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Installation Instructions
Installation Instructions
*************************
*************************
 
 
Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005,
Copyright (C) 1994, 1995, 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 
 
This file is free documentation; the Free Software Foundation gives
   Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
unlimited permission to copy, distribute and modify it.
are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
 
notice and this notice are preserved.  This file is offered as-is,
 
without warranty of any kind.
 
 
Basic Installation
Basic Installation
==================
==================
 
 
Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
Briefly, the shell commands `./configure; make; make install' should
configure, build, and install this package.  The following
configure, build, and install this package.  The following
more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
more-detailed instructions are generic; see the `README' file for
instructions specific to this package.
instructions specific to this package.  Some packages provide this
 
`INSTALL' file but do not implement all of the features documented
 
below.  The lack of an optional feature in a given package is not
 
necessarily a bug.  More recommendations for GNU packages can be found
 
in *note Makefile Conventions: (standards)Makefile Conventions.
 
 
   The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
   The `configure' shell script attempts to guess correct values for
various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses
various system-dependent variables used during compilation.  It uses
those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
those values to create a `Makefile' in each directory of the package.
It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
It may also create one or more `.h' files containing system-dependent
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     some messages telling which features it is checking for.
     some messages telling which features it is checking for.
 
 
  2. Type `make' to compile the package.
  2. Type `make' to compile the package.
 
 
  3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
  3. Optionally, type `make check' to run any self-tests that come with
     the package.
     the package, generally using the just-built uninstalled binaries.
 
 
  4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
  4. Type `make install' to install the programs and any data files and
     documentation.
     documentation.  When installing into a prefix owned by root, it is
 
     recommended that the package be configured and built as a regular
 
     user, and only the `make install' phase executed with root
 
     privileges.
 
 
 
  5. Optionally, type `make installcheck' to repeat any self-tests, but
 
     this time using the binaries in their final installed location.
 
     This target does not install anything.  Running this target as a
 
     regular user, particularly if the prior `make install' required
 
     root privileges, verifies that the installation completed
 
     correctly.
 
 
  5. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
  6. You can remove the program binaries and object files from the
     source code directory by typing `make clean'.  To also remove the
     source code directory by typing `make clean'.  To also remove the
     files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
     files that `configure' created (so you can compile the package for
     a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.  There is
     a different kind of computer), type `make distclean'.  There is
     also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
     also a `make maintainer-clean' target, but that is intended mainly
     for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get
     for the package's developers.  If you use it, you may have to get
     all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
     all sorts of other programs in order to regenerate files that came
     with the distribution.
     with the distribution.
 
 
  6. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed
  7. Often, you can also type `make uninstall' to remove the installed
     files again.
     files again.  In practice, not all packages have tested that
 
     uninstallation works correctly, even though it is required by the
 
     GNU Coding Standards.
 
 
 
  8. Some packages, particularly those that use Automake, provide `make
 
     distcheck', which can by used by developers to test that all other
 
     targets like `make install' and `make uninstall' work correctly.
 
     This target is generally not run by end users.
 
 
Compilers and Options
Compilers and Options
=====================
=====================
 
 
Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that the
   Some systems require unusual options for compilation or linking that
`configure' script does not know about.  Run `./configure --help' for
the `configure' script does not know about.  Run `./configure --help'
details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
for details on some of the pertinent environment variables.
 
 
   You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters
   You can give `configure' initial values for configuration parameters
by setting variables in the command line or in the environment.  Here
by setting variables in the command line or in the environment.  Here
is an example:
is an example:
 
 
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You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
You can compile the package for more than one kind of computer at the
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
same time, by placing the object files for each architecture in their
own directory.  To do this, you can use GNU `make'.  `cd' to the
own directory.  To do this, you can use GNU `make'.  `cd' to the
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
directory where you want the object files and executables to go and run
the `configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the
the `configure' script.  `configure' automatically checks for the
source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.
source code in the directory that `configure' is in and in `..'.  This
 
is known as a "VPATH" build.
 
 
   With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
   With a non-GNU `make', it is safer to compile the package for one
architecture at a time in the source code directory.  After you have
architecture at a time in the source code directory.  After you have
installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
installed the package for one architecture, use `make distclean' before
reconfiguring for another architecture.
reconfiguring for another architecture.
 
