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// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
// Package filepath implements utility routines for manipulating filename paths
// in a way compatible with the target operating system-defined file paths.
package filepath
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"os"
"runtime"
"sort"
"strings"
)
const (
Separator = os.PathSeparator
ListSeparator = os.PathListSeparator
)
// Clean returns the shortest path name equivalent to path
// by purely lexical processing. It applies the following rules
// iteratively until no further processing can be done:
//
// 1. Replace multiple Separator elements with a single one.
// 2. Eliminate each . path name element (the current directory).
// 3. Eliminate each inner .. path name element (the parent directory)
// along with the non-.. element that precedes it.
// 4. Eliminate .. elements that begin a rooted path:
// that is, replace "/.." by "/" at the beginning of a path,
// assuming Separator is '/'.
//
// If the result of this process is an empty string, Clean
// returns the string ".".
//
// See also Rob Pike, ``Lexical File Names in Plan 9 or
// Getting Dot-Dot right,''
// http://plan9.bell-labs.com/sys/doc/lexnames.html
func Clean(path string) string {
vol := VolumeName(path)
path = path[len(vol):]
if path == "" {
if len(vol) > 1 && vol[1] != ':' {
// should be UNC
return FromSlash(vol)
}
return vol + "."
}
rooted := os.IsPathSeparator(path[0])
// Invariants:
// reading from path; r is index of next byte to process.
// writing to buf; w is index of next byte to write.
// dotdot is index in buf where .. must stop, either because
// it is the leading slash or it is a leading ../../.. prefix.
n := len(path)
buf := []byte(path)
r, w, dotdot := 0, 0, 0
if rooted {
buf[0] = Separator
r, w, dotdot = 1, 1, 1
}
for r < n {
switch {
case os.IsPathSeparator(path[r]):
// empty path element
r++
case path[r] == '.' && (r+1 == n || os.IsPathSeparator(path[r+1])):
// . element
r++
case path[r] == '.' && path[r+1] == '.' && (r+2 == n || os.IsPathSeparator(path[r+2])):
// .. element: remove to last separator
r += 2
switch {
case w > dotdot:
// can backtrack
w--
for w > dotdot && !os.IsPathSeparator(buf[w]) {
w--
}
case !rooted:
// cannot backtrack, but not rooted, so append .. element.
if w > 0 {
buf[w] = Separator
w++
}
buf[w] = '.'
w++
buf[w] = '.'
w++
dotdot = w
}
default:
// real path element.
// add slash if needed
if rooted && w != 1 || !rooted && w != 0 {
buf[w] = Separator
w++
}
// copy element
for ; r < n && !os.IsPathSeparator(path[r]); r++ {
buf[w] = path[r]
w++
}
}
}
// Turn empty string into "."
if w == 0 {
buf[w] = '.'
w++
}
return FromSlash(vol + string(buf[0:w]))
}
// ToSlash returns the result of replacing each separator character
// in path with a slash ('/') character.
func ToSlash(path string) string {
if Separator == '/' {
return path
}
return strings.Replace(path, string(Separator), "/", -1)
}
// FromSlash returns the result of replacing each slash ('/') character
// in path with a separator character.
func FromSlash(path string) string {
if Separator == '/' {
return path
}
return strings.Replace(path, "/", string(Separator), -1)
}
// SplitList splits a list of paths joined by the OS-specific ListSeparator.
func SplitList(path string) []string {
if path == "" {
return []string{}
}
return strings.Split(path, string(ListSeparator))
}
// Split splits path immediately following the final Separator,
// separating it into a directory and file name component.
// If there is no Separator in path, Split returns an empty dir
// and file set to path.
// The returned values have the property that path = dir+file.
func Split(path string) (dir, file string) {
vol := VolumeName(path)
i := len(path) - 1
for i >= len(vol) && !os.IsPathSeparator(path[i]) {
i--
}
return path[:i+1], path[i+1:]
}
// Join joins any number of path elements into a single path, adding
// a Separator if necessary. All empty strings are ignored.
func Join(elem ...string) string {
for i, e := range elem {
if e != "" {
return Clean(strings.Join(elem[i:], string(Separator)))
}
}
return ""
}
// Ext returns the file name extension used by path.
