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/* ################################################################################################# */
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/* ################################################################################################# */
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/* # << NEORV32 - RISC-V GCC Linker Script >> # */
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/* # << NEORV32 - RISC-V GCC Linker Script >> # */
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/* # ********************************************************************************************* # */
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/* # ********************************************************************************************* # */
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/* # BSD 3-Clause License # */
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/* # BSD 3-Clause License # */
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/* # # */
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/* # # */
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/* # Copyright (c) 2021, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. # */
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/* # Copyright (c) 2022, Stephan Nolting. All rights reserved. # */
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/* # # */
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/* # # */
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/* # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are # */
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/* # Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are # */
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/* # permitted provided that the following conditions are met: # */
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/* # permitted provided that the following conditions are met: # */
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/* # # */
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/* # # */
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/* # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of # */
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/* # 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of # */
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OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littleriscv", "elf32-littleriscv", "elf32-littleriscv")
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OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32-littleriscv", "elf32-littleriscv", "elf32-littleriscv")
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OUTPUT_ARCH(riscv)
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OUTPUT_ARCH(riscv)
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ENTRY(_start)
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ENTRY(_start)
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SEARCH_DIR("/opt/riscv/riscv32-unknown-elf/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/opt/riscv/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib");
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SEARCH_DIR("/opt/riscv/riscv32-unknown-elf/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/opt/riscv/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/local/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/lib"); SEARCH_DIR("=/usr/lib");
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/* ************************************************************************** */
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/* **************************************************************************
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/* NEORV32 memory section configuration. */
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* NEORV32 memory section configuration.
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/* ************************************************************************** */
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* **************************************************************************
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/* "ram" : data memory (int/ext DMEM) - make sure this is sync with the HW! */
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* "ram" : data memory (int/ext DMEM) - make sure this is sync with the HW!
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/* "rom" : instruction memory (int/ext IMEM or bootloader ROM) */
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* "rom" : instruction memory (int/ext IMEM or bootloader ROM)
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/* "iodev" : peripheral/IO devices */
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* "iodev" : peripheral/IO devices
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/* ************************************************************************** */
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* ************************************************************************** */
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MEMORY
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MEMORY
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{
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{
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/* section base addresses and sizes have to be a multiple of 4 bytes */
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/* section base addresses and sizes have to be a multiple of 4 bytes
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/* ram section: first value of LENGTH => data memory used by bootloader (fixed!); second value of LENGTH => *physical* size of data memory */
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* ram section: first value of LENGTH => data memory used by bootloader (fixed!); second value of LENGTH => *physical* size of data memory
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/* adapt the right-most value to match the *total physical data memory size* of your setup */
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* adapt the right-most value to match the *total physical data memory size* of your setup */
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ram (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x80000000, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 512 : 8*1024
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ram (rwx) : ORIGIN = 0x80000000, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 512 : 8*1024
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/* rom and iodev sections should NOT be modified by the user at all! */
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/* rom and iodev sections should NOT be modified by the user at all!
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/* rom section: first value of ORIGIN/LENGTH => bootloader ROM; second value of ORIGIN/LENGTH => maximum *logical* size of instruction memory */
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* rom section: first value of ORIGIN/LENGTH => bootloader ROM; second value of ORIGIN/LENGTH => maximum *logical* size of instruction memory */
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rom (rx) : ORIGIN = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 0xFFFF0000 : 0x00000000, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 32K : 2048M
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rom (rx) : ORIGIN = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 0xFFFF0000 : 0x00000000, LENGTH = DEFINED(make_bootloader) ? 32K : 2048M
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iodev (rw) : ORIGIN = 0xFFFFFE00, LENGTH = 512
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iodev (rw) : ORIGIN = 0xFFFFFE00, LENGTH = 512
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}
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}
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SECTIONS
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SECTIONS
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{
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{
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/* start section on WORD boundary */
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/* start section on WORD boundary */
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. = ALIGN(4);
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. = ALIGN(4);
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/* default heap size: we can use up to 1/4 of available data memory (RAM) by default
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* WARNING! the heap will collide with the stack if allocating too much memory! */
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__heap_size = DEFINED(__heap_size) ? __heap_size : LENGTH(ram) / 4;
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/* Actual instructions */
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/* First part of the actual executable file: actual instructions */
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.text :
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.text :
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{
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{
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PROVIDE(__text_start = .);
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PROVIDE(__text_start = .);
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PROVIDE(__textstart = .);
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PROVIDE(__textstart = .);
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rela_iplt_start = .);
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KEEP(*(.text.crt0)); /* keep start-up code crt0 right at the beginning of rom */
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*(.rela.iplt)
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__rela_iplt_end = .);
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*(.rela.plt)
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KEEP(*(.text.boot)); /* keep start-up code at the beginning of rom */
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KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.init)))
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*(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
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*(.text.unlikely .text.*_unlikely .text.unlikely.*)
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*(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
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*(.text.exit .text.exit.*)
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*(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
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*(.text.startup .text.startup.*)
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*(.text.hot .text.hot.*)
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*(.text.hot .text.hot.*)
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*(SORT(.text.sorted.*))
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*(SORT(.text.sorted.*))
