## The ZAP ARM Processor (ARMv5T Compatible, FPGA Synthesizable Soft Processor)
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## The ZAP ARM Processor (ARMv5T Compatible, FPGA Synthesizable Soft Processor)
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### Author : Revanth Kamaraj (revanth91kamaraj@gmail.com)
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### Author : Revanth Kamaraj (revanth91kamaraj@gmail.com)
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### Introduction
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### Introduction
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The ZAP processor is a 10 stage pipelined processor for FPGA with support for cache and MMU (ARMv5T compliant).
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The ZAP processor is a 10 stage pipelined processor for FPGA with support for cache and MMU (ARMv5T compliant).
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Please note that the processor is *not* an ARM clone but a completely different RTL design, written from scratch (in FPGA compliant Verilog-2001), that is compliant to the ARM v5T instruction set, hence, no particular ARMX number is specified.
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Please note that the processor is *not* an ARM clone but a completely different RTL design, written from scratch (in FPGA compliant Verilog-2001), that can run ARM v5T binaries, hence, no particular ARMX number is specified.
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This project was created for the ORCONF-2016 Student Design Contest.
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This project was created for the ORCONF-2016 Student Design Contest.
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Please use the trunk/ directory as the project root $PROJ_ROOT.
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![Wishbone logo](https://wishbone-interconnect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/wishbone_stamp.svg)
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![Wishbone logo](https://wishbone-interconnect.readthedocs.io/en/latest/_images/wishbone_stamp.svg)
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#### Repos
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#### Repos
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GIT: https://github.com/krevanth/ZAP
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GIT: https://github.com/krevanth/ZAP
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SVN: https://opencores.org/projects/zap
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SVN: https://opencores.org/projects/zap
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#### Features
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#### Features
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##### ZAP Processor (zap_top.v)
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##### ZAP Processor (zap_top.v)
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The ZAP core is a pipelined ATMv5T processor for FPGA.
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The ZAP core is a pipelined ATMv5T processor for FPGA.
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| Property | Description |
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| Property | Description |
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|-----------------------|-------------------------|
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|-----------------------|-------------------------|
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|HDL | Verilog-2001 |
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|HDL | Verilog-2001 |
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|Author | Revanth Kamaraj |
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|Author | Revanth Kamaraj |
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|ARM v5T ISA Support | Fully compatible |
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|ARM v5T ISA Support | Fully compatible |
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|Branch Predictor | Direct mapped bimodal |
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|Branch Predictor | Direct mapped bimodal |
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|Write Buffer | Yes |
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|Write Buffer | Yes |
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|Abort Model | Base Restored |
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|Abort Model | Base Restored |
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|Integrated v5T CP15 | Yes |
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|Integrated v5T CP15 | Yes |
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|External Coproc. Bus | No |
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|External Coproc. Bus | No |
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|Cache Interface | 128-Bit custom interface|
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|Cache Interface | 128-Bit custom interface|
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|26-Bit Support | No |
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|26-Bit Support | No |
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|L1 Code Cache | Direct mapped virtual |
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|L1 Code Cache | Direct mapped virtual |
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|L1 Data Cache | Direct mapped virtual |
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|L1 Data Cache | Direct mapped virtual |
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|Cache Write Policy | Writeback |
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|Cache Write Policy | Writeback |
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|L1 Code TLB | Direct mapped |
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|L1 Code TLB | Direct mapped |
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|L1 Data TLB | Direct mapped |
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|L1 Data TLB | Direct mapped |
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|Bus Interface | 32-bit Wishbone B3 Linear incrementing burst |
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|Bus Interface | 32-bit Wishbone B3 Linear incrementing burst |
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|Cache/TLB Lock Support | No |
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|Cache/TLB Lock Support | No |
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|CP15 Compliance | v5T (No fine pages) |
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|CP15 Compliance | v5T (No fine pages) |
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|FCSE Support | Yes |
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|FCSE Support | Yes |
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* 10-stage pipeline design. Pipeline has bypass network to resolve dependencies. Most operations execute at a rate of 1 operation per clock.
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* 10-stage pipeline design. Pipeline has bypass network to resolve dependencies. Most operations execute at a rate of 1 operation per clock.
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* 2 write ports for the register file to allow LDR/STR with writeback to execute as a single instruction.
