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/* Target-dependent code for Atmel AVR, for GDB. Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GDB. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */ /* Contributed by Theodore A. Roth, troth@openavr.org */ /* Portions of this file were taken from the original gdb-4.18 patch developed by Denis Chertykov, denisc@overta.ru */ #include "defs.h" #include "frame.h" #include "frame-unwind.h" #include "frame-base.h" #include "trad-frame.h" #include "gdbcmd.h" #include "gdbcore.h" #include "gdbtypes.h" #include "inferior.h" #include "symfile.h" #include "arch-utils.h" #include "regcache.h" #include "gdb_string.h" #include "dis-asm.h" /* AVR Background: (AVR micros are pure Harvard Architecture processors.) The AVR family of microcontrollers have three distinctly different memory spaces: flash, sram and eeprom. The flash is 16 bits wide and is used for the most part to store program instructions. The sram is 8 bits wide and is used for the stack and the heap. Some devices lack sram and some can have an additional external sram added on as a peripheral. The eeprom is 8 bits wide and is used to store data when the device is powered down. Eeprom is not directly accessible, it can only be accessed via io-registers using a special algorithm. Accessing eeprom via gdb's remote serial protocol ('m' or 'M' packets) looks difficult to do and is not included at this time. [The eeprom could be read manually via ``x/b <eaddr + AVR_EMEM_START>'' or written using ``set {unsigned char}<eaddr + AVR_EMEM_START>''. For this to work, the remote target must be able to handle eeprom accesses and perform the address translation.] All three memory spaces have physical addresses beginning at 0x0. In addition, the flash is addressed by gcc/binutils/gdb with respect to 8 bit bytes instead of the 16 bit wide words used by the real device for the Program Counter. In order for remote targets to work correctly, extra bits must be added to addresses before they are send to the target or received from the target via the remote serial protocol. The extra bits are the MSBs and are used to decode which memory space the address is referring to. */ #undef XMALLOC #define XMALLOC(TYPE) ((TYPE*) xmalloc (sizeof (TYPE))) /* Constants: prefixed with AVR_ to avoid name space clashes */ enum { AVR_REG_W = 24, AVR_REG_X = 26, AVR_REG_Y = 28, AVR_FP_REGNUM = 28, AVR_REG_Z = 30, AVR_SREG_REGNUM = 32, AVR_SP_REGNUM = 33, AVR_PC_REGNUM = 34, AVR_NUM_REGS = 32 + 1 /*SREG*/ + 1 /*SP*/ + 1 /*PC*/, AVR_NUM_REG_BYTES = 32 + 1 /*SREG*/ + 2 /*SP*/ + 4 /*PC*/, /* Pseudo registers. */ AVR_PSEUDO_PC_REGNUM = 35, AVR_NUM_PSEUDO_REGS = 1, AVR_PC_REG_INDEX = 35, /* index into array of registers */ AVR_MAX_PROLOGUE_SIZE = 64, /* bytes */ /* Count of pushed registers. From r2 to r17 (inclusively), r28, r29 */ AVR_MAX_PUSHES = 18, /* Number of the last pushed register. r17 for current avr-gcc */ AVR_LAST_PUSHED_REGNUM = 17, AVR_ARG1_REGNUM = 24, /* Single byte argument */ AVR_ARGN_REGNUM = 25, /* Multi byte argments */ AVR_RET1_REGNUM = 24, /* Single byte return value */ AVR_RETN_REGNUM = 25, /* Multi byte return value */ /* FIXME: TRoth/2002-01-??: Can we shift all these memory masks left 8 bits? Do these have to match the bfd vma values?. It sure would make things easier in the future if they didn't need to match. Note: I chose these values so as to be consistent with bfd vma addresses. TRoth/2002-04-08: There is already a conflict with very large programs in the mega128. The mega128 has 128K instruction bytes (64K words), thus the Most Significant Bit is 0x10000 which gets masked off my AVR_MEM_MASK. The problem manifests itself when trying to set a breakpoint in a function which resides in the upper half of the instruction space and thus requires a 17-bit address. For now, I've just removed the EEPROM mask and changed AVR_MEM_MASK from 0x00ff0000 to 0x00f00000. Eeprom is not accessible from gdb yet, but could be for some remote targets by just adding the correct offset to the address and letting the remote target handle the low-level details of actually accessing the eeprom. */ AVR_IMEM_START = 0x00000000, /* INSN memory */ AVR_SMEM_START = 0x00800000, /* SRAM memory */ #if 1 /* No eeprom mask defined */ AVR_MEM_MASK = 0x00f00000, /* mask to determine memory space */ #else AVR_EMEM_START = 0x00810000, /* EEPROM memory */ AVR_MEM_MASK = 0x00ff0000, /* mask to determine memory space */ #endif }; /* Prologue types: NORMAL and CALL are the typical types (the -mcall-prologues gcc option causes the generation of the CALL type prologues). */ enum { AVR_PROLOGUE_NONE, /* No prologue */ AVR_PROLOGUE_NORMAL, AVR_PROLOGUE_CALL, /* -mcall-prologues */ AVR_PROLOGUE_MAIN, AVR_PROLOGUE_INTR, /* interrupt handler */ AVR_PROLOGUE_SIG, /* signal handler */ }; /* Any function with a frame looks like this ....... <-SP POINTS HERE LOCALS1 <-FP POINTS HERE LOCALS0 SAVED FP SAVED R3 SAVED R2 RET PC FIRST ARG SECOND ARG */ struct avr_unwind_cache { /* The previous frame's inner most stack address. Used as this frame ID's stack_addr. */ CORE_ADDR prev_sp; /* The frame's base, optionally used by the high-level debug info. */ CORE_ADDR base; int size; int prologue_type; /* Table indicating the location of each and every register. */ struct trad_frame_saved_reg *saved_regs; }; struct gdbarch_tdep { /* Number of bytes stored to the stack by call instructions. 