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*(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
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*(.text .stub .text.* .gnu.linkonce.t.*)
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/* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf.em. */
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/* .gnu.warning sections are handled specially by elf.em. */
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*(.gnu.warning)
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*(.gnu.warning)
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KEEP (*(SORT_NONE(.fini)))
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/* gcc uses crtbegin.o to find the start of
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the constructors, so we make sure it is
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first. Because this is a wildcard, it
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doesn't matter if the user does not
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actually link against crtbegin.o; the
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linker won't look for a file to match a
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wildcard. The wildcard also means that it
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doesn't matter which directory crtbegin.o
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is in. */
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KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.ctors))
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KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.ctors))
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/* We don't want to include the .ctor section from
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the crtend.o file until after the sorted ctors.
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The .ctor section from the crtend file contains the
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end of ctors marker and it must be last */
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KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
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KEEP (*(SORT(.ctors.*)))
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KEEP (*(.ctors))
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KEEP (*crtbegin.o(.dtors))
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KEEP (*crtbegin?.o(.dtors))
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KEEP (*(EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
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KEEP (*(SORT(.dtors.*)))
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KEEP (*(.dtors))
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/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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. = ALIGN(4);
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. = ALIGN(4);
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PROVIDE (__etext = .);
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PROVIDE (__etext = .);
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PROVIDE (_etext = .);
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PROVIDE (_etext = .);
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PROVIDE (etext = .);
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PROVIDE (etext = .);
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} > rom
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} > rom
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/* read-only data, appended to .text */
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/* Second part of the actual executable: read-only data, placed right next to .text */
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.rodata :
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.rodata :
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{
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{
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_start = .);
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/* these are a list of 32-bit pointers that point to functions
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KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
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* that are called before/after executing "main". */
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KEEP (*(.init_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__init_array_end = .);
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/* constructors are not supported by default. */
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_start = .);
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KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.fini_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.dtors.*)))
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/* __init_array_start = .;
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KEEP (*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
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* KEEP (*(.preinit_array))
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PROVIDE_HIDDEN (__fini_array_end = .);
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* KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.init_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.ctors.*)))
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* KEEP (*(.rodata EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .ctors))
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* __init_array_end = .;
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*/
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/* main should never return, hence there is no default support for deconstructors!
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* however, if main return, the "after_main_handler" will be called by crt0, which can be used to implement
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* _minimal_ deconstructor support or to call __libc_fini_array is really really required. */
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/*
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* __fini_array_start = .;
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* KEEP (*(SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.fini_array.*) SORT_BY_INIT_PRIORITY(.dtors.*)))
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* KEEP (*(.fini_array EXCLUDE_FILE (*crtbegin.o *crtbegin?.o *crtend.o *crtend?.o ) .dtors))
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* __fini_array_end = .;
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*/
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/* constant data like strings */
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*(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*)
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*(.rodata .rodata.* .gnu.linkonce.r.*)
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*(.rodata1)
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*(.rodata1)
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/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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. = ALIGN(4);
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. = ALIGN(4);
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} > rom
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} > rom
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/* initialized read/write data, accessed in RAM, placed in ROM, copied during boot */
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/* initialized read/write data, accessed in RAM, placed in ROM, copied during boot
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* not part of the final executable */
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.data :
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.data :
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{
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{
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__DATA_BEGIN__ = .;
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__DATA_BEGIN__ = .;
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__SDATA_BEGIN__ = .;
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__SDATA_BEGIN__ = .;
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*(.sdata2 .sdata2.* .gnu.linkonce.s2.*)
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*(.sdata2 .sdata2.* .gnu.linkonce.s2.*)
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| Line 185... |
Line 174... |
/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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/* finish section on WORD boundary */
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. = ALIGN(4);
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. = ALIGN(4);
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_edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .);
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_edata = .; PROVIDE (edata = .);
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. = .;
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. = .;
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__DATA_END__ = .;
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__global_pointer$ = __DATA_END__ + 0x800;
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} > ram AT > rom
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} > ram AT > rom
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/* zero/non-initialized read/write data placed in RAM */
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/* zero/non-initialized read/write data placed in RAM - not part of the final executable */
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.bss (NOLOAD):
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.bss (NOLOAD):
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{
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{
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__bss_start = .;
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. = ALIGN(4);
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__BSS_START__ = .;
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*(.dynsbss)
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*(.dynsbss)
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*(.sbss .sbss.* .gnu.linkonce.sb.*)
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*(.sbss .sbss.* .gnu.linkonce.sb.*)
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*(.sbss2 .sbss2.* .gnu.linkonce.sb2.*)
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*(.sbss2 .sbss2.* .gnu.linkonce.sb2.*)
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*(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon)
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*(.tbss .tbss.* .gnu.linkonce.tb.*) *(.tcommon)
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*(.scommon)
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*(.scommon)
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| Line 213... |
Line 205... |
.bss section disappears because there are no input sections.