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* 2 write ports for the register file to allow LDR/STR with writeback to execute as a single instruction.
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#### CPU Configuration (zap_top.v)
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#### CPU Configuration (zap_top.v)
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| Parameter | Default| Description |
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| Parameter | Default| Description |
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|--------------------------|--------|-------------|
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|--------------------------|--------|-------------|
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| BP_ENTRIES | 1024 | Branch Predictor Settings. Predictor RAM depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| BP_ENTRIES | 1024 | Branch Predictor Settings. Predictor RAM depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| FIFO_DEPTH | 4 | Branch Predictor Settings. Command FIFO depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| FIFO_DEPTH | 4 | Branch Predictor Settings. Command FIFO depth. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| STORE_BUFFER_DEPTH | 16 | Branch Predictor Settings. Depth of the store buffer. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| STORE_BUFFER_DEPTH | 16 | Branch Predictor Settings. Depth of the store buffer. Must be 2^n and > 2 |
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| DATA_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES | 4 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES | 4 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 8 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 8 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 16 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 16 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| DATA_CACHE_SIZE | 1024 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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| DATA_CACHE_SIZE | 1024 | Data Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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| CODE_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES | 4 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_SECTION_TLB_ENTRIES | 4 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Section TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 8 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_LPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 8 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Large page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 16 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_SPAGE_TLB_ENTRIES | 16 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Small page TLB entries. Must be 2^n (n > 0) |
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| CODE_CACHE_SIZE | 1024 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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| CODE_CACHE_SIZE | 1024 | Instruction Cache/MMU Configuration. Cache size in bytes. Must be at least 256B and 2^n |
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#### CPU IO Interface (zap_top.v)
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#### CPU IO Interface (zap_top.v)
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Wishbone B3 compatible 32-bit bus.
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Wishbone B3 compatible 32-bit bus.
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| Dir | Size | Port | Description |
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| Dir | Size | Port | Description |
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|---------------|----------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
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|---------------|----------|--------------------|----------------------------------|
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| input | | i_clk | Clock |
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| input | | i_clk | Clock |
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| input | | i_reset | Reset |
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| input | | i_reset | Reset |
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| input | | i_irq | Interrupt. Level Sensitive. |
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| input | | i_irq | Interrupt. Level Sensitive. |
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| input | | i_fiq | Fast Interrupt. Level Sensitive.|
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| input | | i_fiq | Fast Interrupt. Level Sensitive.|
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| output | | o_wb_cyc | Wishbone B3 Signal |
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| output | | o_wb_cyc | Wishbone B3 Signal |
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| output | | o_wb_stb | WIshbone B3 signal |
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| output | | o_wb_stb | WIshbone B3 signal |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_adr | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_adr | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | | o_wb_we | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | | o_wb_we | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_dat | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_dat | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [3:0] | o_wb_sel | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [3:0] | o_wb_sel | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | [2:0] | o_wb_cti | Wishbone B3 signal. Cycle Type Indicator (Supported modes: Incrementing Burst, End of Burst)|
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| output | [2:0] | o_wb_cti | Wishbone B3 signal. Cycle Type Indicator (Supported modes: Incrementing Burst, End of Burst)|
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| output | [1:0] | o_wb_bte | Wishbone B3 signal. Burst Type Indicator (Supported modes: Linear) |
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| output | [1:0] | o_wb_bte | Wishbone B3 signal. Burst Type Indicator (Supported modes: Linear) |
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| input | | i_wb_ack | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| input | | i_wb_ack | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| input | [31:0] | i_wb_dat | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| input | [31:0] | i_wb_dat | Wishbone B3 signal. |
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| output | | o_wb_stb_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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| output | | o_wb_stb_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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| output | | o_wb_cyc_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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| output | | o_wb_cyc_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_adr_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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| output | [31:0] | o_wb_adr_nxt | IGNORE THIS PORT. LEAVE OPEN. |
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### Getting Started
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### Getting Started
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*Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/18.04 LTS*
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*Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS/18.04 LTS*
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#### Run Sample Tests
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#### Run Sample Tests
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Let the variable $test_name hold the name of the test. See the src/ts directory for some basic tests pre-installed. Available test names are: factorial, arm_test, thumb_test, uart. New tests can be added using these as starting templates. Please note that these will be run on the SOC platform (chip_top) that consist of the ZAP processor, 2 x UARTs, a VIC and a timer.
