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# $Id: w11a_os_guide.txt 511 2013-04-27 13:51:46Z mueller $
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# $Id: w11a_os_guide.txt 518 2013-05-12 16:45:02Z mueller $
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Guide to run operating system images on w11a systems
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Guide to run operating system images on w11a systems
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Table of content:
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Table of content:
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1. I/O emulation setup
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1. I/O emulation setup
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2. FPGA Board setup
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2. FPGA Board setup
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3. Unix V5 system
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3. Rlink and Backend Server setup
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4. 2.11BSD system
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4. simh simulator setup
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5. oskits
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a. Unix systems
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b. DEC operating systems
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1. I/O emulation setup ----------------------------------------------------
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1. I/O emulation setup ----------------------------------------------------
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All UNIBUS peripherals which exchange data (currently DL11, LP11, PC11, RK11)
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All UNIBUS peripherals which exchange data (currently DL11, LP11, PC11, RK11)
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are currently emulated via a backend process. The communication between
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are currently emulated via a backend process. The communication between
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FPGA board and backend server can be via
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FPGA board and backend server can be via
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- Direct USB connection using a Cypress FX2 USB controller
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- is supported on the nexys2 and nexys3 FPGA boards
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- much faster than serial port connections (see below)
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- also allows to configure the FPGA over the same USB connection
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- Serial port
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- Serial port
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- via direct (/dev/ttySx) or via a USB-RS232 adapter. A direct connection
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- via direct (/dev/ttySx) or via a USB-RS232 adapter. A direct connection
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is limited to 115k Baud on most PCs, while a connection via a USB-RS232
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is limited to 115k Baud on most PCs, while a connection via a USB-RS232
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adapter was tested up to 460k Baud. A USB-RS232 adapter is thus highly
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adapter was tested up to 460k Baud. A USB-RS232 adapter is thus highly
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recommended
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recommended
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- via integrated USB-RS232 adapter, like on nexys3 board. This is much
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- via integrated USB-RS232 adapter, like on nexys3 board. This is much
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faster, allows bitrates up to 2 M Baud.
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faster, allows bitrates up to 2 M Baud.
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Notes: - A USB-RS232 cable with a Prolific Technology PL2303 chip simply
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Notes: - A USB-RS232 cable with a FTDI FT232R chip, like the cable offered
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by FTDI as US232R-100 works fine.
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- A USB-RS232 cable with a Prolific Technology PL2303 chip simply
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never gave reliable connections for higher Baud rates.
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never gave reliable connections for higher Baud rates.
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- A USB-RS232 cable with a FTDI FT232R chip, like the cable offered
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by FTDI as US232R-100 worked fine.
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- On older linux kernels (prior 2.6.32) it is essential to set the
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latency timer for the FTDI USB-RS232 cable to 1 ms (from the
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power up default of 16 ms), e.g. with
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sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1
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For linux kernel 2.6.32 or newer the default is 1 ms already.
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- The rest assumes that a USB-RS232 cable with FTDI chip is used
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- The rest assumes that a USB-RS232 cable with FTDI chip is used
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- A 460k Baud connection gives in practice a disk throughput of
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- A 460k Baud connection gives in practice a disk throughput of
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about 20 kB/s. This allows to test the system but is a bit slow
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about 20 kB/s. This allows to test the system but is a bit slow
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to real usage. In an OS with good disk caching like 2.11BSD the
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to real usage. In an OS with good disk caching like 2.11BSD the
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impact of such a 'slow disk' is actually smaller than the bare
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impact of such a 'slow disk' is actually smaller than the bare
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numbers suggest.
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numbers suggest.
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- On older linux kernels (prior 2.6.32) it is essential to set the
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- Direct USB connection using a Cypress FX2 USB controller
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latency timer for the FTDI USB-RS232 cable to 1 ms (from the
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- is supported on the nexys2 and nexys3 FPGA boards
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power up default of 16 ms), e.g. with
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- clearly much faster than serial port connections
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sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1
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- also allows to configure the FPGA over the same USB connection
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For linux kernel 2.6.32 or newer the default is 1 ms already.
