNU Public License (GPL).
        granted to you and protected by the GNU Public License (GPL).
        An exception clause has been added to the eCos license which
        An exception clause has been added to the eCos license which
        limits the circumstances in which the license applies to other
        limits the circumstances in which the license applies to other
        code when used in conjunction with eCos. This exception grants
        code when used in conjunction with eCos. This exception grants
        you the right to freely develop and distribute applications
        you the right to freely develop and distribute applications
        based on <SPAN
        based on <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
>. You are not expected
>. You are not expected
        or required to make your embedded applications or any
        or required to make your embedded applications or any
        additional components that you develop freely available so
        additional components that you develop freely available so
        long as they are not derived from
        long as they are not derived from
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> code. We of course welcome all
> code. We of course welcome all
        contributions back to <SPAN
        contributions back to <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> such as
> such as
        board ports, device drivers and other components, as this
        board ports, device drivers and other components, as this
        helps the growth and development of
        helps the growth and development of
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
>, and is of benefit to the
>, and is of benefit to the
        entire <SPAN
        entire <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> community. See <A
> community. See <A
HREF="ecos-licensing.html"
HREF="ecos-licensing.html"
>Chapter 3</A
>Chapter 3</A
> for more details.</P
> for more details.</P
><P
><P
>One of the key technological innovations in
>One of the key technological innovations in
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is the configuration
> is the configuration
        system. The configuration system allows the application writer
        system. The configuration system allows the application writer
        to impose their requirements on the run-time components, both
        to impose their requirements on the run-time components, both
        in terms of their functionality and implementation, whereas
        in terms of their functionality and implementation, whereas
        traditionally the operating system has constrained the
        traditionally the operating system has constrained the
        application's own implementation. Essentially, this enables
        application's own implementation. Essentially, this enables
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> developers to create their own
> developers to create their own
        application-specific operating system and makes
        application-specific operating system and makes
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> suitable for a wide range of
> suitable for a wide range of
        embedded uses. Configuration also ensures that the resource
        embedded uses. Configuration also ensures that the resource
        footprint of <SPAN
        footprint of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is minimized as
> is minimized as
        all unnecessary functionality and features are removed. The
        all unnecessary functionality and features are removed. The
        configuration system also presents
        configuration system also presents
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> as a component
> as a component
        architecture. This provides a standardized mechanism for
        architecture. This provides a standardized mechanism for
        component suppliers to extend the functionality of
        component suppliers to extend the functionality of
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> and allows applications to be
> and allows applications to be
        built from a wide set of optional configurable run-time
        built from a wide set of optional configurable run-time
        components. Components can be provided from a variety of
        components. Components can be provided from a variety of
        sources including: the standard
        sources including: the standard
        <SPAN
        <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> release; commercial third
> release; commercial third
        party developers or open source contributors.</P
        party developers or open source contributors.</P
><P
><P
>The royalty-free nature of <SPAN
>The royalty-free nature of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> means that you can develop and
> means that you can develop and
deploy your application using the standard <SPAN
deploy your application using the standard <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> release without
> release without
incurring any royalty charges. In addition, there are no up-front
incurring any royalty charges. In addition, there are no up-front
license charges for the <SPAN
license charges for the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> runtime source code and associated
> runtime source code and associated
tools. We provide, without charge, everything necessary for basic
tools. We provide, without charge, everything necessary for basic
embedded applications development.</P
embedded applications development.</P
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is designed to be portable to a
> is designed to be portable to a
wide range of target architectures and target platforms including 16,
wide range of target architectures and target platforms including 16,
32, and 64 bit architectures, MPUs, MCUs and DSPs. The
32, and 64 bit architectures, MPUs, MCUs and DSPs. The
<SPAN
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> kernel, libraries and runtime
> kernel, libraries and runtime
components are layered on the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), and
components are layered on the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), and
thus will run on any target once the HAL and relevant device drivers
thus will run on any target once the HAL and relevant device drivers
have been ported to the target's processor architecture and
have been ported to the target's processor architecture and
board. Currently <SPAN
board. Currently <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> supports a large
> supports a large
range of different target architectures:
range of different target architectures:
 </P
 </P
><P
><P
></P
></P
><UL
><UL
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>ARM, Intel StrongARM and XScale</P
>ARM, Intel StrongARM and XScale</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Fujitsu FR-V</P
>Fujitsu FR-V</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Hitachi SH2/3/4</P
>Hitachi SH2/3/4</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Hitachi H8/300H </P