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Let the variable $test_name hold the name of the test. See the src/ts directory for some basic tests pre-installed. Available test names are: factorial, arm_test, thumb_test, uart. New tests can be added using these as starting templates. Please note that these will be run on the SOC platform (chip_top) that consist of the ZAP processor, 2 x UARTs, a VIC and a timer.
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```bash
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```bash
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sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi binutils-arm-none-eabi gdb openocd iverilog gtkwave make perl xterm
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sudo apt-get install sudo apt-get install gcc-arm-none-eabi binutils-arm-none-eabi gdb openocd iverilog gtkwave make perl xterm
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/src/ts/$test_name # $PROJ_ROOT is the project directory.
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/src/ts/$test_name # $PROJ_ROOT is the project directory.
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make # Runs the test using IVerilog.
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make # Runs the test using IVerilog.
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/obj/ts/$test_name # Switch to object folder.
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cd $PROJ_ROOT/obj/ts/$test_name # Switch to object folder.
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gvim zap.log.gz # View the log file
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gvim zap.log.gz # View the log file
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gtkwave zap.vcd.gz # Exists if selected by Config.cfg. See PDF document for more information.
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gtkwave zap.vcd.gz # Exists if selected by Config.cfg. See PDF document for more information.
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```
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```
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To use this processor in your SOC, instantiate this top level CPU module in your project: /src/rtl/cpu/zap_top.v
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To use this processor in your SOC, instantiate this top level CPU module in your project: /src/rtl/cpu/zap_top.v
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### Implementation Specific Details
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### Implementation Specific Details
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#### FPGA Timing Performance (Vivado, Retime Enabled)
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#### FPGA Timing Performance (Vivado, Retime Enabled)
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| FPGA Part | Speed | Critical Path |
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| FPGA Part | Speed | Critical Path |
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|--------------------|-------|----------------|
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|--------------------|-------|----------------|
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| xc7a35tiftg256-1L | 80MHz | Cache access |
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| xc7a35tiftg256-1L | 80MHz | Cache access |
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#### Coprocessor #15 Control Registers
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#### Coprocessor #15 Control Registers
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##### Register 0 : ID Register
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##### Register 0 : ID Register
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|-----|---------|------------------------------------------|
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|-----|---------|------------------------------------------|
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|31:0 | Various | Processor ID info. |
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|31:0 | Various | Processor ID info. |
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##### Register 1 : Control
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##### Register 1 : Control
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|0 | M | MMU Enable. Active high |
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|0 | M | MMU Enable. Active high |
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|1 | A | Always 0. Alignment check off |
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|1 | A | Always 0. Alignment check off |
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|2 | D | Data Cache Enable. Active high |
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|2 | D | Data Cache Enable. Active high |
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|3 | W | Always 1. Write Buffer always on. |
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|3 | W | Always 1. Write Buffer always on. |
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|4 | P | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|4 | P | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|5 | D | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|5 | D | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|6 | L | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|6 | L | Always 1. RESERVED |
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|7 | B | Always 0. Little Endian |
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|7 | B | Always 0. Little Endian |
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|8 | S | The S bit |
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|8 | S | The S bit |
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|9 | R | The R bit |
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|9 | R | The R bit |
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|11 | Z | Always 1. Branch prediction enabled |
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|11 | Z | Always 1. Branch prediction enabled |
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|12 | I | Instruction Cache Enable. Active high |
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|12 | I | Instruction Cache Enable. Active high |
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|13 | V | Normal Exception Vectors. Always 0 |
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|13 | V | Normal Exception Vectors. Always 0 |
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|14 | RR | Always 1. Direct mapped cache. |
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|14 | RR | Always 1. Direct mapped cache. |
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|15 | L4 | Always 0. Normal behavior. |
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|15 | L4 | Always 0. Normal behavior. |
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##### Register 2 : Translation Base Address
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##### Register 2 : Translation Base Address
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|13:0 | M | Preserve value. |
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|13:0 | M | Preserve value. |
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|31:14| TTB | Upper 18-bits of translation address |
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|31:14| TTB | Upper 18-bits of translation address |
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##### Register 3 : Domain Access Control (X=0 to X=15)
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##### Register 3 : Domain Access Control (X=0 to X=15)
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|---------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|---------|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|2X+1:2X | DX | DX access permission. |
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|2X+1:2X | DX | DX access permission. |
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##### Register 5 : Fault Status Register
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##### Register 5 : Fault Status Register
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|3:0 | Status | Status. |
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|3:0 | Status | Status. |
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|1:0 | Domain | Domain. |
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|1:0 | Domain | Domain. |
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|11:8 | SBZ | Always 0. RESERVED |
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|11:8 | SBZ | Always 0. RESERVED |
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##### Register 6 : Fault Address Register
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##### Register 6 : Fault Address Register
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|Bits | Name | Description |
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|-----|-----------|------------------------------------------|
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|31:0 | Addr | Fault Address. |
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|31:0 | Addr | Fault Address. |
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##### Register 7 : Cache Functions
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##### Register 7 : Cache Functions
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| Opcode2 | CRm | Description |
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| Opcode2 | CRm | Description |
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|-------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|