 
 
   On MacOS X 10.5 and later systems, you can create libraries and
 
executables that work on multiple system types--known as "fat" or
 
"universal" binaries--by specifying multiple `-arch' options to the
 
compiler but only a single `-arch' option to the preprocessor.  Like
 
this:
 
 
 
     ./configure CC="gcc -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
 
                 CXX="g++ -arch i386 -arch x86_64 -arch ppc -arch ppc64" \
 
                 CPP="gcc -E" CXXCPP="g++ -E"
 
 
 
   This is not guaranteed to produce working output in all cases, you
 
may have to build one architecture at a time and combine the results
 
using the `lipo' tool if you have problems.
 
 
Installation Names
Installation Names
==================
==================
 
 
By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
By default, `make install' installs the package's commands under
`/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc.  You
`/usr/local/bin', include files under `/usr/local/include', etc.  You
can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
can specify an installation prefix other than `/usr/local' by giving
`configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX'.
`configure' the option `--prefix=PREFIX', where PREFIX must be an
 
absolute file name.
 
 
   You can specify separate installation prefixes for
   You can specify separate installation prefixes for
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If you
architecture-specific files and architecture-independent files.  If you
pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
pass the option `--exec-prefix=PREFIX' to `configure', the package uses
PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
PREFIX as the prefix for installing programs and libraries.
Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
Documentation and other data files still use the regular prefix.
 
 
   In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
   In addition, if you use an unusual directory layout you can give
options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
options like `--bindir=DIR' to specify different values for particular
kinds of files.  Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
kinds of files.  Run `configure --help' for a list of the directories
you can set and what kinds of files go in them.
you can set and what kinds of files go in them.  In general, the
 
default for these options is expressed in terms of `${prefix}', so that
 
specifying just `--prefix' will affect all of the other directory
 
specifications that were not explicitly provided.
 
 
 
   The most portable way to affect installation locations is to pass the
 
correct locations to `configure'; however, many packages provide one or
 
both of the following shortcuts of passing variable assignments to the
 
`make install' command line to change installation locations without
 
having to reconfigure or recompile.
 
 
 
   The first method involves providing an override variable for each
 
affected directory.  For example, `make install
 
prefix=/alternate/directory' will choose an alternate location for all
 
directory configuration variables that were expressed in terms of
 
`${prefix}'.  Any directories that were specified during `configure',
 
but not in terms of `${prefix}', must each be overridden at install
 
time for the entire installation to be relocated.  The approach of
 
makefile variable overrides for each directory variable is required by
 
the GNU Coding Standards, and ideally causes no recompilation.
 
However, some platforms have known limitations with the semantics of
 
shared libraries that end up requiring recompilation when using this
 
method, particularly noticeable in packages that use GNU Libtool.
 
 
 
   The second method involves providing the `DESTDIR' variable.  For
 
example, `make install DESTDIR=/alternate/directory' will prepend
 
`/alternate/directory' before all installation names.  The approach of
 
`DESTDIR' overrides is not required by the GNU Coding Standards, and
 
does not work on platforms that have drive letters.  On the other hand,
 
it does better at avoiding recompilation issues, and works well even
 
when some directory options were not specified in terms of `${prefix}'
 
at `configure' time.
 
 
 
Optional Features
 
=================
 
 
   If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
   If the package supports it, you can cause programs to be installed
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
with an extra prefix or suffix on their names by giving `configure' the
option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
option `--program-prefix=PREFIX' or `--program-suffix=SUFFIX'.
 
 
Optional Features
 
=================
 
 
 
Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
Some packages pay attention to `--enable-FEATURE' options to
`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
`configure', where FEATURE indicates an optional part of the package.
They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
They may also pay attention to `--with-PACKAGE' options, where PACKAGE
is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System).  The
is something like `gnu-as' or `x' (for the X Window System).  The
`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
`README' should mention any `--enable-' and `--with-' options that the
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   For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
   For packages that use the X Window System, `configure' can usually
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
find the X include and library files automatically, but if it doesn't,
you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
you can use the `configure' options `--x-includes=DIR' and
`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
`--x-libraries=DIR' to specify their locations.
 
 
 
   Some packages offer the ability to configure how verbose the
 
execution of `make' will be.  For these packages, running `./configure
 
--enable-silent-rules' sets the default to minimal output, which can be
 
overridden with `make V=1'; while running `./configure
 
--disable-silent-rules' sets the default to verbose, which can be
 
overridden with `make V=0'.
 
