.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
|
.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.\" See section COPYING for conditions for redistribution
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.\" $Id: gdb.1,v 1.1.1.1 2001-05-18 11:03:25 markom Exp $
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.\" $Id: gdb.1,v 1.1.1.1 2001-05-18 11:03:25 markom Exp $
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.TH gdb 1 "4nov1991" "GNU Tools" "GNU Tools"
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.TH gdb 1 "4nov1991" "GNU Tools" "GNU Tools"
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.SH NAME
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.SH NAME
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gdb \- The GNU Debugger
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gdb \- The GNU Debugger
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.na
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.na
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.TP
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.TP
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.B gdb
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.B gdb
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.RB "[\|" \-help "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-help "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-nx "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-nx "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-q "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-q "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-batch "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-batch "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-cd=\c
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.RB "[\|" \-cd=\c
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.I dir\c
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.I dir\c
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\|]
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\|]
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.RB "[\|" \-f "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" \-f "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" "\-b\ "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-b\ "\c
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.IR bps "\|]"
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.IR bps "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" "\-tty="\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-tty="\c
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.IR dev "\|]"
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.IR dev "\|]"
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.RB "[\|" "\-s "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-s "\c
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.I symfile\c
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.I symfile\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" "\-e "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-e "\c
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.I prog\c
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.I prog\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" "\-se "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-se "\c
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.I prog\c
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.I prog\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" "\-c "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-c "\c
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.I core\c
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.I core\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" "\-x "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-x "\c
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.I cmds\c
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.I cmds\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" "\-d "\c
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.RB "[\|" "\-d "\c
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.I dir\c
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.I dir\c
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\&\|]
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\&\|]
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.RB "[\|" \c
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.RB "[\|" \c
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.I prog\c
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.I prog\c
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.RB "[\|" \c
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.RB "[\|" \c
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.IR core \||\| procID\c
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.IR core \||\| procID\c
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\&\|]\&\|]
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\&\|]\&\|]
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.ad b
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.ad b
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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The purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is
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The purpose of a debugger such as GDB is to allow you to see what is
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going on ``inside'' another program while it executes\(em\&or what another
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going on ``inside'' another program while it executes\(em\&or what another
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program was doing at the moment it crashed.
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program was doing at the moment it crashed.
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GDB can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
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GDB can do four main kinds of things (plus other things in support of
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these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
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these) to help you catch bugs in the act:
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.TP
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.TP
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\ \ \ \(bu
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\ \ \ \(bu
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Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
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Start your program, specifying anything that might affect its behavior.
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.TP
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.TP
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\ \ \ \(bu
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\ \ \ \(bu
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Make your program stop on specified conditions.
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Make your program stop on specified conditions.
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|
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.TP
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.TP
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\ \ \ \(bu
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\ \ \ \(bu
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Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
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Examine what has happened, when your program has stopped.
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|
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.TP
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.TP
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\ \ \ \(bu
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\ \ \ \(bu
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Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
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Change things in your program, so you can experiment with correcting the
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effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
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effects of one bug and go on to learn about another.
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.PP
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.PP
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|
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You can use GDB to debug programs written in C, C++, and Modula-2.
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You can use GDB to debug programs written in C, C++, and Modula-2.
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Fortran support will be added when a GNU Fortran compiler is ready.
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Fortran support will be added when a GNU Fortran compiler is ready.
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GDB is invoked with the shell command \c
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GDB is invoked with the shell command \c
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.B gdb\c
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.B gdb\c
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\&. Once started, it reads
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\&. Once started, it reads
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commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit with the GDB
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commands from the terminal until you tell it to exit with the GDB
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command \c
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command \c
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.B quit\c
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.B quit\c
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\&. You can get online help from \c
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\&. You can get online help from \c
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.B gdb\c
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.B gdb\c
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\& itself
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\& itself
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by using the command \c
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by using the command \c
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.B help\c
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.B help\c
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\&.
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\&.