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2. FPGA Board setup -------------------------------------------------------
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2. FPGA Board setup -------------------------------------------------------
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- Using serial port
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- Using Cypress FX2 USB controller for configuration and rlink communication
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- for nexys2
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- connect USB cable to mini-USB connector (between RS232 and PS/2 port)
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- for nexys3
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- connect USB cable to micro-USB connector labeled 'USB PROG'
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- Using serial port for rlink communication
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- for s3board and nexys2
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- for s3board and nexys2
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- connect the USB-RS232 cable to the RS232 port of the s3board or nexys2
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- connect the USB-RS232 cable to the RS232 port
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- for kernel < 2.6.32: set the latency timer of the USB-RS232, e.g. with
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sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1
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- ensure that all 8 switches are in the indicated positions (SWI=...)
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- load the w11a design into the FPGA, e.g. via impact
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- for nexys3
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- for nexys3
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- connect USB cable to the 'usb uart' port (next to the 5 buttons)
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- connect USB cable to the micro-USB connector 'UART'
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- ensure that all 8 switches are in the indicated positions (SWI=...)
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(next to the 5 buttons)
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- load the w11a design into the FPGA, e.g. via impact
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- connect a JTAG programmer (e.g. Xilinx USB Cable II) to JTAG pins
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- Using Cypress FX2 USB controller
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- Configure the FPGA
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- for nexys2
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- if Cypress FX2 port is connected load design with
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- connect USB cable to mini-USB connector (between RS232 and PS/2 port)
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make .jconfig
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! Must be connected to a USB port able to deliver 500 mA !
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- otherwise use impact with
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make .iconfig
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3. Unix V5 system ---------------------------------------------------------
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3. Rlink and Backend Server setup -----------------------------------------
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- A disk set is available from
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All examples below use the same basic setup
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http://www.retro11.de/data/oc_w11/unix_v5_rkset.tgz
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Download, unpack and copy the disk images (*.dsk) to
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$RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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- Using old (pi_rri) backend server (serial port only)
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- setup vt100 emulator windows
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cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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cd $RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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telnet_starter -d DL0 &
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telnet_starter -d DL0 &
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telnet_starter -d DL1 &
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[for s3,n2:]
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- setup rlink connection using ti_rri backend server via the ti_w11
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SWI = 00000010
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quick start wrapper script. Ensure that all 8 switches on the board
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dorri -u0,460,1,2 @uv5_boot.pcmd
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are in the indicated positions (SWI=...). The concrete boot script
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[for n3:]
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name is given in the following sections
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SWI = 00000010
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dorri -u0,2000,1,2 @uv5_boot.pcmd
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- Using new (ti_rri) backend server (serial and fx2 supported)
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cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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[for n2,n3 over fx2:]
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telnet_starter -d DL0 &
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SWI = 00000100
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ti_w11 -u @_boot.tcl
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[for s3,n2 over serial:]
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[for s3,n2 over serial:]
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SWI = 00000010
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SWI = 00000010
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torri -tu0,460k,break,xon @uv5_boot.tcl
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ti_w11 -tu0,460k,break,xon @_boot.tcl
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[for n3 over serial:]
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[for n3 over serial:]
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SWI = 00000010
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SWI = 00000010
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torri -tu0,2M,break,xon @uv5_boot.tcl
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ti_w11 -tu0,2M,break,xon @_boot.tcl
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[for n2,n3 over fx2:]
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4. simh simulator setup ---------------------------------------------------
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SWI = 00000100
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torri -u @uv5_boot.tcl
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- the boot dialog in the console xterm window will look like
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Sometimes it is good to compare the w11a behaviour with the PDP-11 software
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(required input is in {..}, with {} denoting a carriage return:
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emulator from the simh project (see http://simh.trailing-edge.com/).
