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[/] [System09/] [trunk/] [rtl/] [System09_Xess_XSA-3S1000/] [sdramcntl.vhd] - Rev 115
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library IEEE, UNISIM; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; package sdram is -- SDRAM controller component sdramCntl generic( FREQ : natural := 100_000; -- operating frequency in KHz IN_PHASE : boolean := true; -- SDRAM and controller work on same or opposite clock edge PIPE_EN : boolean := false; -- if true, enable pipelined read operations MAX_NOP : natural := 10000; -- number of NOPs before entering self-refresh MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS : boolean := false; -- if true, allow an active row in each bank DATA_WIDTH : natural := 16; -- host & SDRAM data width NROWS : natural := 8192; -- number of rows in SDRAM array NCOLS : natural := 512; -- number of columns in SDRAM array HADDR_WIDTH : natural := 24; -- host-side address width SADDR_WIDTH : natural := 13 -- SDRAM-side address width ); port( -- host side clk : in std_logic; -- master clock lock : in std_logic; -- true if clock is stable rst : in std_logic; -- reset rd : in std_logic; -- initiate read operation wr : in std_logic; -- initiate write operation uds : in std_logic; -- upper byte data strobe lds : in std_logic; -- lower byte data strobe earlyOpBegun : out std_logic; -- read/write/self-refresh op has begun (async) opBegun : out std_logic; -- read/write/self-refresh op has begun (clocked) rdPending : out std_logic; -- true if read operation(s) are still in the pipeline done : out std_logic; -- read or write operation is done rdDone : out std_logic; -- read operation is done and data is available hAddr : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- address from host to SDRAM hDIn : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from host to SDRAM hDOut : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM to host status : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- diagnostic status of the FSM -- SDRAM side cke : out std_logic; -- clock-enable to SDRAM ce_n : out std_logic; -- chip-select to SDRAM ras_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM row address strobe cas_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM column address strobe we_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM write enable ba : out std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); -- SDRAM bank address sAddr : out std_logic_vector(SADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- SDRAM row/column address sDIn : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data to SDRAM sDOut : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM sDOutEn : out std_logic; -- true if data is output to SDRAM on sDOut dqmh : out std_logic; -- enable upper-byte of SDRAM databus if true dqml : out std_logic -- enable lower-byte of SDRAM databus if true ); end component; -- dual-port interface to the SDRAM controller component dualport generic( PIPE_EN : boolean := false; -- enable pipelined read operations PORT_TIME_SLOTS : std_logic_vector(15 downto 0) := "1111000011110000"; DATA_WIDTH : natural := 16; -- host & SDRAM data width HADDR_WIDTH : natural := 23 -- host-side address width ); port( clk : in std_logic; -- master clock -- host-side port 0 rst0 : in std_logic; -- reset rd0 : in std_logic; -- initiate read operation wr0 : in std_logic; -- initiate write operation uds0 : in std_logic; -- upper data strobe lds0 : in std_logic; -- lower data strobe earlyOpBegun0 : out std_logic; -- read/write op has begun (async) opBegun0 : out std_logic; -- read/write op has begun (clocked) rdPending0 : out std_logic; -- true if read operation(s) are still in the pipeline done0 : out std_logic; -- read or write operation is done rdDone0 : out std_logic; -- read operation is done and data is available hAddr0 : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- address from host to SDRAM hDIn0 : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from host to SDRAM hDOut0 : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM to host status0 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- diagnostic status of the SDRAM controller FSM -- host-side port 1 rst1 : in std_logic; rd1 : in std_logic; wr1 : in std_logic; uds1 : in std_logic; lds1 : in std_logic; earlyOpBegun1 : out std_logic; opBegun1 : out std_logic; rdPending1 : out std_logic; done1 : out std_logic; rdDone1 : out std_logic; hAddr1 : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDIn1 : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDOut1 : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); status1 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- SDRAM controller port rst : out std_logic; rd : out std_logic; wr : out std_logic; earlyOpBegun : in std_logic; opBegun : in std_logic; rdPending : in std_logic; done : in std_logic; rdDone : in std_logic; hAddr : out std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDIn : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDOut : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); status : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) ); end component; end package sdram; -------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Company : XESS Corp. -- Engineer : Dave Vanden Bout -- Creation Date : 05/17/2005 -- Copyright : 2005, XESS Corp -- Tool Versions : WebPACK 6.3.03i -- -- Description: -- SDRAM controller -- -- Revision: -- 1.5.0 -- -- Additional Comments: -- 1.5.0: -- John Kent 2008-03-28 -- added upper and lower data strobes. -- 1.4.0: -- Added generic parameter to enable/disable independent active rows in each bank. -- 1.3.0: -- Modified to allow independently active rows