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|-------------|-----------------|-------------------------------------|
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| 000 | 0111 | Flush all caches. |
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| 000 | 0111 | Flush all caches. |
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| 000 | 0101 | Flush I cache. |
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| 000 | 0101 | Flush I cache. |
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| 000 | 0110 | Flush D cache. |
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| 000 | 0110 | Flush D cache. |
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| 000 | 1011 | Clean all caches. |
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| 000 | 1011 | Clean all caches. |
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| 000 | 1010 | Clean D cache. |
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| 000 | 1010 | Clean D cache. |
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| 000 | 1111 | Clean and flush all caches. |
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| 000 | 1111 | Clean and flush all caches. |
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| 000 | 1110 | Clean and flush D cache. |
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| 000 | 1110 | Clean and flush D cache. |
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| Other | Other | Clean and flush ALL caches |
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| Other | Other | Clean and flush ALL caches |
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##### Register 8 : TLB Functions
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##### Register 8 : TLB Functions
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|Opcode2 | CRm | Description |
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|Opcode2 | CRm | Description |
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|--------|---------------|-------------------------|
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|--------|---------------|-------------------------|
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| 000 | 0111 | Flush all TLBs |
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| 000 | 0111 | Flush all TLBs |
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| 000 | 0101 | Flush I TLB |
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| 000 | 0101 | Flush I TLB |
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| 000 | 0110 | Flush D TLB |
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| 000 | 0110 | Flush D TLB |
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| Other| Other | Flush all TLBs |
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| Other| Other | Flush all TLBs |
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##### Register 13 : FCSE Extentions
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##### Register 13 : FCSE Extentions
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| Field | Description |
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| Field | Description |
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|-------|-------------|
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|-------|-------------|
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| 31:25 | PID |
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| 31:25 | PID |
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##### Lockdown Support
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##### Lockdown Support
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* CPU memory system does not support lockdown.
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* CPU memory system does not support lockdown.
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##### Tiny Pages
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##### Tiny Pages
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* No support for tiny pages (1KB).
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* No support for tiny pages (1KB).
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### License
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### License
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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Version 2, June 1991
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Version 2, June 1991
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Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
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Preamble
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Preamble
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
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freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
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License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
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software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
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General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
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using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
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the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
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your programs, too.
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patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
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patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
|
|
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
modification follow.
|
modification follow.
|
|
|
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
|
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
|
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
|
|
|
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
|
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
|
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
|
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
|
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
|
under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below,
|
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
|
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
|
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
|
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
|
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
|
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
|
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
|
either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
|
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
|
language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
|
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
|
the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".
|
|
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
|
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
|
covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of
|
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
|
running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
|
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
|
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
|
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
|
Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
|
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
|
Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
|
|
|
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
|
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
|
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
|
source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
|
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
|
conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
|
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
|
copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
|
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
|
notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
|
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
|
and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
|
along with the Program.
|
along with the Program.
|
|
|
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
|
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
|
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
|
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
|
|
|
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
|
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
|
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
|
of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
|
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
|
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
|
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
|
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
|
|
|
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
|
a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
|
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
|
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
|
|
|
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
|
b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
|
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
|
whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
|
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
|
part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
|
parties under the terms of this License.
|
parties under the terms of this License.