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|
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You can run \c
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You can run \c
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.B gdb\c
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.B gdb\c
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\& with no arguments or options; but the most
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\& with no arguments or options; but the most
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usual way to start GDB is with one argument or two, specifying an
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usual way to start GDB is with one argument or two, specifying an
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executable program as the argument:
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executable program as the argument:
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.sp
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.sp
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.br
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.br
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gdb\ program
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gdb\ program
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.br
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.br
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.sp
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.sp
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|
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You can also start with both an executable program and a core file specified:
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You can also start with both an executable program and a core file specified:
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.sp
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.sp
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.br
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.br
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gdb\ program\ core
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gdb\ program\ core
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.br
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.br
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.sp
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.sp
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|
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You can, instead, specify a process ID as a second argument, if you want
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You can, instead, specify a process ID as a second argument, if you want
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to debug a running process:
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to debug a running process:
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.sp
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.sp
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.br
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.br
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gdb\ program\ 1234
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gdb\ program\ 1234
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.br
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.br
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.sp
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.sp
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|
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would attach GDB to process \c
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would attach GDB to process \c
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.B 1234\c
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.B 1234\c
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\& (unless you also have a file
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\& (unless you also have a file
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named `\|\c
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named `\|\c
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.B 1234\c
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.B 1234\c
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\&\|'; GDB does check for a core file first).
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\&\|'; GDB does check for a core file first).
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|
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Here are some of the most frequently needed GDB commands:
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Here are some of the most frequently needed GDB commands:
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.TP
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.TP
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.B break \fR[\|\fIfile\fB:\fR\|]\fIfunction
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.B break \fR[\|\fIfile\fB:\fR\|]\fIfunction
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\&
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\&
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Set a breakpoint at \c
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Set a breakpoint at \c
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.I function\c
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.I function\c
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\& (in \c
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\& (in \c
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.I file\c
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.I file\c
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\&).
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\&).
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.TP
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.TP
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.B run \fR[\|\fIarglist\fR\|]
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.B run \fR[\|\fIarglist\fR\|]
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Start your program (with \c
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Start your program (with \c
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.I arglist\c
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.I arglist\c
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\&, if specified).
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\&, if specified).
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.TP
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.TP
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.B bt
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.B bt
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Backtrace: display the program stack.
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Backtrace: display the program stack.
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.TP
|
.TP
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.BI print " expr"\c
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.BI print " expr"\c
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\&
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\&
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Display the value of an expression.
|
Display the value of an expression.
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.TP
|
.TP
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.B c
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.B c
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Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint).
|
Continue running your program (after stopping, e.g. at a breakpoint).
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.TP
|
.TP
|
.B next
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.B next
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
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.I over\c
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.I over\c
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\& any
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\& any
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function calls in the line.
|
function calls in the line.
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.TP
|
.TP
|
.B step
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.B step
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
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Execute next program line (after stopping); step \c
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.I into\c
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.I into\c
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\& any
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\& any
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function calls in the line.
|
function calls in the line.
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B help \fR[\|\fIname\fR\|]
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.B help \fR[\|\fIname\fR\|]
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Show information about GDB command \c
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Show information about GDB command \c
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.I name\c
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.I name\c
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\&, or general information
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\&, or general information
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about using GDB.
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about using GDB.
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.TP
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.TP
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.B quit
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.B quit
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Exit from GDB.
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Exit from GDB.
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.PP
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.PP
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For full details on GDB, see \c
|
For full details on GDB, see \c
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.I
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.I
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Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
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Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
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\&, by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch. The same text is available online
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\&, by Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch. The same text is available online
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as the \c
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as the \c
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.B gdb\c
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.B gdb\c
|
\& entry in the \c
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\& entry in the \c
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.B info\c
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.B info\c
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\& program.