in each bank. -- 1.2.0: -- Modified to allow pipelining of read/write operations. -- 1.1.0: -- Initial release. -- -- License: -- This code can be freely distributed and modified as long as -- this header is not removed. -------------------------------------------------------------------- library IEEE, UNISIM; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all; use IEEE.numeric_std.all; use WORK.common.all; entity sdramCntl is generic( FREQ : natural := 100_000; -- operating frequency in KHz IN_PHASE : boolean := true; -- SDRAM and controller work on same or opposite clock edge PIPE_EN : boolean := false; -- if true, enable pipelined read operations MAX_NOP : natural := 10000; -- number of NOPs before entering self-refresh MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS : boolean := false; -- if true, allow an active row in each bank DATA_WIDTH : natural := 16; -- host & SDRAM data width NROWS : natural := 8192; -- number of rows in SDRAM array NCOLS : natural := 512; -- number of columns in SDRAM array HADDR_WIDTH : natural := 24; -- host-side address width SADDR_WIDTH : natural := 13 -- SDRAM-side address width ); port( -- host side clk : in std_logic; -- master clock lock : in std_logic; -- true if clock is stable rst : in std_logic; -- reset rd : in std_logic; -- initiate read operation wr : in std_logic; -- initiate write operation uds : in std_logic; -- upper data strobe lds : in std_logic; -- lower data strobe earlyOpBegun : out std_logic; -- read/write/self-refresh op has begun (async) opBegun : out std_logic; -- read/write/self-refresh op has begun (clocked) rdPending : out std_logic; -- true if read operation(s) are still in the pipeline done : out std_logic; -- read or write operation is done rdDone : out std_logic; -- read operation is done and data is available hAddr : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- address from host to SDRAM hDIn : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from host to SDRAM hDOut : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM to host status : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- diagnostic status of the FSM -- SDRAM side cke : out std_logic; -- clock-enable to SDRAM ce_n : out std_logic; -- chip-select to SDRAM ras_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM row address strobe cas_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM column address strobe we_n : out std_logic; -- SDRAM write enable ba : out std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); -- SDRAM bank address sAddr : out std_logic_vector(SADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- SDRAM row/column address sDIn : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM sDOut : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data to SDRAM sDOutEn : out std_logic; -- true if data is output to SDRAM on sDOut dqmh : out std_logic; -- enable upper-byte of SDRAM databus if true dqml : out std_logic -- enable lower-byte of SDRAM databus if true ); end sdramCntl; architecture arch of sdramCntl is constant OUTPUT : std_logic := '1'; -- direction of dataflow w.r.t. this controller constant INPUT : std_logic := '0'; constant NOP : std_logic := '0'; -- no operation constant READ : std_logic := '1'; -- read operation constant WRITE : std_logic := '1'; -- write operation -- SDRAM timing parameters constant Tinit : natural := 200; -- min initialization interval (us) constant Tras : natural := 45; -- min interval between active to precharge commands (ns) constant Trcd : natural := 20; -- min interval between active and R/W commands (ns) constant Tref : natural := 64_000_000; -- maximum refresh interval (ns) constant Trfc : natural := 66; -- duration of refresh operation (ns) constant Trp : natural := 20; -- min precharge command duration (ns) constant Twr : natural := 15; -- write recovery time (ns) constant Txsr : natural := 75; -- exit self-refresh time (ns) -- SDRAM timing parameters converted into clock cycles (based on FREQ) constant NORM : natural := 1_000_000; -- normalize ns * KHz constant INIT_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Tinit*FREQ)/1000); -- SDRAM power-on initialization interval constant RAS_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Tras*FREQ)/NORM); -- active-to-precharge interval constant RCD_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Trcd*FREQ)/NORM); -- active-to-R/W interval constant REF_CYCLES : natural := 1+(((Tref/NROWS)*FREQ)/NORM); -- interval between row refreshes constant RFC_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Trfc*FREQ)/NORM); -- refresh operation interval constant RP_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Trp*FREQ)/NORM); -- precharge operation interval constant WR_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Twr*FREQ)/NORM); -- write recovery time constant XSR_CYCLES : natural := 1+((Txsr*FREQ)/NORM); -- exit self-refresh time constant MODE_CYCLES : natural := 2; -- mode register setup time constant CAS_CYCLES : natural := 3; -- CAS latency constant RFSH_OPS : natural := 8; -- number of refresh operations needed to init SDRAM -- timer registers that count down times for various SDRAM operations signal timer_r, timer_x : natural range 0 to INIT_CYCLES; -- current SDRAM op time signal rasTimer_r, rasTimer_x : natural range 0 to RAS_CYCLES; -- active-to-precharge time signal wrTimer_r, wrTimer_x : natural range 0 to WR_CYCLES; -- write-to-precharge time signal refTimer_r, refTimer_x : natural range 0 to REF_CYCLES; -- time between row refreshes signal rfshCntr_r, rfshCntr_x : natural range 0 to NROWS; -- counts refreshes that are neede signal nopCntr_r, nopCntr_x : natural range 0 to MAX_NOP; -- counts consecutive NOP operations signal doSelfRfsh : std_logic; -- active when the NOP counter hits zero and self-refresh can start -- states of the SDRAM controller state machine type cntlState is ( INITWAIT, -- initialization - waiting for power-on initialization to complete INITPCHG, -- initialization - initial precharge of SDRAM banks INITSETMODE, -- initialization - set SDRAM mode INITRFSH, -- initialization - do initial refreshes RW, -- read/write/refresh the SDRAM ACTIVATE, -- open a row of the SDRAM for reading/writing REFRESHROW, -- refresh a row of the SDRAM SELFREFRESH -- keep SDRAM in self-refresh mode with CKE low ); signal state_r, state_x : cntlState; -- state register and next state -- commands that are sent to the SDRAM to make it perform certain operations -- commands use these SDRAM input pins (ce_n,ras_n,cas_n,we_n,dqmh,dqml) -- subtype sdramCmd is unsigned(5 downto 0); -- constant NOP_CMD : sdramCmd := "011100"; -- constant ACTIVE_CMD : sdramCmd := "001100"; -- constant READ_CMD : sdramCmd := "010100"; -- constant WRITE_CMD : sdramCmd := "010000"; -- constant PCHG_CMD : sdramCmd := "001011"; -- constant MODE_CMD : sdramCmd := "000011"; -- constant RFSH_CMD : sdramCmd := "000111"; -- commands that are sent to the SDRAM to make it perform certain operations -- commands use these SDRAM input pins (ce_n,ras_n,cas_n,we_n) subtype sdramCmd is unsigned(3 downto 0); constant NOP_CMD : sdramCmd := "0111"; constant ACTIVE_CMD : sdramCmd := "0011"; constant READ_CMD : sdramCmd := "0101"; constant WRITE_CMD : sdramCmd := "0100"; constant PCHG_CMD : sdramCmd := "0010"; constant MODE_CMD : sdramCmd := "0000"; constant RFSH_CMD : sdramCmd := "0001"; -- SDRAM mode register -- the SDRAM is placed in a non-burst mode (burst length = 1) with a 3-cycle CAS subtype sdramMode is std_logic_vector(12 downto 0); constant MODE : sdramMode := "000" & "0" & "00" & "011" & "0" & "000"; -- the host address is decomposed into these sets of SDRAM address components constant ROW_LEN : natural := log2(NROWS); -- number of row address bits constant COL_LEN : natural := log2(NCOLS); -- number of column address bits signal bank : std_logic_vector(ba'range); -- bank address bits signal row : std_logic_vector(ROW_LEN - 1 downto 0); -- row address within bank signal col : std_logic_vector(sAddr'range); -- column address within row -- registers that store the currently active row in each bank of the SDRAM constant NUM_ACTIVE_ROWS : integer := int_select(MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS = false, 1, 2**ba'length); type activeRowType is array(0 to NUM_ACTIVE_ROWS-1) of std_logic_vector(row'range); signal activeRow_r, activeRow_x : activeRowType; signal activeFlag_r, activeFlag_x : std_logic_vector(0 to NUM_ACTIVE_ROWS-1); -- indicates that some row in a bank is active signal bankIndex : natural range 0 to NUM_ACTIVE_ROWS-1; -- bank address bits signal activeBank_r, activeBank_x : std_logic_vector(ba'range); -- indicates the bank with the active row signal doActivate : std_logic; -- indicates when a new row in a bank needs to be activated -- there is a command bit embedded within the SDRAM column address constant CMDBIT_POS : natural := 10; -- position of command bit constant AUTO_PCHG_ON : std_logic := '1'; -- CMDBIT value to auto-precharge the bank constant AUTO_PCHG_OFF : std_logic := '0'; -- CMDBIT value to disable auto-precharge constant ONE_BANK : std_logic := '0'; -- CMDBIT value to select one bank constant ALL_BANKS : std_logic := '1'; -- CMDBIT value to select all banks -- status signals that indicate when certain operations are in progress signal wrInProgress : std_logic; -- write operation in progress signal rdInProgress : std_logic; -- read operation in progress signal activateInProgress : std_logic; -- row activation is in progress -- these registers track the progress of read and write operations signal rdPipeline_r, rdPipeline_x : std_logic_vector(CAS_CYCLES+1 downto 0); -- pipeline of read ops in progress signal wrPipeline_r, wrPipeline_x : std_logic_vector(0 downto 0); -- pipeline of write ops (only need 1 cycle) -- registered outputs to host signal opBegun_r, opBegun_x : std_logic; -- true when SDRAM read or write operation is started signal hDOut_r, hDOut_x : std_logic_vector(hDOut'range); -- holds data read from SDRAM and sent to the host signal hDOutOppPhase_r, hDOutOppPhase_x : std_logic_vector(hDOut'range); -- holds data read from SDRAM on opposite clock edge -- registered outputs to SDRAM signal cke_r, cke_x : std_logic; -- clock enable signal cmd_r, cmd_x : sdramCmd; -- SDRAM command bits signal ba_r, ba_x : std_logic_vector(ba'range); -- SDRAM bank address bits signal sAddr_r, sAddr_x : std_logic_vector(sAddr'range); -- SDRAM row/column address signal sData_r, sData_x : std_logic_vector(sDOut'range); -- SDRAM out databus signal dqmh_r, dqmh_x : std_logic; -- SDRAM upper data mask signal dqml_r, dqml_x : std_logic; -- SDRAM lower data mask signal sDataDir_r, sDataDir_x : std_logic; -- SDRAM databus direction control bit begin assign_single_port : process( cmd_r, dqmh_r, dqml_r, cke_r, ba_r, sAddr_r, sData_r, sDataDir_r, hDOut_r, opBegun_r ) begin ----------------------------------------------------------- -- attach some internal signals to the I/O ports ----------------------------------------------------------- -- attach registered SDRAM control signals to SDRAM input pins (ce_n, ras_n, cas_n, we_n) <= cmd_r; -- SDRAM operation control bits dqmh <= dqmh_r; dqml <= dqml_r; cke <= cke_r; -- SDRAM clock enable ba <= ba_r; -- SDRAM bank address sAddr <= sAddr_r; -- SDRAM address sDOut <= sData_r; -- SDRAM output data bus if sDataDir_r = OUTPUT then sDOutEn <= YES; else sDOutEn <= NO; -- output databus enable end if; -- attach some port signals hDOut <= hDOut_r; -- data