|
|
|
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
|
c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
|
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
|
when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
|
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
|
interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
|
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
|
announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
|
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
|
notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
|
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
|
a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
|
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
|
these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
|
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
|
License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
|
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
|
does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
|
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
|
the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
|
|
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
|
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
|
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
|
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
|
and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
|
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
|
themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
|
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
|
sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you
|
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
|
distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
|
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
|
on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
|
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
|
this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
|
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
|
entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
|
|
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
|
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
|
your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
|
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
|
exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
|
collective works based on the Program.
|
collective works based on the Program.
|
|
|
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
|
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
|
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
|
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
|
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
|
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
|
the scope of this License.
|
the scope of this License.
|
|
|
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
|
3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
|
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
|
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
|
|
|
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
|
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
|
source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
|
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
|
1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
|
|
|
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
|
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
|
years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
|
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
|
cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
|
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
|
machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
|
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
|
distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
|
customarily used for software interchange; or,
|
customarily used for software interchange; or,
|
|
|
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
|
c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
|
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
|
to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is
|
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
|
received the program in object code or executable form with such
|
received the program in object code or executable form with such
|
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
|
an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
|
|
|
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
|
The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
|
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
|
making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source
|
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
|
code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
|
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
|
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
|
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
|
control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a
|
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
|
special exception, the source code distributed need not include
|
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
|
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
|
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
|
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
|
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
|
operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
|
itself accompanies the executable.
|
itself accompanies the executable.
|
|
|
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
|
If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
|
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
|
access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
|
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
|
access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
|
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
|
distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
|
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
|
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
|
|
|
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
|
4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
|
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
|
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
|
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
|
However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
|
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
|
parties remain in full compliance.
|
parties remain in full compliance.
|
|
|
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
|
5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
|
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
|
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
|
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
|
distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are
|
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
|
prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by
|
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
|
modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
|
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
|
Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
|
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
|
all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
|
the Program or works based on it.
|
the Program or works based on it.
|
|
|
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
|
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
|
Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
|
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
|
original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
|
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
|
these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further
|
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
|
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
|
You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
|
this License.
|
this License.
|
|
|
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
|
7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
|
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
|
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
|
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
|
conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
|
otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
|
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
|
excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot
|
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
|
distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
|
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
|
License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
|
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
|
may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent
|
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
|
license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
|
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
|
all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
|
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
|
the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
|
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
|
refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
|
|
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
|
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
|
any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
|
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
|
apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
|
circumstances.
|
circumstances.
|
|
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
|
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
|
such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
|
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
|
integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
|
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
|
to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
|
impose that choice.
|
impose that choice.
|
|
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
|
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
|
be a consequence of the rest of this License.
|
|
|
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
|
8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
|
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
|
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
|
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
|
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
|
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
|
those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
|
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
|
countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates
|
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
|
the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
|
|
|
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
|
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will
|
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
|
address new problems or concerns.
|
address new problems or concerns.
|
|
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program
|
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
|
specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
|
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
|
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
|
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of
|
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
|
Foundation.
|
Foundation.
|
|
|
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
|
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
|
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free
|
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
|
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals
|
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
|
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|
|
NO WARRANTY
|
NO WARRANTY
|
|
|
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
|
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
|
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
|
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
|
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
|
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
|
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE
|
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
|
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
|
|
|
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
|
12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
|
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
|
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
|
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
|
INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
|
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
|
OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
|
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
|
TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
|
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
|
YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
|
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
|
PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
|
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|
|
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
|
|
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
|
|
|
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
|
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
|
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
|
|
|
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
|
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
|
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
|
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
|
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
|
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
|
|
|
|
|
Copyright (C)
|
Copyright (C)
|
|
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
|
(at your option) any later version.
|
(at your option) any later version.
|
|
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
|
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
GNU General Public License for more details.
|
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
|
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
|
with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
|
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
|
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
|
|
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
|
|
|
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
|
when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
when it starts in an interactive mode:
|
|
|
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
|
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
|
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
|
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
|
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
|
|
|
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
|
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
|
parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
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parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may
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be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
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be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
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mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
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mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
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school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
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school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
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necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
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Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
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`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
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`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
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, 1 April 1989
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, 1 April 1989
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Ty Coon, President of Vice
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Ty Coon, President of Vice
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This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
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proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
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proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
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consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
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consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
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library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
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library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
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Public License instead of this License.
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Public License instead of this License.
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