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@{unix}
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Under $RETROBASE/tools/simh two setup files are provided with configure
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simh to reflect the w11a setup as close as possible:
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- setup_w11a_min.scmd
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Very close the current w11a state when it runs on an S3BOARD
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- processor: 11/70, no FPP, 1 Mbyte
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- periphery: 2 DL11, LP11, RK11, PC11
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- setup_w11a_max.scmd
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Planned configuration for the w11a, in addition
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- processor: 4 Mbyte memory (as on Nexys2, Nexys3,...)
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- periphery: DZ11, RL11/RL02, RK70/RP06, TM11/TU10
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login: {root}
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Startup scripts are provided with each oskit. They call the w11a_max
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configuration, so will show in the emulator what w11a can do when
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finished.
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Now you are at the shell prompt and can excercise the system, e.g.
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All examples below use the same basic setup
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# {ls -al}
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total 62
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drwxr-xr-x 9 bin 160 Jan 29 16:14 .
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drwxr-xr-x 9 bin 160 Jan 29 16:14 ..
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 944 Nov 26 18:13 bin
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 80 Nov 26 18:13 dev
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 240 Mar 21 12:07 etc
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 224 Nov 26 18:13 lib
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drwxr-xr-x 2 bin 32 Nov 26 18:13 mnt
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drwxrwxrwx 2 bin 32 Nov 26 18:13 tmp
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-rwxrwxrwx 1 bin 25802 Mar 21 12:07 unix
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drwxr-xr-x 14 bin 224 Nov 26 18:13 usr
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There is no 'halt' or 'shutdown' command, just ^D out of the server
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session. The disks aren't cached, so no need to sync either.
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4. 2.11BSD system ---------------------------------------------------------
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- A disk set is available from
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http://www.retro11.de/data/oc_w11/211bsd_rkset.tgz
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Download, unpack and copy the disk images (*.dsk) to
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$RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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- Using old (pi_rri) backend server (serial port only)
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- setup vt100 emulator window for 2nd DL11
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cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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cd $RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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sudo $RETROBASE/tools/bin/set_ftdi_lat USB0 1
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telnet_starter -d -s DL1 &
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telnet_starter -d DL0 &
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telnet_starter -d DL1 &
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[for s3,n2:]
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{Note: the -s ensures that the port numbers used by simh are taken!}
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SWI = 00000010
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dorri -u0,460,1,2 @211bsd_rk_boot.pcmd
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[for n3:]
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SWI = 00000010
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dorri -u0,2000,1,2 @211bsd_rk_boot.pcmd
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- Using new (ti_rri) backend server (serial and fx2 supported)
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- start the simulator
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cd $RETROBASE/rtl/sys_gen/w11a/tb
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pdp11 _boot.scmd
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telnet_starter -d DL0 &
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[for s3,n2 over serial:]
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5. oskits -----------------------------------------------------------------
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SWI = 00000010
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torri -tu0,460k,break,xon @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl
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[for n3 over serial:]
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SWI = 00000010
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torri -tu0,2M,break,xon @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl
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[for n2,n3 over fx2:]
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Ready to be used 'oskits' are provided under
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SWI = 00000100
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$RETROBASE/tools/oskit/
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torri -u @211bsd_rk_boot.tcl
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The tarballs with the disk images are provided from a web server
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and have to be installed separately.
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5a. Unix systems -----------------------------------------------------
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Legal and license issues:
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Ancient UNIX systems for the PDP-11 can now be freely used under the
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'Caldera license'. 2.11BSD was released 1992 under the 4 clause BSD
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license. Taken together
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- Unix V1 to V7
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- all BSD Unix versions for PDP-11
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can be freely distributed and used for non-commercial purposes.
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Two oskits are currently provided:
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- unix-v5_rk: Unix V5 System on RK05
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- 211bsd_rk: 2.11BSD system on RK05
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For further details consult the README_set.txt file in the
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oskit directory.