2 bytes for avr1-5, 3 bytes for avr6. */ int call_length; /* Type for void. */ struct type *void_type; /* Type for a function returning void. */ struct type *func_void_type; /* Type for a pointer to a function. Used for the type of PC. */ struct type *pc_type; }; /* Lookup the name of a register given it's number. */ static const char * avr_register_name (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int regnum) { static const char * const register_names[] = { "r0", "r1", "r2", "r3", "r4", "r5", "r6", "r7", "r8", "r9", "r10", "r11", "r12", "r13", "r14", "r15", "r16", "r17", "r18", "r19", "r20", "r21", "r22", "r23", "r24", "r25", "r26", "r27", "r28", "r29", "r30", "r31", "SREG", "SP", "PC2", "pc" }; if (regnum < 0) return NULL; if (regnum >= (sizeof (register_names) / sizeof (*register_names))) return NULL; return register_names[regnum]; } /* Return the GDB type object for the "standard" data type of data in register N. */ static struct type * avr_register_type (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int reg_nr) { if (reg_nr == AVR_PC_REGNUM) return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint32; if (reg_nr == AVR_PSEUDO_PC_REGNUM) return gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch)->pc_type; if (reg_nr == AVR_SP_REGNUM) return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_data_ptr; return builtin_type (gdbarch)->builtin_uint8; } /* Instruction address checks and convertions. */ static CORE_ADDR avr_make_iaddr (CORE_ADDR x) { return ((x) | AVR_IMEM_START); } /* FIXME: TRoth: Really need to use a larger mask for instructions. Some devices are already up to 128KBytes of flash space. TRoth/2002-04-8: See comment above where AVR_IMEM_START is defined. */ static CORE_ADDR avr_convert_iaddr_to_raw (CORE_ADDR x) { return ((x) & 0xffffffff); } /* SRAM address checks and convertions. */ static CORE_ADDR avr_make_saddr (CORE_ADDR x) { /* Return 0 for NULL. */ if (x == 0) return 0; return ((x) | AVR_SMEM_START); } static CORE_ADDR avr_convert_saddr_to_raw (CORE_ADDR x) { return ((x) & 0xffffffff); } /* EEPROM address checks and convertions. I don't know if these will ever actually be used, but I've added them just the same. TRoth */ /* TRoth/2002-04-08: Commented out for now to allow fix for problem with large programs in the mega128. */ /* static CORE_ADDR */ /* avr_make_eaddr (CORE_ADDR x) */ /* { */ /* return ((x) | AVR_EMEM_START); */ /* } */ /* static int */ /* avr_eaddr_p (CORE_ADDR x) */ /* { */ /* return (((x) & AVR_MEM_MASK) == AVR_EMEM_START); */ /* } */ /* static CORE_ADDR */ /* avr_convert_eaddr_to_raw (CORE_ADDR x) */ /* { */ /* return ((x) & 0xffffffff); */ /* } */ /* Convert from address to pointer and vice-versa. */ static void avr_address_to_pointer (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type, gdb_byte *buf, CORE_ADDR addr) { enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch); /* Is it a code address? */ if (TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC || TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)) == TYPE_CODE_METHOD) { store_unsigned_integer (buf, TYPE_LENGTH (type), byte_order, avr_convert_iaddr_to_raw (addr >> 1)); } else { /* Strip off any upper segment bits. */ store_unsigned_integer (buf, TYPE_LENGTH (type), byte_order, avr_convert_saddr_to_raw (addr)); } } static CORE_ADDR avr_pointer_to_address (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type, const gdb_byte *buf) { enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch); CORE_ADDR addr = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, TYPE_LENGTH (type), byte_order); /* Is it a code address? */ if (TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)) == TYPE_CODE_FUNC || TYPE_CODE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type)) == TYPE_CODE_METHOD || TYPE_CODE_SPACE (TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (type))) return avr_make_iaddr (addr << 1); else return avr_make_saddr (addr); } static CORE_ADDR avr_integer_to_address (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *type, const gdb_byte *buf) { ULONGEST addr = unpack_long (type, buf); return avr_make_saddr (addr); } static CORE_ADDR avr_read_pc (struct regcache *regcache) { ULONGEST pc; regcache_cooked_read_unsigned (regcache, AVR_PC_REGNUM, &pc); return avr_make_iaddr (pc); } static void avr_write_pc (struct regcache *regcache, CORE_ADDR val) { regcache_cooked_write_unsigned (regcache, AVR_PC_REGNUM, avr_convert_iaddr_to_raw (val)); } static void avr_pseudo_register_read (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct regcache *regcache, int