>Hitachi H8/300H </P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Intel x86</P
>Intel x86</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>MIPS</P
>MIPS</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Matsushita AM3x</P
>Matsushita AM3x</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Motorola PowerPC</P
>Motorola PowerPC</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Motorola 68k/Coldfire</P
>Motorola 68k/Coldfire</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>NEC V850</P
>NEC V850</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>Sun SPARC</P
>Sun SPARC</P
></LI
></LI
></UL
></UL
><P
><P
>including many of the popular variants of these architectures
>including many of the popular variants of these architectures
and evaluation boards.</P
and evaluation boards.</P
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> has been designed to support
> has been designed to support
applications with real-time requirements, providing features such as
applications with real-time requirements, providing features such as
full preemptability, minimal interrupt latencies, and all the
full preemptability, minimal interrupt latencies, and all the
necessary synchronization primitives, scheduling policies, and
necessary synchronization primitives, scheduling policies, and
interrupt handling mechanisms needed for these type of
interrupt handling mechanisms needed for these type of
applications. <SPAN
applications. <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> also provides all the
> also provides all the
functionality required for general embedded application support
functionality required for general embedded application support
including device drivers, memory management, exception handling, C,
including device drivers, memory management, exception handling, C,
math libraries, etc. In addition to runtime support, the
math libraries, etc. In addition to runtime support, the
<SPAN
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> system includes all the tools
> system includes all the tools
necessary to develop embedded applications, including
necessary to develop embedded applications, including
<SPAN
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> software configuration and build
> software configuration and build
tools, and GNU based compilers, assemblers, linkers, debuggers, and
tools, and GNU based compilers, assemblers, linkers, debuggers, and
simulators.</P
simulators.</P
><P
><P
>To get the most out of <SPAN
>To get the most out of <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> you
> you
should visit the <SPAN
should visit the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> open source
> open source
developers site: <A
developers site: <A
HREF="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/"
HREF="http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/"
TARGET="_top"
TARGET="_top"
>http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/</A
>http://sources.redhat.com/ecos/</A
>.</P
>.</P
><P
><P
>The site is dedicated to the <SPAN
>The site is dedicated to the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
>
>
      developer community and contains a rich set of resources
      developer community and contains a rich set of resources
      including news, FAQ, online documentation, installation guide,
      including news, FAQ, online documentation, installation guide,
      discussion and announcement mailing lists, and runtime and
      discussion and announcement mailing lists, and runtime and
      development tools downloads. The site also supports anonymous
      development tools downloads. The site also supports anonymous
      CVS and WEBCVS access to provide direct access to the latest
      CVS and WEBCVS access to provide direct access to the latest
      <SPAN
      <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> source base. </P
> source base. </P
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> is released as open source
> is released as open source
      software because we believe that this is the most effective
      software because we believe that this is the most effective
      software development model, and that it provides the greatest
      software development model, and that it provides the greatest
      benefit to the embedded developer community as a whole. As part
      benefit to the embedded developer community as a whole. As part
      of this endeavor, we seek the input and participation of
      of this endeavor, we seek the input and participation of
      <SPAN
      <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> developers in its continuing
> developers in its continuing
      evolution. Participation can take many forms including:</P
      evolution. Participation can take many forms including:</P
><P
><P
></P
></P
><UL
><UL
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>providing us with feedback on how <SPAN
>providing us with feedback on how <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> might be made more
> might be made more
useful to you - by taking part in the ongoing mailing list discussions
useful to you - by taking part in the ongoing mailing list discussions
and by submitting problem reports covering bugs, documentation issues,
and by submitting problem reports covering bugs, documentation issues,
and missing features</P
and missing features</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>contributing bug fixes and enhancement patches</P
>contributing bug fixes and enhancement patches</P
></LI
></LI
><LI
><LI
><P
><P
>contributing new code including device drivers, board
>contributing new code including device drivers, board
ports, libraries, and other runtime components</P
ports, libraries, and other runtime components</P
></LI
></LI
></UL
></UL
><P
><P
>Our long term aim is to make <SPAN
>Our long term aim is to make <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> a
> a
rich and ubiquitous standard infrastructure for the development of
rich and ubiquitous standard infrastructure for the development of
deeply embedded applications.  This will be achieved with the
deeply embedded applications.  This will be achieved with the
assistance of the <SPAN
assistance of the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> developer community
> developer community
cooperating to improve <SPAN
cooperating to improve <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> for all. We
> for all. We
would like to take this opportunity to extend our thanks to the many
would like to take this opportunity to extend our thanks to the many
<SPAN
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> developers who have already
> developers who have already
contributed feedback, ideas, patches, and code that have augmented and
contributed feedback, ideas, patches, and code that have augmented and
improved this release.</P
improved this release.</P
><P
><P
><SPAN
><SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>The <SPAN
>The <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
>eCos</SPAN
> Maintainers</I
> Maintainers</I
></SPAN
></SPAN
></P
></P
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