// The extension is the suffix beginning at the final dot
// in the final element of path; it is empty if there is
// no dot.
func Ext(path string) string {
for i := len(path) - 1; i >= 0 && !os.IsPathSeparator(path[i]); i-- {
if path[i] == '.' {
return path[i:]
}
}
return ""
}
// EvalSymlinks returns the path name after the evaluation of any symbolic
// links.
// If path is relative it will be evaluated relative to the current directory.
func EvalSymlinks(path string) (string, error) {
if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
// Symlinks are not supported under windows.
_, err := os.Lstat(path)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return Clean(path), nil
}
const maxIter = 255
originalPath := path
// consume path by taking each frontmost path element,
// expanding it if it's a symlink, and appending it to b
var b bytes.Buffer
for n := 0; path != ""; n++ {
if n > maxIter {
return "", errors.New("EvalSymlinks: too many links in " + originalPath)
}
// find next path component, p
i := strings.IndexRune(path, Separator)
var p string
if i == -1 {
p, path = path, ""
} else {
p, path = path[:i], path[i+1:]
}
if p == "" {
if b.Len() == 0 {
// must be absolute path
b.WriteRune(Separator)
}
continue
}
fi, err := os.Lstat(b.String() + p)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if fi.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink == 0 {
b.WriteString(p)
if path != "" {
b.WriteRune(Separator)
}
continue
}
// it's a symlink, put it at the front of path
dest, err := os.Readlink(b.String() + p)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if IsAbs(dest) {
b.Reset()
}
path = dest + string(Separator) + path
}
return Clean(b.String()), nil
}
// Abs returns an absolute representation of path.
// If the path is not absolute it will be joined with the current
// working directory to turn it into an absolute path. The absolute
// path name for a given file is not guaranteed to be unique.
func Abs(path string) (string, error) {
if IsAbs(path) {
return Clean(path), nil
}
wd, err := os.Getwd()
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return Join(wd, path), nil
}
// Rel returns a relative path that is lexically equivalent to targpath when
// joined to basepath with an intervening separator. That is,
// Join(basepath, Rel(basepath, targpath)) is equivalent to targpath itself.
// On success, the returned path will always be relative to basepath,
// even if basepath and targpath share no elements.
// An error is returned if targpath can't be made relative to basepath or if
// knowing the current working directory would be necessary to compute it.
func Rel(basepath, targpath string) (string, error) {
baseVol := VolumeName(basepath)
targVol := VolumeName(targpath)
base := Clean(basepath)
targ := Clean(targpath)
if targ == base {
return ".", nil
}
base = base[len(baseVol):]
targ = targ[len(targVol):]
if base == "." {
base = ""
}
// Can't use IsAbs - `\a` and `a` are both relative in Windows.
baseSlashed := len(base) > 0 && base[0] == Separator
targSlashed := len(targ) > 0 && targ[0] == Separator
if baseSlashed != targSlashed || baseVol != targVol {
return "", errors.New("Rel: can't make " + targ + " relative to " + base)
}
// Position base[b0:bi] and targ[t0:ti] at the first differing elements.
bl := len(base)
tl := len(targ)
var b0, bi, t0, ti int
for {
for bi < bl && base[bi] != Separator {
bi++
}
for ti < tl && targ[ti] != Separator {
ti++
}
if targ[t0:ti] != base[b0:bi] {
break
}
if bi < bl {
bi++
}
if ti < tl {
ti++
}
b0 = bi
t0 = ti
}
if base[b0:bi] == ".." {
return "", errors.New("Rel: can't make " + targ + " relative to " + base)
}
if b0 != bl {
// Base elements left. Must go up before going down.