 
 
Particular systems
 
==================
 
 
 
   On HP-UX, the default C compiler is not ANSI C compatible.  If GNU
 
CC is not installed, it is recommended to use the following options in
 
order to use an ANSI C compiler:
 
 
 
     ./configure CC="cc -Ae -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=500"
 
 
 
and if that doesn't work, install pre-built binaries of GCC for HP-UX.
 
 
 
   On OSF/1 a.k.a. Tru64, some versions of the default C compiler cannot
 
parse its `' header file.  The option `-nodtk' can be used as
 
a workaround.  If GNU CC is not installed, it is therefore recommended
 
to try
 
 
 
     ./configure CC="cc"
 
 
 
and if that doesn't work, try
 
 
 
     ./configure CC="cc -nodtk"
 
 
 
   On Solaris, don't put `/usr/ucb' early in your `PATH'.  This
 
directory contains several dysfunctional programs; working variants of
 
these programs are available in `/usr/bin'.  So, if you need `/usr/ucb'
 
in your `PATH', put it _after_ `/usr/bin'.
 
 
 
   On Haiku, software installed for all users goes in `/boot/common',
 
not `/usr/local'.  It is recommended to use the following options:
 
 
 
     ./configure --prefix=/boot/common
 
 
Specifying the System Type
Specifying the System Type
==========================
==========================
 
 
There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out automatically,
   There may be some features `configure' cannot figure out
but needs to determine by the type of machine the package will run on.
automatically, but needs to determine by the type of machine the package
Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the _same_
will run on.  Usually, assuming the package is built to be run on the
architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints a
_same_ architectures, `configure' can figure that out, but if it prints
message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
a message saying it cannot guess the machine type, give it the
`--build=TYPE' option.  TYPE can either be a short name for the system
`--build=TYPE' option.  TYPE can either be a short name for the system
type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
type, such as `sun4', or a canonical name which has the form:
 
 
     CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
     CPU-COMPANY-SYSTEM
 
 
where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
where SYSTEM can have one of these forms:
 
 
     OS KERNEL-OS
     OS
 
     KERNEL-OS
 
 
   See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.  If
   See the file `config.sub' for the possible values of each field.  If
`config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
`config.sub' isn't included in this package, then this package doesn't
need to know the machine type.
need to know the machine type.
 
 
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eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.
eventually be run) with `--host=TYPE'.
 
 
Sharing Defaults
Sharing Defaults
================
================
 
 
If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share, you
   If you want to set default values for `configure' scripts to share,
can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives default
you can create a site shell script called `config.site' that gives
values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
default values for variables like `CC', `cache_file', and `prefix'.
`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
`configure' looks for `PREFIX/share/config.site' if it exists, then
`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the
`PREFIX/etc/config.site' if it exists.  Or, you can set the
`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
`CONFIG_SITE' environment variable to the location of the site script.
A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.
A warning: not all `configure' scripts look for a site script.
 
 
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     CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash /bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash
     CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash /bin/bash ./configure CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash
 
 
`configure' Invocation
`configure' Invocation
======================
======================
 
 
`configure' recognizes the following options to control how it operates.
   `configure' recognizes the following options to control how it
 
operates.
 
 
`--help'
`--help'
`-h'
`-h'
     Print a summary of the options to `configure', and exit.
     Print a summary of all of the options to `configure', and exit.
 
 
 
`--help=short'
 
`--help=recursive'
 
     Print a summary of the options unique to this package's
 
     `configure', and exit.  The `short' variant lists options used
 
     only in the top level, while the `recursive' variant lists options
 
     also present in any nested packages.
 
 
`--version'
`--version'
`-V'
`-V'
     Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
     Print the version of Autoconf used to generate the `configure'
     script, and exit.
     script, and exit.
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`--srcdir=DIR'
`--srcdir=DIR'
     Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually
     Look for the package's source code in directory DIR.  Usually
     `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
     `configure' can determine that directory automatically.
 
 
 
`--prefix=DIR'
 
     Use DIR as the installation prefix.  *note Installation Names::
 
     for more details, including other options available for fine-tuning
 
     the installation locations.
 
 
 
`--no-create'
 
`-n'
 
     Run the configure checks, but stop before creating any output
 
     files.
 
 
`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.  Run
`configure' also accepts some other, not widely useful, options.  Run
`configure --help' for more details.
`configure --help' for more details.
 
 

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