back to host opBegun <= opBegun_r; -- true if requested operation has begun end process; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- compute the next state and outputs ----------------------------------------------------------- combinatorial : process(rd, wr, hAddr, hDIn, hDOut_r, sDIn, state_r, opBegun_x, activeFlag_r, activeRow_r, rdPipeline_r, wrPipeline_r, hDOutOppPhase_r, nopCntr_r, lock, rfshCntr_r, timer_r, rasTimer_r, wrTimer_r, refTimer_r, cmd_r, uds, lds, cke_r, activeBank_r, ba_r ) begin ----------------------------------------------------------- -- setup default values for signals ----------------------------------------------------------- opBegun_x <= NO; -- no operations have begun earlyOpBegun <= opBegun_x; cke_x <= YES; -- enable SDRAM clock cmd_x <= NOP_CMD; -- set SDRAM command to no-operation dqmh_x <= '0'; dqml_x <= '0'; sDataDir_x <= INPUT; -- accept data from the SDRAM sData_x <= hDIn(sData_x'range); -- output data from host to SDRAM state_x <= state_r; -- reload these registers and flags activeFlag_x <= activeFlag_r; -- with their existing values activeRow_x <= activeRow_r; activeBank_x <= activeBank_r; rfshCntr_x <= rfshCntr_r; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- setup default value for the SDRAM address ----------------------------------------------------------- -- extract bank field from host address ba_x <= hAddr(ba'length + ROW_LEN + COL_LEN - 1 downto ROW_LEN + COL_LEN); if MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS = true then bank <= (others => '0'); bankIndex <= CONV_INTEGER(ba_x); else bank <= ba_x; bankIndex <= 0; end if; -- extract row, column fields from host address row <= hAddr(ROW_LEN + COL_LEN - 1 downto COL_LEN); -- extend column (if needed) until it is as large as the (SDRAM address bus - 1) col <= (others => '0'); -- set it to all zeroes col(COL_LEN-1 downto 0) <= hAddr(COL_LEN-1 downto 0); -- by default, set SDRAM address to the column address with interspersed -- command bit set to disable auto-precharge sAddr_x <= col(col'high downto CMDBIT_POS+1) & AUTO_PCHG_OFF & col(CMDBIT_POS-1 downto 0); ----------------------------------------------------------- -- manage the read and write operation pipelines ----------------------------------------------------------- -- determine if read operations are in progress by the presence of -- READ flags in the read pipeline if rdPipeline_r(rdPipeline_r'high downto 1) /= 0 then rdInProgress <= YES; else rdInProgress <= NO; end if; rdPending <= rdInProgress; -- tell the host if read operations are in progress -- enter NOPs into the read and write pipeline shift registers by default rdPipeline_x <= NOP & rdPipeline_r(rdPipeline_r'high downto 1); wrPipeline_x(0) <= NOP; -- transfer data from SDRAM to the host data register if a read flag has exited the pipeline -- (the transfer occurs 1 cycle before we tell the host the read operation is done) if rdPipeline_r(1) = READ then hDOutOppPhase_x <= sDIn(hDOut'range); -- gets value on the SDRAM databus on the opposite phase if IN_PHASE then -- get the SDRAM data for the host directly from the SDRAM if the controller and SDRAM are in-phase hDOut_x <= sDIn(hDOut'range); else -- otherwise get the SDRAM data that was gathered on the previous opposite clock edge hDOut_x <= hDOutOppPhase_r(hDOut'range); end if; else -- retain contents of host data registers if no data from the SDRAM has arrived yet hDOutOppPhase_x <= hDOutOppPhase_r; hDOut_x <= hDOut_r; end if; done <= rdPipeline_r(0) or wrPipeline_r(0); -- a read or write operation is done rdDone <= rdPipeline_r(0); -- SDRAM data available when a READ flag exits the pipeline ----------------------------------------------------------- -- manage row activation ----------------------------------------------------------- -- request a row activation operation if the row of the current address -- does not match the currently active row in the bank, or if no row -- in the bank is currently active if (bank /= activeBank_r) or (row /= activeRow_r(bankIndex)) or (activeFlag_r(bankIndex) = NO) then doActivate <= YES; else doActivate <= NO; end if; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- manage self-refresh ----------------------------------------------------------- -- enter self-refresh if neither a read or write is requested for MAX_NOP consecutive cycles. if (rd = YES) or (wr = YES) then -- any read or write resets NOP counter and exits self-refresh state nopCntr_x <= 0; doSelfRfsh <= NO; elsif nopCntr_r /= MAX_NOP then -- increment NOP counter whenever there is no read or write operation nopCntr_x <= nopCntr_r + 1; doSelfRfsh <= NO; else -- start self-refresh when counter hits maximum NOP count and leave counter unchanged nopCntr_x <= nopCntr_r; doSelfRfsh <= YES; end if; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- update the timers ----------------------------------------------------------- -- row activation timer if rasTimer_r /= 0 then -- decrement a non-zero timer and set the flag -- to indicate the row activation is still inprogress rasTimer_x <= rasTimer_r - 1; activateInProgress <= YES; else -- on timeout, keep the timer at zero and reset the flag -- to indicate the row activation operation is done rasTimer_x <= rasTimer_r; activateInProgress <= NO; end if; -- write operation timer if wrTimer_r /= 0 then -- decrement a non-zero timer and set the flag -- to indicate the write operation is still inprogress wrTimer_x <= wrTimer_r - 1; wrInPRogress <= YES; else -- on timeout, keep the timer at zero and reset the flag that -- indicates a write operation is in progress wrTimer_x <= wrTimer_r; wrInPRogress <= NO; end if; -- refresh timer if refTimer_r /= 0 then refTimer_x <= refTimer_r - 1; else -- on timeout, reload