seps := strings.Count(base[b0:bl], string(Separator))
size := 2 + seps*3
if tl != t0 {
size += 1 + tl - t0
}
buf := make([]byte, size)
n := copy(buf, "..")
for i := 0; i < seps; i++ {
buf[n] = Separator
copy(buf[n+1:], "..")
n += 3
}
if t0 != tl {
buf[n] = Separator
copy(buf[n+1:], targ[t0:])
}
return string(buf), nil
}
return targ[t0:], nil
}
// SkipDir is used as a return value from WalkFuncs to indicate that
// the directory named in the call is to be skipped. It is not returned
// as an error by any function.
var SkipDir = errors.New("skip this directory")
// WalkFunc is the type of the function called for each file or directory
// visited by Walk. If there was a problem walking to the file or directory
// named by path, the incoming error will describe the problem and the
// function can decide how to handle that error (and Walk will not descend
// into that directory). If an error is returned, processing stops. The
// sole exception is that if path is a directory and the function returns the
// special value SkipDir, the contents of the directory are skipped
// and processing continues as usual on the next file.
type WalkFunc func(path string, info os.FileInfo, err error) error
// walk recursively descends path, calling w.
func walk(path string, info os.FileInfo, walkFn WalkFunc) error {
err := walkFn(path, info, nil)
if err != nil {
if info.IsDir() && err == SkipDir {
return nil
}
return err
}
if !info.IsDir() {
return nil
}
list, err := readDir(path)
if err != nil {
return walkFn(path, info, err)
}
for _, fileInfo := range list {
if err = walk(Join(path, fileInfo.Name()), fileInfo, walkFn); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// Walk walks the file tree rooted at root, calling walkFn for each file or
// directory in the tree, including root. All errors that arise visiting files
// and directories are filtered by walkFn. The files are walked in lexical
// order, which makes the output deterministic but means that for very
// large directories Walk can be inefficient.
func Walk(root string, walkFn WalkFunc) error {
info, err := os.Lstat(root)
if err != nil {
return walkFn(root, nil, err)
}
return walk(root, info, walkFn)
}
// readDir reads the directory named by dirname and returns
// a sorted list of directory entries.
// Copied from io/ioutil to avoid the circular import.
func readDir(dirname string) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
f, err := os.Open(dirname)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
list, err := f.Readdir(-1)
f.Close()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
sort.Sort(byName(list))
return list, nil
}
// byName implements sort.Interface.
type byName []os.FileInfo
func (f byName) Len() int { return len(f) }
func (f byName) Less(i, j int) bool { return f[i].Name() < f[j].Name() }
func (f byName) Swap(i, j int) { f[i], f[j] = f[j], f[i] }
// Base returns the last element of path.
// Trailing path separators are removed before extracting the last element.
// If the path is empty, Base returns ".".
// If the path consists entirely of separators, Base returns a single separator.
func Base(path string) string {
if path == "" {
return "."
}
// Strip trailing slashes.
for len(path) > 0 && os.IsPathSeparator(path[len(path)-1]) {
path = path[0 : len(path)-1]
}
// Throw away volume name
path = path[len(VolumeName(path)):]
// Find the last element
i := len(path) - 1
for i >= 0 && !os.IsPathSeparator(path[i]) {
i--
}
if i >= 0 {
path = path[i+1:]
}
// If empty now, it had only slashes.
if path == "" {
return string(Separator)
}
return path
}
// Dir returns the all but the last element of path, typically the path's directory.
// Trailing path separators are removed before processing.
// If the path is empty, Dir returns ".".
// If the path consists entirely of separators, Dir returns a single separator.
// The returned path does not end in a separator unless it is the root directory.
func Dir(path string) string {
vol := VolumeName(path)
i := len(path) - 1
for i >= len(vol) && !os.IsPathSeparator(path[i]) {
i--
}
dir := Clean(path[len(vol) : i+1])
last := len(dir) - 1
if last > 0 && os.IsPathSeparator(dir[last]) {
dir = dir[:last]
}
if dir == "" {
dir = "."
}
return vol + dir
}