regnum, gdb_byte *buf) { ULONGEST val; switch (regnum) { case AVR_PSEUDO_PC_REGNUM: regcache_raw_read_unsigned (regcache, AVR_PC_REGNUM, &val); val >>= 1; store_unsigned_integer (buf, 4, gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch), val); break; default: internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, _("invalid regnum")); } } static void avr_pseudo_register_write (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct regcache *regcache, int regnum, const gdb_byte *buf) { ULONGEST val; switch (regnum) { case AVR_PSEUDO_PC_REGNUM: val = extract_unsigned_integer (buf, 4, gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch)); val <<= 1; regcache_raw_write_unsigned (regcache, AVR_PC_REGNUM, val); break; default: internal_error (__FILE__, __LINE__, _("invalid regnum")); } } /* Function: avr_scan_prologue This function decodes an AVR function prologue to determine: 1) the size of the stack frame 2) which registers are saved on it 3) the offsets of saved regs This information is stored in the avr_unwind_cache structure. Some devices lack the sbiw instruction, so on those replace this: sbiw r28, XX with this: subi r28,lo8(XX) sbci r29,hi8(XX) A typical AVR function prologue with a frame pointer might look like this: push rXX ; saved regs ... push r28 push r29 in r28,__SP_L__ in r29,__SP_H__ sbiw r28,<LOCALS_SIZE> in __tmp_reg__,__SREG__ cli out __SP_H__,r29 out __SREG__,__tmp_reg__ out __SP_L__,r28 A typical AVR function prologue without a frame pointer might look like this: push rXX ; saved regs ... A main function prologue looks like this: ldi r28,lo8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) ldi r29,hi8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) out __SP_H__,r29 out __SP_L__,r28 A signal handler prologue looks like this: push __zero_reg__ push __tmp_reg__ in __tmp_reg__, __SREG__ push __tmp_reg__ clr __zero_reg__ push rXX ; save registers r18:r27, r30:r31 ... push r28 ; save frame pointer push r29 in r28, __SP_L__ in r29, __SP_H__ sbiw r28, <LOCALS_SIZE> out __SP_H__, r29 out __SP_L__, r28 A interrupt handler prologue looks like this: sei push __zero_reg__ push __tmp_reg__ in __tmp_reg__, __SREG__ push __tmp_reg__ clr __zero_reg__ push rXX ; save registers r18:r27, r30:r31 ... push r28 ; save frame pointer push r29 in r28, __SP_L__ in r29, __SP_H__ sbiw r28, <LOCALS_SIZE> cli out __SP_H__, r29 sei out __SP_L__, r28 A `-mcall-prologues' prologue looks like this (Note that the megas use a jmp instead of a rjmp, thus the prologue is one word larger since jmp is a 32 bit insn and rjmp is a 16 bit insn): ldi r26,lo8(<LOCALS_SIZE>) ldi r27,hi8(<LOCALS_SIZE>) ldi r30,pm_lo8(.L_foo_body) ldi r31,pm_hi8(.L_foo_body) rjmp __prologue_saves__+RRR .L_foo_body: */ /* Not really part of a prologue, but still need to scan for it, is when a function prologue moves values passed via registers as arguments to new registers. In this case, all local variables live in registers, so there may be some register saves. This is what it looks like: movw rMM, rNN ... There could be multiple movw's. If the target doesn't have a movw insn, it will use two mov insns. This could be done after any of the above prologue types. */ static CORE_ADDR avr_scan_prologue (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, CORE_ADDR pc_beg, CORE_ADDR pc_end, struct avr_unwind_cache *info) { enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch); int i; unsigned short insn; int scan_stage = 0; struct minimal_symbol *msymbol; unsigned char prologue[AVR_MAX_PROLOGUE_SIZE]; int vpc = 0; int len; len = pc_end - pc_beg; if (len > AVR_MAX_PROLOGUE_SIZE) len = AVR_MAX_PROLOGUE_SIZE; /* FIXME: TRoth/2003-06-11: This could be made more efficient by only reading in the bytes of the prologue. The problem is that the figuring out where the end of the prologue is is a bit difficult. The old code tried to do that, but failed quite often. */ read_memory (pc_beg, prologue, len); /* Scanning main()'s prologue ldi r28,lo8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) ldi r29,hi8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) out __SP_H__,r29 out __SP_L__,r28 */ if (len >= 4) { CORE_ADDR locals; static const unsigned char img[] = { 0xde, 0xbf, /* out __SP_H__,r29 */ 0xcd, 0xbf /* out __SP_L__,r28 */ }; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r28,lo8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) == 0xe0c0) { locals = (insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4); insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 2], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r29,hi8(<RAM_ADDR> - <LOCALS_SIZE>) */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) == 0xe0d0) { locals |= ((insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4)) << 8; if (vpc + 4 + sizeof (img) < len && memcmp (prologue + vpc + 4, img, sizeof (img)) == 0) { info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_MAIN; info->base = locals; return pc_beg + 4; } } } } /* Scanning `-mcall-prologues' prologue Classic prologue is 10 bytes, mega prologue is a 12 bytes long */ while (1) /* Using a while to avoid many goto's */ { int loc_size; int body_addr; unsigned num_pushes; int pc_offset = 0; /* At least the fifth instruction must have been executed to modify frame shape. */ if (len < 10) break; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r26,<LOCALS_SIZE> */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) != 0xe0a0) break; loc_size = (insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4); pc_offset += 2; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 2], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r27,<LOCALS_SIZE> / 256 */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) != 0xe0b0) break; loc_size |= ((insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4)) << 8; pc_offset += 2; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 4], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r30,pm_lo8(.L_foo_body) */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) != 0xe0e0) break; body_addr = (insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4); pc_offset += 2; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 6], 2, byte_order); /* ldi r31,pm_hi8(.L_foo_body) */ if ((insn & 0xf0f0) != 0xe0f0) break; body_addr |= ((insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0x0f00) >> 4)) << 8; pc_offset += 2; msymbol = lookup_minimal_symbol ("__prologue_saves__", NULL, NULL); if (!msymbol) break; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 8], 2, byte_order); /* rjmp __prologue_saves__+RRR */ if ((insn & 0xf000) == 0xc000) { /* Extract PC relative offset from RJMP */ i = (insn & 0xfff) | (insn & 0x800 ? (-1 ^ 0xfff) : 0); /* Convert offset to byte addressable mode */ i *= 2; /* Destination address */ i += pc_beg + 10; if (body_addr != (pc_beg + 10)/2) break; pc_offset += 2; } else if ((insn & 0xfe0e) == 0x940c) { /* Extract absolute PC address from JMP */ i = (((insn & 0x1) | ((insn & 0x1f0) >> 3) << 16) | (extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc + 10], 2, byte_order) & 0xffff)); /* Convert address to byte addressable mode */ i *= 2; if (body_addr != (pc_beg + 12)/2) break; pc_offset += 4; } else break; /* Resolve offset (in words) from __prologue_saves__ symbol. Which is a pushes count in `-mcall-prologues' mode */ num_pushes = AVR_MAX_PUSHES - (i - SYMBOL_VALUE_ADDRESS (msymbol)) / 2; if (num_pushes > AVR_MAX_PUSHES) { fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stderr, _("Num pushes too large: %d\n"), num_pushes); num_pushes = 0; } if (num_pushes) { int from; info->saved_regs[AVR_FP_REGNUM + 1].addr = num_pushes; if (num_pushes >= 2) info->saved_regs[AVR_FP_REGNUM].addr = num_pushes - 1; i = 0; for (from = AVR_LAST_PUSHED_REGNUM + 1 - (num_pushes - 2); from <= AVR_LAST_PUSHED_REGNUM; ++from) info->saved_regs [from].addr = ++i; } info->size = loc_size + num_pushes; info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_CALL; return pc_beg + pc_offset; } /* Scan for the beginning of the prologue for an interrupt or signal function. Note that we have to set the prologue type here since the third stage of the prologue may not be present (e.g. no saved registered or changing of the SP register). */ if (1) { static const unsigned char img[] = { 0x78, 0x94, /* sei */ 0x1f, 0x92, /* push r1 */ 0x0f, 0x92, /* push r0 */ 0x0f, 0xb6, /* in r0,0x3f SREG */ 0x0f, 0x92, /* push r0 */ 0x11, 0x24 /* clr r1 */ }; if (len >= sizeof (img) && memcmp (prologue, img, sizeof (img)) == 0) { info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_INTR; vpc += sizeof (img); info->saved_regs[AVR_SREG_REGNUM].addr = 3; info->saved_regs[0].addr = 2; info->saved_regs[1].addr = 1; info->size += 3; } else if (len >= sizeof (img) - 2 && memcmp (img + 2, prologue, sizeof (img) - 2) == 0) { info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_SIG; vpc += sizeof (img) - 2; info->saved_regs[AVR_SREG_REGNUM].addr = 3; info->saved_regs[0].addr = 2; info->saved_regs[1].addr = 1; info->size += 2; } } /* First stage of the prologue scanning. Scan pushes (saved registers) */ for (; vpc < len; vpc += 2) { insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); if ((insn & 0xfe0f) == 0x920f) /* push rXX */ { /* Bits 4-9 contain a mask for registers R0-R32. */ int regno = (insn & 0x1f0) >> 4; info->size++; info->saved_regs[regno].addr = info->size; scan_stage = 1; } else break; } gdb_assert (vpc < AVR_MAX_PROLOGUE_SIZE); /* Handle static small stack allocation using rcall or push. */ while (scan_stage == 1 && vpc < len) { insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); if (insn == 0xd000) /* rcall .