the timer with the interval between row refreshes -- and increment the counter for the number of row refreshes that are needed refTimer_x <= REF_CYCLES; rfshCntr_x <= rfshCntr_r + 1; end if; -- main timer for sequencing SDRAM operations if timer_r /= 0 then -- decrement the timer and do nothing else since the previous operation has not completed yet. timer_x <= timer_r - 1; status <= "0000"; else -- the previous operation has completed once the timer hits zero timer_x <= timer_r; -- by default, leave the timer at zero ----------------------------------------------------------- -- compute the next state and outputs ----------------------------------------------------------- case state_r is ----------------------------------------------------------- -- let clock stabilize and then wait for the SDRAM to initialize ----------------------------------------------------------- when INITWAIT => if lock = YES then -- wait for SDRAM power-on initialization once the clock is stable timer_x <= INIT_CYCLES; -- set timer for initialization duration state_x <= INITPCHG; else -- disable SDRAM clock and return to this state if the clock is not stable -- this insures the clock is stable before enabling the SDRAM -- it also insures a clean startup if the SDRAM is currently in self-refresh mode cke_x <= NO; end if; status <= "0001"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- precharge all SDRAM banks after power-on initialization ----------------------------------------------------------- when INITPCHG => cmd_x <= PCHG_CMD; dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x(CMDBIT_POS) <= ALL_BANKS; -- precharge all banks timer_x <= RP_CYCLES; -- set timer for precharge operation duration rfshCntr_x <= RFSH_OPS; -- set counter for refresh ops needed after precharge state_x <= INITRFSH; status <= "0010"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- refresh the SDRAM a number of times after initial precharge ----------------------------------------------------------- when INITRFSH => cmd_x <= RFSH_CMD; dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; timer_x <= RFC_CYCLES; -- set timer to refresh operation duration rfshCntr_x <= rfshCntr_r - 1; -- decrement refresh operation counter if rfshCntr_r = 1 then state_x <= INITSETMODE; -- set the SDRAM mode once all refresh ops are done end if; status <= "0011"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- set the mode register of the SDRAM ----------------------------------------------------------- when INITSETMODE => cmd_x <= MODE_CMD; dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x <= MODE; -- output mode register bits on the SDRAM address bits timer_x <= MODE_CYCLES; -- set timer for mode setting operation duration state_x <= RW; status <= "0100"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- process read/write/refresh operations after initialization is done ----------------------------------------------------------- when RW => ----------------------------------------------------------- -- highest priority operation: row refresh -- do a refresh operation if the refresh counter is non-zero ----------------------------------------------------------- if rfshCntr_r /= 0 then -- wait for any row activations, writes or reads to finish before doing a precharge if (activateInProgress = NO) and (wrInProgress = NO) and (rdInProgress = NO) then cmd_x <= PCHG_CMD; -- initiate precharge of the SDRAM dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x(CMDBIT_POS) <= ALL_BANKS; -- precharge all banks timer_x <= RP_CYCLES; -- set timer for this operation activeFlag_x <= (others => NO); -- all rows are inactive after a precharge operation state_x <= REFRESHROW; -- refresh the SDRAM after the precharge end if; status <= "0101"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- do a host-initiated read operation ----------------------------------------------------------- elsif rd = YES then -- Wait one clock cycle if the bank address has just changed and each bank has its own active row. -- This gives extra time for the row activation circuitry. if (ba_x = ba_r) or (MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS=false) then -- activate a new row if the current read is outside the active row or bank if doActivate = YES then -- activate new row only if all previous activations, writes, reads are done if (activateInProgress = NO) and (wrInProgress = NO) and (rdInProgress = NO) then cmd_x <= PCHG_CMD; -- initiate precharge of the SDRAM dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x(CMDBIT_POS) <= ONE_BANK; -- precharge this bank timer_x <= RP_CYCLES; -- set timer for this operation activeFlag_x(bankIndex) <= NO; -- rows in this bank are inactive after a precharge operation state_x <= ACTIVATE; -- activate the new row after the precharge is done end if; -- read from the currently active row if no previous read operation -- is in progress or if pipeline reads are enabled -- we can always initiate a read even if a write is already in progress elsif (rdInProgress = NO) or PIPE_EN then cmd_x <= READ_CMD; -- initiate a read of the SDRAM -- insert a flag into the pipeline shift register that will exit the end -- of the shift register when the data from the SDRAM is available dqmh_x <= not uds; dqml_x <= not lds; rdPipeline_x <= READ & rdPipeline_r(rdPipeline_r'high downto 1); opBegun_x <= YES; -- tell the host the requested operation has begun end if; end if; status <= "0110"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- do a host-initiated write operation ----------------------------------------------------------- elsif wr = YES then -- Wait one clock cycle if the bank address has just changed and each bank has its own active row. -- This gives extra