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5b. DEC operating systems --------------------------------------------
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Legal and license issues:
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Unfortunately there is no general hobbyist license for DEC operating
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systems for PDP-11 computers. The 'Mentec license' commonly understood
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to cover the some older versions of DEC operating systems, for example
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- RT-11 V5.3 or prior
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- RSX-11M V4.3 or prior
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- RSX-11M PLUS V3.0 or prior
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on software simulators, most notably on the 'simh' suite.
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HOWEVER: THIS LICENSE DOES NOT COVER THE USAGE OF THESE HISTORIC DEC
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OPERATING SYSTEMS ON ANY 'REAL HARDWARE' IMPLEMENTATION OF A
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PDP-11. SO USAGE ON THE W11 IS *NOT* COVERED BY THE
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'Mentec-license'.
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Some oskits are provided with systems sysgen'ed to run on a configuration
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like the w11a.
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- Feel free to explore them with the simh simulator.
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The boot scripts for simh are included ( .simh )
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- In case you happen to have a valid license feel free to try them
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out the W11A and let the author know whether is works as it should.
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For convenience the boot scripts are also included ( .tcl ).
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- the boot dialog in the console xterm window will look like
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Three oskits are currently provided
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(required input is in {..}, with {} denoting a carriage return:
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70Boot from rk(0,0,0) at 0177404
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- rsx11m-31_rk: RSX-11M V3.1 on RK05
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: {}
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- rsx11m-40_rk: RSX-11M V4.0 on RK05
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: rk(0,0,0)unix
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- rt11-40_rk: RT-11 V4.0 on RK05
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Boot: bootdev=03000 bootcsr=0177404
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2.11 BSD UNIX #26: Thu Jan 1 19:49:13 PST 2009
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root@curly.2bsd.com:/usr/src/sys/RETRONFPRK
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phys mem = 3932160
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avail mem = 3577856
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user mem = 307200
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January 4 16:45:33 init: configure system
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dz ? csr 160100 vector 310 skipped: No CSR.
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lp 0 csr 177514 vector 200 attached
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rk ? csr 177400 vector 220 didn't interrupt.
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rl ? csr 174400 vector 160 skipped: No CSR.
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tm ? csr 172520 vector 224 skipped: No CSR.
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xp ? csr 176700 vector 254 skipped: No CSR.
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cn 1 csr 176500 vector 300 attached
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erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
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In first '#' prompt the system is in single-user mode. Just enter a ^D
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to continue the system startup to multi-user mode:
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#^D
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checking quotas: done.
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Assuming non-networking system ...
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checking for core dump...
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preserving editor files
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clearing /tmp
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standard daemons: update cron accounting.
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starting lpd
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starting local daemons:Sun Jan 4 16:46:37 PST 2009
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January 4 16:46:37 init: kernel security level changed from 0 to 1
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January 4 16:46:40 getty: /dev/tty01: Device not configured
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...
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2.11 BSD UNIX (curly.2bsd.com) (console)
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login: {root}
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erase, kill ^U, intr ^C
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Now the system is in multi-user mode, daemons runnng. You can explore
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the system, e.g. with a 'pstat -T' or a 'mount' command. At end is
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important to shutdown properly with a 'halt':
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# {pstat -T}
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7/186 files
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39/208 inodes
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11/150 processes
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6/ 46 texts active, 28 used
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2/135 swapmap entries, 366 kB used, 2069 kB free, 2063 kB max
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33/150 coremap entries, 2960 kB free, 2867 kB max
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1/ 10 ub_map entries, 10 free, 10 max
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# {mount}
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/dev/rk0h on /
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/dev/rk2h on /tmp
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/dev/rk3h on /bin
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/dev/rk4h on /usr
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# {halt}
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syncing disks... done
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halting
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Now the server process can be stopped with ^D.
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For further details consult the README_set.txt file in the
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oskit directory.
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