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.bss section disappears because there are no input sections.
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FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we do not
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FIXME: Why do we need it? When there is no .bss section, we do not
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pad the .data section. */
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pad the .data section. */
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. = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1);
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. = ALIGN(. != 0 ? 32 / 8 : 1);
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|
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. = ALIGN(32 / 8);
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. = ALIGN(4);
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__BSS_END__ = .;
|
__BSS_END__ = .;
|
__global_pointer$ = MIN(__SDATA_BEGIN__ + 0x800, MAX(__DATA_BEGIN__ + 0x800, __BSS_END__ - 0x800));
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_end = .; PROVIDE (end = .);
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_end = .; PROVIDE (end = .);
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} > ram
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} > ram
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|
|
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|
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/* heap for dynamic memory allocation (use carefully!) - not part of the final executable */
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.heap :
|
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{
|
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PROVIDE(__heap_start = .);
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. = __heap_size;
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PROVIDE(__heap_end = .);
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} > ram
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|
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|
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/* Yet unused */
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/* Yet unused */
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.jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) }
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.jcr : { KEEP (*(.jcr)) }
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.got : { *(.got.plt) *(.igot.plt) *(.got) *(.igot) } .interp : { *(.interp) }
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.got : { *(.got.plt) *(.igot.plt) *(.got) *(.igot) } .interp : { *(.interp) }
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.note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) }
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.note.gnu.build-id : { *(.note.gnu.build-id) }
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.hash : { *(.hash) }
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.hash : { *(.hash) }
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| Line 293... |
Line 293... |
.debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) }
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.debug_addr 0 : { *(.debug_addr) }
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.gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) }
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.gnu.attributes 0 : { KEEP (*(.gnu.attributes)) }
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/DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) }
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/DISCARD/ : { *(.note.GNU-stack) *(.gnu_debuglink) *(.gnu.lto_*) }
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|
|
|
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/* Provide symbols for neorv32 crt0 start-up code */
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/* Export symbols for neorv32 crt0 start-up code */
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PROVIDE(__ctr0_imem_begin = ORIGIN(rom));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_imem_begin = ORIGIN(rom));
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PROVIDE(__ctr0_dmem_begin = ORIGIN(ram));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_dmem_begin = ORIGIN(ram));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_stack_begin = (ORIGIN(ram) + LENGTH(ram)) - 4);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_stack_begin = (ORIGIN(ram) + LENGTH(ram)) - 4);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_start = __bss_start);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_start = __BSS_START__);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_end = __BSS_END__);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_bss_end = __BSS_END__);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_src_begin = __etext + SIZEOF(.rodata));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_src_begin = __etext + SIZEOF(.rodata));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_begin = __DATA_BEGIN__);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_begin = __DATA_BEGIN__);
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_end = __DATA_BEGIN__ + SIZEOF(.data));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_copy_data_dst_end = __DATA_BEGIN__ + SIZEOF(.data));
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PROVIDE(__ctr0_io_space_begin = ORIGIN(iodev));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_io_space_begin = ORIGIN(iodev));
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PROVIDE(__ctr0_io_space_end = ORIGIN(iodev) + LENGTH(iodev));
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PROVIDE(__crt0_io_space_end = ORIGIN(iodev) + LENGTH(iodev));
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}
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}
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