time for the row activation circuitry. if (ba_x = ba_r) or (MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_ROWS=false) then -- activate a new row if the current write is outside the active row or bank if doActivate = YES then -- activate new row only if all previous activations, writes, reads are done if (activateInProgress = NO) and (wrInProgress = NO) and (rdInProgress = NO) then cmd_x <= PCHG_CMD; -- initiate precharge of the SDRAM dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x(CMDBIT_POS) <= ONE_BANK; -- precharge this bank timer_x <= RP_CYCLES; -- set timer for this operation activeFlag_x(bankIndex) <= NO; -- rows in this bank are inactive after a precharge operation state_x <= ACTIVATE; -- activate the new row after the precharge is done end if; -- write to the currently active row if no previous read operations are in progress elsif rdInProgress = NO then cmd_x <= WRITE_CMD; -- initiate the write operation dqmh_x <= not uds; dqml_x <= not lds; sDataDir_x <= OUTPUT; -- turn on drivers to send data to SDRAM -- set timer so precharge doesn't occur too soon after write operation wrTimer_x <= WR_CYCLES; -- insert a flag into the 1-bit pipeline shift register that will exit on the -- next cycle. The write into SDRAM is not actually done by that time, but -- this doesn't matter to the host wrPipeline_x(0) <= WRITE; opBegun_x <= YES; -- tell the host the requested operation has begun end if; end if; status <= "0111"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- do a host-initiated self-refresh operation ----------------------------------------------------------- elsif doSelfRfsh = YES then -- wait until all previous activations, writes, reads are done if (activateInProgress = NO) and (wrInProgress = NO) and (rdInProgress = NO) then cmd_x <= PCHG_CMD; -- initiate precharge of the SDRAM dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; sAddr_x(CMDBIT_POS) <= ALL_BANKS; -- precharge all banks timer_x <= RP_CYCLES; -- set timer for this operation activeFlag_x <= (others => NO); -- all rows are inactive after a precharge operation state_x <= SELFREFRESH; -- self-refresh the SDRAM after the precharge end if; status <= "1000"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- no operation ----------------------------------------------------------- else state_x <= RW; -- continue to look for SDRAM operations to execute status <= "1001"; end if; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- activate a row of the SDRAM ----------------------------------------------------------- when ACTIVATE => cmd_x <= ACTIVE_CMD; dqmh_x <= '0'; dqml_x <= '0'; sAddr_x <= (others => '0'); -- output the address for the row to be activated sAddr_x(row'range) <= row; activeBank_x <= bank; activeRow_x(bankIndex) <= row; -- store the new active SDRAM row address activeFlag_x(bankIndex) <= YES; -- the SDRAM is now active rasTimer_x <= RAS_CYCLES; -- minimum time before another precharge can occur timer_x <= RCD_CYCLES; -- minimum time before a read/write operation can occur state_x <= RW; -- return to do read/write operation that initiated this activation status <= "1010"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- refresh a row of the SDRAM ----------------------------------------------------------- when REFRESHROW => cmd_x <= RFSH_CMD; dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; timer_x <= RFC_CYCLES; -- refresh operation interval rfshCntr_x <= rfshCntr_r - 1; -- decrement the number of needed row refreshes state_x <= RW; -- process more SDRAM operations after refresh is done status <= "1011"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- place the SDRAM into self-refresh and keep it there until further notice ----------------------------------------------------------- when SELFREFRESH => if (doSelfRfsh = YES) or (lock = NO) then -- keep the SDRAM in self-refresh mode as long as requested and until there is a stable clock cmd_x <= RFSH_CMD; -- output the refresh command; this is only needed on the first clock cycle dqmh_x <= '1'; dqml_x <= '1'; cke_x <= NO; -- disable the SDRAM clock else -- else exit self-refresh mode and start processing read and write operations cke_x <= YES; -- restart the SDRAM clock rfshCntr_x <= 0; -- no refreshes are needed immediately after leaving self-refresh activeFlag_x <= (others => NO); -- self-refresh deactivates all rows timer_x <= XSR_CYCLES; -- wait this long until read and write operations can resume state_x <= RW; end if; status <= "1100"; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- unknown state ----------------------------------------------------------- when others => state_x <= INITWAIT; -- reset state if in erroneous state status <= "1101"; end case; end if; end process combinatorial; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- update registers on the appropriate clock edge ----------------------------------------------------------- update : process(rst, clk) begin if rst = YES then -- asynchronous reset state_r <= INITWAIT; activeFlag_r <= (others => NO); rfshCntr_r <= 0; timer_r <= 0; refTimer_r <= REF_CYCLES; rasTimer_r <= 0; wrTimer_r <= 0; nopCntr_r <= 0; opBegun_r <= NO; rdPipeline_r <= (others => '0'); wrPipeline_r <= (others => '0'); cke_r <= NO; cmd_r <= NOP_CMD; dqmh_r <= '1'; dqml_r <= '1'; ba_r <= (others => '0'); sAddr_r <= (others => '0'); sData_r <= (others => '0'); sDataDir_r <= INPUT; hDOut_r <= (others => '0'); elsif rising_edge(clk) then state_r <= state_x; activeBank_r <= activeBank_x; activeRow_r <= activeRow_x; activeFlag_r <= activeFlag_x; rfshCntr_r <= rfshCntr_x; timer_r <= timer_x; refTimer_r <= refTimer_x; rasTimer_r <= rasTimer_x; wrTimer_r <= wrTimer_x; nopCntr_r <= nopCntr_x; opBegun_r <= opBegun_x; rdPipeline_r <= rdPipeline_x; wrPipeline_r <= wrPipeline_x; cke_r <= cke_x; cmd_r <= cmd_x; dqmh_r <= dqmh_x; dqml_r <= dqml_x; ba_r <= ba_x; sAddr_r <= sAddr_x; sData_r <= sData_x; sDataDir_r <= sDataDir_x; hDOut_r <= hDOut_x; end if; -- the register that gets data from the SDRAM and holds it for the host -- is clocked on the opposite edge. We don't use this register if IN_PHASE=TRUE. if rst = YES then hDOutOppPhase_r <= (others => '0'); elsif falling_edge(clk) then hDOutOppPhase_r <= hDOutOppPhase_x; end if; end process update; end arch; -------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Company : XESS Corp. -- Engineer : Dave Vanden Bout -- Creation Date : 06/01/2005 -- Copyright : 2005, XESS Corp -- Tool Versions : WebPACK 6.3.03i -- -- Description: -- Dual-port front-end for SDRAM controller. Supports two -- independent I/O ports to the SDRAM. -- -- Revision: -- 1.2.0: -- added upper and lower data strobe -- John Kent - 2008-03-23 -- -- 1.0.0 -- Dave Vanden Bout - 2005-01-06 -- -- Additional Comments: -- -- License: -- This code can be freely distributed and modified as long as -- this header is not removed. -------------------------------------------------------------------- library IEEE, UNISIM; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; use IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all; use IEEE.numeric_std.all; use WORK.common.all; entity dualport is generic( PIPE_EN : boolean := false; -- enable pipelined read operations PORT_TIME_SLOTS : std_logic_vector(15 downto 0) := "1111000011110000"; DATA_WIDTH : natural := 16; -- host & SDRAM data width HADDR_WIDTH : natural := 23 -- host-side address width ); port( clk : in std_logic; -- master clock -- host-side port 0 rst0 : in std_logic; -- reset rd0 : in std_logic; -- initiate read operation wr0 : in std_logic; -- initiate write operation uds0 : in std_logic; -- upper data strobe lds0 : in std_logic; -- lower data strobe earlyOpBegun0 : out std_logic; -- read/write op has begun (async) opBegun0 : out std_logic; -- read/write op has begun (clocked) rdPending0 : out std_logic; -- true if read operation(s) are still in the pipeline done0 : out std_logic; -- read or write operation is done rdDone0 : out std_logic; -- read operation is done and data is available hAddr0 : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- address from host to SDRAM hDIn0 : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from host to SDRAM hDOut0 : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); -- data from SDRAM to host status0 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- diagnostic status of the SDRAM controller FSM -- host-side port 1 rst1 : in std_logic; rd1 : in std_logic; wr1 : in std_logic; uds1 : in std_logic; -- upper data strobe lds1 : in std_logic; -- lower data strobe earlyOpBegun1 : out std_logic; opBegun1 : out std_logic; rdPending1 : out std_logic; done1 : out std_logic; rdDone1 : out std_logic; hAddr1 : in std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDIn1 : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDOut1 : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); status1 : out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); -- SDRAM controller port rst : out std_logic; rd : out std_logic; wr : out std_logic; uds : out std_logic; -- upper data strobe lds : out std_logic; -- lower data strobe earlyOpBegun : in std_logic; opBegun : in std_logic; rdPending : in std_logic; done : in std_logic; rdDone : in std_logic; hAddr : out std_logic_vector(HADDR_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDIn : out std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); hDOut : in std_logic_vector(DATA_WIDTH-1 downto 0); status : in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0) ); end dualport; architecture arch of dualport is -- The door signal controls whether the read/write signal from the active port -- is allowed through to the read/write inputs of the SDRAM controller. type doorState is (OPENED, CLOSED); signal door_r, door_x : doorState; -- The port signal indicates which port is connected to the SDRAM controller. type portState is (PORT0, PORT1); signal port_r, port_x : portState; signal switch : std_logic; -- indicates that the active port should be switched signal inProgress : std_logic; -- the active port has a read/write op in-progress signal rd_i : std_logic; -- read signal to the SDRAM controller (internal copy) signal wr_i : std_logic; -- write signal to the SDRAM controller (internal copy) signal earlyOpBegun0_i, earlyOpBegun1_i : std_logic; -- (internal copies) signal slot_r, slot_x : std_logic_vector(PORT_TIME_SLOTS'range); -- time-slot allocation shift-register begin assign_dual_ports : process( port_r, hAddr0, hAddr1, hDIn0, hDIn1, uds0, uds1, lds0, lds1, hDout, status, rst0, rst1, rd0, rd1, wr0, wr1, door_r, earlyOpBegun, earlyOpBegun0_i, earlyOpBegun1_i, rdPending, Done, rdDone, rd_i, wr_i, slot_r ) begin ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- multiplex the SDRAM controller port signals to/from the dual host-side ports ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- send the SDRAM controller the address and data from the currently active port if port_r = PORT0 then hAddr <= hAddr0; hDIn <= hDIn0; uds <= uds0; lds <= lds0; -- send the SDRAM controller status to the active port and give the inactive port an inactive status code status0 <= status; status1 <= "1111"; -- apply the read and write signals from the active port to the SDRAM controller only if the door is open. if door_r = OPENED then rd_i <= rd0; wr_i <= wr0; else rd_i <= NO; wr_i <= NO; end if; earlyOpBegun0_i <= earlyOpBegun; earlyOpBegun1_i <= NO; rdPending0 <= rdPending; rdPending1 <= NO; done0 <= done; done1 <= NO; rdDone0 <= rdDone; rdDone1 <= NO; else hAddr <= hAddr1; hDIn <= hDIn1; uds <= uds1; lds <= lds1; -- send the SDRAM controller status to the active port and give the inactive port an inactive status code status0 <= "1111"; status1 <= status; -- apply the read and write signals from the active port to the SDRAM controller only if the door is open. if door_r = OPENED then rd_i <= rd1; wr_i <= wr1; else rd_i <= NO; wr_i <= NO; end if; earlyOpBegun0_i <= NO; earlyOpBegun1_i <= earlyOpBegun; rdPending0 <= NO; rdPending1 <= rdPending; done0 <= NO; done1 <= done; rdDone0 <= NO; rdDone1 <= rdDone; end if; -- both ports get the data from the SDRAM but only the active port will use it hDOut0 <= hDOut; hDOut1 <= hDOut; -- either port can reset the SDRAM controller rst <= rst0 or rst1; rd <= rd_i; wr <= wr_i; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Indicate when the active port needs to be switched. A switch occurs if -- a read or write operation is requested on the port that is not currently active and: -- 1) no R/W operation is being performed on the active port or -- 2) a R/W operation is in progress on the active port, but the time-slot allocation -- register is giving precedence to the inactive port. (The R/W operation on the -- active port will be completed before the switch is made.) -- This rule keeps the active port from hogging all the bandwidth. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if port_r = PORT0 then if (((rd0 = NO) and (wr0 = NO)) or (slot_r(0) = '1')) then switch <= (rd1 or wr1); else switch <= NO; end if; else if (((rd1 = NO) and (wr1 = NO)) or (slot_r(0) = '0')) then switch <= (rd0 or wr0); else switch <= NO; end if; end if; -- send the status signals for various SDRAM controller operations back to the active port earlyOpBegun0 <= earlyOpBegun0_i; earlyOpBegun1 <= earlyOpBegun1_i; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Indicate when an operation on the active port is in-progress and -- can't be interrupted by a switch to the other port. (Only read operations -- are looked at since write operations always complete in one cycle once they -- are initiated.) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- inProgress <= rdPending or (rd_i and earlyOpBegun); ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Update the time-slot allocation shift-register. The port with priority is indicated by the -- least-significant bit of the register. The register is rotated right if: -- 1) the current R/W operation has started, and -- 2) both ports are requesting R/W operations (indicating contention), and -- 3) the currently active port matches the port that currently has priority. -- Under these conditions, the current time slot port allocation has been used so -- the shift register is rotated right to bring the next port time-slot allocation -- bit into play. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- if (earlyOpBegun = YES) and ( ((rd0 = YES) or (wr0 = YES)) and ((rd1 = YES) or (wr1 = YES)) ) and ( ((port_r = PORT0) and (slot_r(0) = '0')) or ((port_r = PORT1) and (slot_r(0) = '1')) ) then slot_x <= slot_r(0) & slot_r(slot_r'high downto 1); else slot_x <= slot_r; end if; end process; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Determine which port will be active on the next cycle. The active port is switched if: -- 1) the currently active port has finished its current R/W operation, and -- 2) there are no pending operations in progress, and -- 3) the port switch indicator is active. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- port_process : process(port_r, inProgress, switch, done) begin port_x <= port_r; -- by default, the active port is not changed case port_r is when PORT0 => if (inProgress = NO) and (switch = YES) and (PIPE_EN or (done = YES)) then port_x <= PORT1; end if; when PORT1 => if (inProgress = NO) and (switch = YES) and (PIPE_EN or (done = YES)) then port_x <= PORT0; end if; when others => port_x <= port_r; end case; end process port_process; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- Determine if the door is open for the active port to initiate new R/W operations to -- the SDRAM controller. If the door is open and R/W operations are in progress but -- a switch to the other port is indicated, then the door is closed to prevent any -- further R/W operations from the active port. The door is re-opened once all -- in-progress operations are completed, at which time the switch to the other port -- is also completed so it can issue its own R/W commands. ----------------------------------------------------------- door_process : process(door_r, inProgress, switch) begin door_x <= door_r; -- by default, the door remains as it is case door_r is when OPENED => if (inProgress = YES) and (switch = YES) then door_x <= CLOSED; end if; when CLOSED => if inProgress = NO then door_x <= OPENED; end if; when others => door_x <= door_r; end case; end process door_process; ----------------------------------------------------------- -- update registers on the appropriate clock edge ----------------------------------------------------------- update : process(rst0, rst1, clk) begin if (rst0 = YES) or (rst1 = YES) then -- asynchronous reset door_r <= CLOSED; port_r <= PORT0; slot_r <= PORT_TIME_SLOTS; opBegun0 <= NO; opBegun1 <= NO; elsif rising_edge(clk) then door_r <= door_x; port_r <= port_x; slot_r <= slot_x; -- opBegun signals are cycle-delayed versions of earlyOpBegun signals. -- We can't use the actual opBegun signal from the SDRAM controller -- because it would be turned off if the active port was switched on the -- cycle immediately after earlyOpBegun went active. opBegun0 <= earlyOpBegun0_i; opBegun1 <= earlyOpBegun1_i; end if; end process update; end arch;