+0 */ { info->size += gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch)->call_length; vpc += 2; } else if (insn == 0x920f) /* push r0 */ { info->size += 1; vpc += 2; } else break; } /* Second stage of the prologue scanning. Scan: in r28,__SP_L__ in r29,__SP_H__ */ if (scan_stage == 1 && vpc < len) { static const unsigned char img[] = { 0xcd, 0xb7, /* in r28,__SP_L__ */ 0xde, 0xb7 /* in r29,__SP_H__ */ }; unsigned short insn1; if (vpc + sizeof (img) < len && memcmp (prologue + vpc, img, sizeof (img)) == 0) { vpc += 4; scan_stage = 2; } } /* Third stage of the prologue scanning. (Really two stages) Scan for: sbiw r28,XX or subi r28,lo8(XX) sbci r29,hi8(XX) in __tmp_reg__,__SREG__ cli out __SP_H__,r29 out __SREG__,__tmp_reg__ out __SP_L__,r28 */ if (scan_stage == 2 && vpc < len) { int locals_size = 0; static const unsigned char img[] = { 0x0f, 0xb6, /* in r0,0x3f */ 0xf8, 0x94, /* cli */ 0xde, 0xbf, /* out 0x3e,r29 ; SPH */ 0x0f, 0xbe, /* out 0x3f,r0 ; SREG */ 0xcd, 0xbf /* out 0x3d,r28 ; SPL */ }; static const unsigned char img_sig[] = { 0xde, 0xbf, /* out 0x3e,r29 ; SPH */ 0xcd, 0xbf /* out 0x3d,r28 ; SPL */ }; static const unsigned char img_int[] = { 0xf8, 0x94, /* cli */ 0xde, 0xbf, /* out 0x3e,r29 ; SPH */ 0x78, 0x94, /* sei */ 0xcd, 0xbf /* out 0x3d,r28 ; SPL */ }; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); if ((insn & 0xff30) == 0x9720) /* sbiw r28,XXX */ { locals_size = (insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0xc0) >> 2); vpc += 2; } else if ((insn & 0xf0f0) == 0x50c0) /* subi r28,lo8(XX) */ { locals_size = (insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0xf00) >> 4); vpc += 2; insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); vpc += 2; locals_size += ((insn & 0xf) | ((insn & 0xf00) >> 4)) << 8; } else return pc_beg + vpc; /* Scan the last part of the prologue. May not be present for interrupt or signal handler functions, which is why we set the prologue type when we saw the beginning of the prologue previously. */ if (vpc + sizeof (img_sig) < len && memcmp (prologue + vpc, img_sig, sizeof (img_sig)) == 0) { vpc += sizeof (img_sig); } else if (vpc + sizeof (img_int) < len && memcmp (prologue + vpc, img_int, sizeof (img_int)) == 0) { vpc += sizeof (img_int); } if (vpc + sizeof (img) < len && memcmp (prologue + vpc, img, sizeof (img)) == 0) { info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_NORMAL; vpc += sizeof (img); } info->size += locals_size; /* Fall through. */ } /* If we got this far, we could not scan the prologue, so just return the pc of the frame plus an adjustment for argument move insns. */ for (; vpc < len; vpc += 2) { insn = extract_unsigned_integer (&prologue[vpc], 2, byte_order); if ((insn & 0xff00) == 0x0100) /* movw rXX, rYY */ continue; else if ((insn & 0xfc00) == 0x2c00) /* mov rXX, rYY */ continue; else break; } return pc_beg + vpc; } static CORE_ADDR avr_skip_prologue (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, CORE_ADDR pc) { CORE_ADDR func_addr, func_end; CORE_ADDR post_prologue_pc; /* See what the symbol table says */ if (!find_pc_partial_function (pc, NULL, &func_addr, &func_end)) return pc; post_prologue_pc = skip_prologue_using_sal (gdbarch, func_addr); if (post_prologue_pc != 0) return max (pc, post_prologue_pc); { CORE_ADDR prologue_end = pc; struct avr_unwind_cache info = {0}; struct trad_frame_saved_reg saved_regs[AVR_NUM_REGS]; info.saved_regs = saved_regs; /* Need to run the prologue scanner to figure out if the function has a prologue and possibly skip over moving arguments passed via registers to other registers. */ prologue_end = avr_scan_prologue (gdbarch, func_addr, func_end, &info); if (info.prologue_type != AVR_PROLOGUE_NONE) return prologue_end; } /* Either we didn't find the start of this function (nothing we can do), or there's no line info, or the line after the prologue is after the end of the function (there probably isn't a prologue). */ return pc; } /* Not all avr devices support the BREAK insn. Those that don't should treat it as a NOP. Thus, it should be ok. Since the avr is currently a remote only target, this shouldn't be a problem (I hope). TRoth/2003-05-14 */ static const unsigned char * avr_breakpoint_from_pc (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, CORE_ADDR * pcptr, int *lenptr) { static const unsigned char avr_break_insn [] = { 0x98, 0x95 }; *lenptr = sizeof (avr_break_insn); return avr_break_insn; } /* Determine, for architecture GDBARCH, how a return value of TYPE should be returned. If it is supposed to be returned in registers, and READBUF is non-zero, read the appropriate value from REGCACHE, and copy it into READBUF. If WRITEBUF is non-zero, write the value from WRITEBUF into REGCACHE. */ static enum return_value_convention avr_return_value (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct type *func_type, struct type *valtype, struct regcache *regcache, gdb_byte *readbuf, const gdb_byte *writebuf) { int i; /* Single byte are returned in r24. Otherwise, the MSB of the return value is always in r25, calculate which register holds the LSB. */ int lsb_reg; if ((TYPE_CODE (valtype) == TYPE_CODE_STRUCT || TYPE_CODE (valtype) == TYPE_CODE_UNION || TYPE_CODE (valtype) == TYPE_CODE_ARRAY) && TYPE_LENGTH (valtype) > 8) return RETURN_VALUE_STRUCT_CONVENTION; if (TYPE_LENGTH (valtype) <= 2) lsb_reg = 24; else