|
\& program.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.SH OPTIONS
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Any arguments other than options specify an executable
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Any arguments other than options specify an executable
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file and core file (or process ID); that is, the first argument
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file and core file (or process ID); that is, the first argument
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encountered with no
|
encountered with no
|
associated option flag is equivalent to a `\|\c
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associated option flag is equivalent to a `\|\c
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.B \-se\c
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.B \-se\c
|
\&\|' option, and the
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\&\|' option, and the
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second, if any, is equivalent to a `\|\c
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second, if any, is equivalent to a `\|\c
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.B \-c\c
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.B \-c\c
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\&\|' option if it's the name of a file. Many options have
|
\&\|' option if it's the name of a file. Many options have
|
both long and short forms; both are shown here. The long forms are also
|
both long and short forms; both are shown here. The long forms are also
|
recognized if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is
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recognized if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is
|
present to be unambiguous. (If you prefer, you can flag option
|
present to be unambiguous. (If you prefer, you can flag option
|
arguments with `\|\c
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arguments with `\|\c
|
.B +\c
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.B +\c
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\&\|' rather than `\|\c
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\&\|' rather than `\|\c
|
.B \-\c
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.B \-\c
|
\&\|', though we illustrate the
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\&\|', though we illustrate the
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more usual convention.)
|
more usual convention.)
|
|
|
All the options and command line arguments you give are processed
|
All the options and command line arguments you give are processed
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in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the
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in sequential order. The order makes a difference when the
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`\|\c
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`\|\c
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.B \-x\c
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.B \-x\c
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\&\|' option is used.
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\&\|' option is used.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-help
|
.B \-help
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.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-h
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.B \-h
|
List all options, with brief explanations.
|
List all options, with brief explanations.
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|
|
.TP
|
.TP
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.BI "\-symbols=" "file"\c
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.BI "\-symbols=" "file"\c
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.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-s " "file"\c
|
.BI "\-s " "file"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Read symbol table from file \c
|
Read symbol table from file \c
|
.I file\c
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.I file\c
|
\&.
|
\&.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-write
|
.B \-write
|
Enable writing into executable and core files.
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Enable writing into executable and core files.
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|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-exec=" "file"\c
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.BI "\-exec=" "file"\c
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.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-e " "file"\c
|
.BI "\-e " "file"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Use file \c
|
Use file \c
|
.I file\c
|
.I file\c
|
\& as the executable file to execute when
|
\& as the executable file to execute when
|
appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
|
appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core
|
dump.
|
dump.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-se=" "file"\c
|
.BI "\-se=" "file"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Read symbol table from file \c
|
Read symbol table from file \c
|
.I file\c
|
.I file\c
|
\& and use it as the executable
|
\& and use it as the executable
|
file.
|
file.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-core=" "file"\c
|
.BI "\-core=" "file"\c
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-c " "file"\c
|
.BI "\-c " "file"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Use file \c
|
Use file \c
|
.I file\c
|
.I file\c
|
\& as a core dump to examine.
|
\& as a core dump to examine.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-command=" "file"\c
|
.BI "\-command=" "file"\c
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-x " "file"\c
|
.BI "\-x " "file"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Execute GDB commands from file \c
|
Execute GDB commands from file \c
|
.I file\c
|
.I file\c
|
\&.
|
\&.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-directory=" "directory"\c
|
.BI "\-directory=" "directory"\c
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-d " "directory"\c
|
.BI "\-d " "directory"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Add \c
|
Add \c
|
.I directory\c
|
.I directory\c
|
\& to the path to search for source files.
|
\& to the path to search for source files.
|
.PP
|
.PP
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-nx
|
.B \-nx
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-n
|
.B \-n
|
Do not execute commands from any `\|\c
|
Do not execute commands from any `\|\c
|
.B .gdbinit\c
|
.B .gdbinit\c
|
\&\|' initialization files.
|
\&\|' initialization files.
|
Normally, the commands in these files are executed after all the
|
Normally, the commands in these files are executed after all the
|
command options and arguments have been processed.
|
command options and arguments have been processed.
