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// -*- C++ -*-
 
// Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms
// of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
// Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later
// version.
 
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// General Public License for more details.
 
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
// along with this library; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 
// Copyright (C) 2004 Ami Tavory and Vladimir Dreizin, IBM-HRL.
 
// Permission to use, copy, modify, sell, and distribute this software
// is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
// notice appears in all copies, and that both that copyright notice
// and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. None
// of the above authors, nor IBM Haifa Research Laboratories, make any
// representation about the suitability of this software for any
// purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied
// warranty.
 
/**
 * @file hash_shift_mask_example.cpp
 * An example showing how to write a range-hasing functor.
 */
 
/**
 * In some rare cases, advance knowledge of the distribution of keys allows
 * writing more efficient hash-related policies.
 * In the rather simplistic case of the example, it is known in advance that
 * all keys have 0 two lowest bits. The example shows how to write
 * a range-hashing function disregarding the two lowest bits of the hash value.
 */
 
#include <functional>
#include <ext/pb_ds/assoc_container.hpp>
#include <ext/pb_ds/hash_policy.hpp>
 
using namespace std;
using namespace __gnu_pbds;
 
// A simple hash functor. hash could serve instead of this functor,
// but it is not yet standard everywhere.
struct simple_int_hash : public unary_function<int, size_t>
{
  inline size_t
  operator()(int i) const
  { return i; }
};
 
// A range-hashing function which shifts 2 bits right and then masks.
class shift_two_mask_range_hashing : private direct_mask_range_hashing<>
{
public:
  typedef size_t size_type;
 
  // Swaps with a different instant.
  void
  swap(shift_two_mask_range_hashing& other)
  { direct_mask_range_hashing<>::swap(other); }
 
  // Called by the container when internally resized.
  void
  notify_resized(size_type size)
  { direct_mask_range_hashing<>::notify_resized(size); }
 
  // Given a hash value, returns a number in the range of the internal
  // size of the container.
  inline size_type
  operator()(size_type hash) const
  { return direct_mask_range_hashing<>::operator()(hash >> 2); }
};
 
int
main()
{
  // A collision-chaining hash table mapping ints to chars.
  typedef
    cc_hash_table<
    int,
    char,
    // Hash function.
    simple_int_hash,
    equal_to<int>,
    // Range hashing function.
    shift_two_mask_range_hashing>
    map_t;
 
  map_t h;
 
  // Use normally.
  h[16] = 'a';
  h[256] = 'e';
  h[4] = 'z';
 
  return 0;
}