if (TYPE_LENGTH (valtype) <= 4) lsb_reg = 22; else if (TYPE_LENGTH (valtype) <= 8) lsb_reg = 18; else gdb_assert (0); if (writebuf != NULL) { for (i = 0; i < TYPE_LENGTH (valtype); i++) regcache_cooked_write (regcache, lsb_reg + i, writebuf + i); } if (readbuf != NULL) { for (i = 0; i < TYPE_LENGTH (valtype); i++) regcache_cooked_read (regcache, lsb_reg + i, readbuf + i); } return RETURN_VALUE_REGISTER_CONVENTION; } /* Put here the code to store, into fi->saved_regs, the addresses of the saved registers of frame described by FRAME_INFO. This includes special registers such as pc and fp saved in special ways in the stack frame. sp is even more special: the address we return for it IS the sp for the next frame. */ static struct avr_unwind_cache * avr_frame_unwind_cache (struct frame_info *this_frame, void **this_prologue_cache) { CORE_ADDR start_pc, current_pc; ULONGEST prev_sp; ULONGEST this_base; struct avr_unwind_cache *info; struct gdbarch *gdbarch; struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep; int i; if (*this_prologue_cache) return *this_prologue_cache; info = FRAME_OBSTACK_ZALLOC (struct avr_unwind_cache); *this_prologue_cache = info; info->saved_regs = trad_frame_alloc_saved_regs (this_frame); info->size = 0; info->prologue_type = AVR_PROLOGUE_NONE; start_pc = get_frame_func (this_frame); current_pc = get_frame_pc (this_frame); if ((start_pc > 0) && (start_pc <= current_pc)) avr_scan_prologue (get_frame_arch (this_frame), start_pc, current_pc, info); if ((info->prologue_type != AVR_PROLOGUE_NONE) && (info->prologue_type != AVR_PROLOGUE_MAIN)) { ULONGEST high_base; /* High byte of FP */ /* The SP was moved to the FP. This indicates that a new frame was created. Get THIS frame's FP value by unwinding it from the next frame. */ this_base = get_frame_register_unsigned (this_frame, AVR_FP_REGNUM); high_base = get_frame_register_unsigned (this_frame, AVR_FP_REGNUM + 1); this_base += (high_base << 8); /* The FP points at the last saved register. Adjust the FP back to before the first saved register giving the SP. */ prev_sp = this_base + info->size; } else { /* Assume that the FP is this frame's SP but with that pushed stack space added back. */ this_base = get_frame_register_unsigned (this_frame, AVR_SP_REGNUM); prev_sp = this_base + info->size; } /* Add 1 here to adjust for the post-decrement nature of the push instruction.*/ info->prev_sp = avr_make_saddr (prev_sp + 1); info->base = avr_make_saddr (this_base); gdbarch = get_frame_arch (this_frame); /* Adjust all the saved registers so that they contain addresses and not offsets. */ for (i = 0; i < gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch) - 1; i++) if (info->saved_regs[i].addr > 0) info->saved_regs[i].addr = info->prev_sp - info->saved_regs[i].addr; /* Except for the main and startup code, the return PC is always saved on the stack and is at the base of the frame. */ if (info->prologue_type != AVR_PROLOGUE_MAIN) info->saved_regs[AVR_PC_REGNUM].addr = info->prev_sp; /* The previous frame's SP needed to be computed. Save the computed value. */ tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch); trad_frame_set_value (info->saved_regs, AVR_SP_REGNUM, info->prev_sp - 1 + tdep->call_length); return info; } static CORE_ADDR avr_unwind_pc (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct frame_info *next_frame) { ULONGEST pc; pc = frame_unwind_register_unsigned (next_frame, AVR_PC_REGNUM); return avr_make_iaddr (pc); } static CORE_ADDR avr_unwind_sp (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct frame_info *next_frame) { ULONGEST sp; sp = frame_unwind_register_unsigned (next_frame, AVR_SP_REGNUM); return avr_make_saddr (sp); } /* Given a GDB frame, determine the address of the calling function's frame. This will be used to create a new GDB frame struct. */ static void avr_frame_this_id (struct frame_info *this_frame, void **this_prologue_cache, struct frame_id *this_id) { struct avr_unwind_cache *info = avr_frame_unwind_cache (this_frame, this_prologue_cache); CORE_ADDR base; CORE_ADDR func; struct frame_id id; /* The FUNC is easy. */ func = get_frame_func (this_frame); /* Hopefully the prologue analysis either correctly determined the frame's base (which is the SP from the previous frame), or set that base to "NULL". */ base = info->prev_sp; if (base == 0) return; id = frame_id_build (base, func); (*this_id) = id; } static struct value * avr_frame_prev_register (struct frame_info *this_frame, void **this_prologue_cache, int regnum) { struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (this_frame); enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch); struct avr_unwind_cache *info = avr_frame_unwind_cache (this_frame, this_prologue_cache); if (regnum == AVR_PC_REGNUM || regnum == AVR_PSEUDO_PC_REGNUM) { if (trad_frame_addr_p (info->saved_regs, AVR_PC_REGNUM)) { /* Reading the return PC from the PC register is slightly abnormal. register_size(AVR_PC_REGNUM) says it is 4 bytes, but in reality, only two bytes (3 in