|
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-quiet
|
.B \-quiet
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-q
|
.B \-q
|
``Quiet''. Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
|
``Quiet''. Do not print the introductory and copyright messages. These
|
messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
|
messages are also suppressed in batch mode.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-batch
|
.B \-batch
|
Run in batch mode. Exit with status \c
|
Run in batch mode. Exit with status \c
|
.B 0\c
|
.B 0\c
|
\& after processing all the command
|
\& after processing all the command
|
files specified with `\|\c
|
files specified with `\|\c
|
.B \-x\c
|
.B \-x\c
|
\&\|' (and `\|\c
|
\&\|' (and `\|\c
|
.B .gdbinit\c
|
.B .gdbinit\c
|
\&\|', if not inhibited).
|
\&\|', if not inhibited).
|
Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the GDB
|
Exit with nonzero status if an error occurs in executing the GDB
|
commands in the command files.
|
commands in the command files.
|
|
|
Batch mode may be useful for running GDB as a filter, for example to
|
Batch mode may be useful for running GDB as a filter, for example to
|
download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
|
download and run a program on another computer; in order to make this
|
more useful, the message
|
more useful, the message
|
.sp
|
.sp
|
.br
|
.br
|
Program\ exited\ normally.
|
Program\ exited\ normally.
|
.br
|
.br
|
.sp
|
.sp
|
|
|
(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under GDB control
|
(which is ordinarily issued whenever a program running under GDB control
|
terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
|
terminates) is not issued when running in batch mode.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-cd=" "directory"\c
|
.BI "\-cd=" "directory"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Run GDB using \c
|
Run GDB using \c
|
.I directory\c
|
.I directory\c
|
\& as its working directory,
|
\& as its working directory,
|
instead of the current directory.
|
instead of the current directory.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-fullname
|
.B \-fullname
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.B \-f
|
.B \-f
|
Emacs sets this option when it runs GDB as a subprocess. It tells GDB
|
Emacs sets this option when it runs GDB as a subprocess. It tells GDB
|
to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
|
to output the full file name and line number in a standard,
|
recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
|
recognizable fashion each time a stack frame is displayed (which
|
includes each time the program stops). This recognizable format looks
|
includes each time the program stops). This recognizable format looks
|
like two `\|\c
|
like two `\|\c
|
.B \032\c
|
.B \032\c
|
\&\|' characters, followed by the file name, line number
|
\&\|' characters, followed by the file name, line number
|
and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
|
and character position separated by colons, and a newline. The
|
Emacs-to-GDB interface program uses the two `\|\c
|
Emacs-to-GDB interface program uses the two `\|\c
|
.B \032\c
|
.B \032\c
|
\&\|' characters as
|
\&\|' characters as
|
a signal to display the source code for the frame.
|
a signal to display the source code for the frame.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-b " "bps"\c
|
.BI "\-b " "bps"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
|
Set the line speed (baud rate or bits per second) of any serial
|
interface used by GDB for remote debugging.
|
interface used by GDB for remote debugging.
|
|
|
.TP
|
.TP
|
.BI "\-tty=" "device"\c
|
.BI "\-tty=" "device"\c
|
\&
|
\&
|
Run using \c
|
Run using \c
|
.I device\c
|
.I device\c
|
\& for your program's standard input and output.
|
\& for your program's standard input and output.
|
.PP
|
.PP
|
|
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
.RB "`\|" gdb "\|'"
|
.RB "`\|" gdb "\|'"
|
entry in
|
entry in
|
.B info\c
|
.B info\c
|
\&;
|
\&;
|
.I
|
.I
|
Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
|
Using GDB: A Guide to the GNU Source-Level Debugger\c
|
, Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.
|
, Richard M. Stallman and Roland H. Pesch, July 1991.
|
.SH COPYING
|
.SH COPYING
|
Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
Copyright (c) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
.PP
|
.PP
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of
|
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice
|
are preserved on all copies.
|
are preserved on all copies.
|
.PP
|
.PP
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this
|
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
|
manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided that the
|
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a
|
permission notice identical to this one.
|
permission notice identical to this one.
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.PP
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.PP
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
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manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
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manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
|
versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
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versions, except that this permission notice may be included in
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translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
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translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in
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the original English.
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the original English.
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