upcoming mega256) are stored on the stack. Also, note that the value on the stack is an addr to a word not a byte, so we will need to multiply it by two at some point. And to confuse matters even more, the return address stored on the stack is in big endian byte order, even though most everything else about the avr is little endian. Ick! */ ULONGEST pc; int i; unsigned char buf[3]; struct gdbarch *gdbarch = get_frame_arch (this_frame); struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch); read_memory (info->saved_regs[AVR_PC_REGNUM].addr, buf, tdep->call_length); /* Extract the PC read from memory as a big-endian. */ pc = 0; for (i = 0; i < tdep->call_length; i++) pc = (pc << 8) | buf[i]; if (regnum == AVR_PC_REGNUM) pc <<= 1; return frame_unwind_got_constant (this_frame, regnum, pc); } return frame_unwind_got_optimized (this_frame, regnum); } return trad_frame_get_prev_register (this_frame, info->saved_regs, regnum); } static const struct frame_unwind avr_frame_unwind = { NORMAL_FRAME, avr_frame_this_id, avr_frame_prev_register, NULL, default_frame_sniffer }; static CORE_ADDR avr_frame_base_address (struct frame_info *this_frame, void **this_cache) { struct avr_unwind_cache *info = avr_frame_unwind_cache (this_frame, this_cache); return info->base; } static const struct frame_base avr_frame_base = { &avr_frame_unwind, avr_frame_base_address, avr_frame_base_address, avr_frame_base_address }; /* Assuming THIS_FRAME is a dummy, return the frame ID of that dummy frame. The frame ID's base needs to match the TOS value saved by save_dummy_frame_tos(), and the PC match the dummy frame's breakpoint. */ static struct frame_id avr_dummy_id (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct frame_info *this_frame) { ULONGEST base; base = get_frame_register_unsigned (this_frame, AVR_SP_REGNUM); return frame_id_build (avr_make_saddr (base), get_frame_pc (this_frame)); } /* When arguments must be pushed onto the stack, they go on in reverse order. The below implements a FILO (stack) to do this. */ struct stack_item { int len; struct stack_item *prev; void *data; }; static struct stack_item * push_stack_item (struct stack_item *prev, const bfd_byte *contents, int len) { struct stack_item *si; si = xmalloc (sizeof (struct stack_item)); si->data = xmalloc (len); si->len = len; si->prev = prev; memcpy (si->data, contents, len); return si; } static struct stack_item *pop_stack_item (struct stack_item *si); static struct stack_item * pop_stack_item (struct stack_item *si) { struct stack_item *dead = si; si = si->prev; xfree (dead->data); xfree (dead); return si; } /* Setup the function arguments for calling a function in the inferior. On the AVR architecture, there are 18 registers (R25 to R8) which are dedicated for passing function arguments. Up to the first 18 arguments (depending on size) may go into these registers. The rest go on the stack. All arguments are aligned to start in even-numbered registers (odd-sized arguments, including char, have one free register above them). For example, an int in arg1 and a char in arg2 would be passed as such: arg1 -> r25:r24 arg2 -> r22 Arguments that are larger than 2 bytes will be split between two or more registers as available, but will NOT be split between a register and the stack. Arguments that go onto the stack are pushed last arg first (this is similar to the d10v). */ /* NOTE: TRoth/2003-06-17: The rest of this comment is old looks to be inaccurate. An exceptional case exists for struct arguments (and possibly other aggregates such as arrays) -- if the size is larger than WORDSIZE bytes but not a multiple of WORDSIZE bytes. In this case the argument is never split between the registers and the stack, but instead is copied in its entirety onto the stack, AND also copied into as many registers as there is room for. In other words, space in registers permitting, two copies of the same argument are passed in. As far as I can tell, only the one on the stack is used, although that may be a function of the level of compiler optimization. I suspect this is a compiler bug. Arguments of these odd sizes are left-justified within the word (as opposed to arguments smaller than WORDSIZE bytes, which are right-justified). If the function is to return an aggregate type such as a struct, the caller must allocate space into which the callee will copy the return value. In this case, a pointer to the return value location is passed into the callee in register R0, which displaces one of the other arguments passed in via registers R0 to R2. */ static CORE_ADDR avr_push_dummy_call (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, struct value *function, struct regcache *regcache, CORE_ADDR bp_addr, int nargs, struct value **args, CORE_ADDR sp, int struct_return, CORE_ADDR struct_addr) { enum bfd_endian byte_order = gdbarch_byte_order (gdbarch); int i; unsigned char buf[3]; int call_length = gdbarch_tdep (gdbarch)->call_length; CORE_ADDR return_pc = avr_convert_iaddr_to_raw (bp_addr); int regnum = AVR_ARGN_REGNUM; struct stack_item *si = NULL; if (struct_return) { regcache_cooked_write_unsigned (regcache, regnum--, (struct_addr >> 8) & 0xff); regcache_cooked_write_unsigned (regcache, regnum--, struct_addr & 0xff); /* SP being post decremented, we need to reserve one byte so that the return address won't overwrite the result (or vice-versa). */ if (sp == struct_addr) sp--; } for (i = 0; i < nargs; i++) { int last_regnum; int j; struct value *arg = args[i]; struct type *type = check_typedef (value_type (arg)); const bfd_byte *contents = value_contents (arg); int len = TYPE_LENGTH (type); /* Calculate the potential last register needed. */ last_regnum = regnum - (len + (len & 1)); /* If there are registers available, use them. Once we start putting stuff on the stack, all subsequent args go on stack. */ if ((si == NULL) && (last_regnum >= 8)) { ULONGEST val; /* Skip a register for odd length args. */ if (len & 1) regnum--; val = extract_unsigned_integer (contents, len, byte_order); for (j = 0; j < len; j++) regcache_cooked_write_unsigned (regcache, regnum--, val >> (8 * (len - j - 1))); } /* No registers available, push the args onto the stack. */ else { /* From here on, we don't care about regnum. */ si = push_stack_item (si, contents, len); } } /* Push args onto the stack. */ while (si) { sp -= si->len; /* Add 1 to sp here to account for post decr nature of pushes. */ write_memory (sp + 1, si->data, si->len); si = pop_stack_item (si); } /* Set the return address. For the avr, the return address is the BP_ADDR. Need to push the return address onto the stack noting that it needs to be in big-endian order on the stack. */ for (i = 1; i <= call_length; i++) { buf[call_length - i] = return_pc & 0xff; return_pc >>= 8; } sp -= call_length; /* Use 'sp + 1' since pushes are post decr ops. */ write_memory (sp + 1, buf, call_length); /* Finally, update the SP register. */ regcache_cooked_write_unsigned (regcache, AVR_SP_REGNUM, avr_convert_saddr_to_raw (sp)); /* Return SP value for the dummy frame, where the return address hasn't been pushed. */ return sp + call_length; } /* Unfortunately dwarf2 register for SP is 32. */ static int avr_dwarf_reg_to_regnum (struct gdbarch *gdbarch, int reg) { if (reg >= 0 && reg < 32) return reg; if (reg == 32) return AVR_SP_REGNUM; warning (_("Unmapped DWARF Register #%d encountered."), reg); return -1; } /* Initialize the gdbarch structure for the AVR's. */ static struct gdbarch * avr_gdbarch_init (struct gdbarch_info info, struct gdbarch_list *arches) { struct gdbarch *gdbarch; struct gdbarch_tdep *tdep; struct gdbarch_list *best_arch; int call_length; /* Avr-6 call instructions save 3 bytes. */ switch (info.bfd_arch_info->mach) { case bfd_mach_avr1: case bfd_mach_avr2: case bfd_mach_avr3: case bfd_mach_avr4: case bfd_mach_avr5: default: call_length = 2; break; case bfd_mach_avr6: call_length = 3; break; } /* If there is already a candidate, use it. */ for (best_arch = gdbarch_list_lookup_by_info (arches, &info); best_arch != NULL; best_arch = gdbarch_list_lookup_by_info (best_arch->next, &info)) { if (gdbarch_tdep (best_arch->gdbarch)->call_length == call_length) return best_arch->gdbarch; } /* None found, create a new architecture from the information provided. */ tdep = XMALLOC (struct gdbarch_tdep); gdbarch = gdbarch_alloc (&info, tdep); tdep->call_length = call_length; /* Create a type for PC. We can't use builtin types here, as they may not be defined. */ tdep->void_type = arch_type (gdbarch, TYPE_CODE_VOID, 1, "void"); tdep->func_void_type = make_function_type (tdep->void_type, NULL); tdep->pc_type = arch_type (gdbarch, TYPE_CODE_PTR, 4, NULL); TYPE_TARGET_TYPE (tdep->pc_type) = tdep->func_void_type; TYPE_UNSIGNED (tdep->pc_type) = 1; set_gdbarch_short_bit (gdbarch, 2 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_int_bit (gdbarch, 2 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_long_bit (gdbarch, 4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_long_long_bit (gdbarch, 8 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_ptr_bit (gdbarch, 2 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_addr_bit (gdbarch, 32); set_gdbarch_float_bit (gdbarch, 4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_double_bit (gdbarch, 4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_long_double_bit (gdbarch, 4 * TARGET_CHAR_BIT); set_gdbarch_float_format (gdbarch, floatformats_ieee_single); set_gdbarch_double_format (gdbarch, floatformats_ieee_single); set_gdbarch_long_double_format (gdbarch, floatformats_ieee_single); set_gdbarch_read_pc (gdbarch, avr_read_pc); set_gdbarch_write_pc (gdbarch, avr_write_pc); set_gdbarch_num_regs (gdbarch, AVR_NUM_REGS); set_gdbarch_sp_regnum (gdbarch, AVR_SP_REGNUM); set_gdbarch_pc_regnum (gdbarch, AVR_PC_REGNUM); set_gdbarch_register_name (gdbarch, avr_register_name); set_gdbarch_register_type (gdbarch, avr_register_type); set_gdbarch_num_pseudo_regs (gdbarch, AVR_NUM_PSEUDO_REGS); set_gdbarch_pseudo_register_read (gdbarch, avr_pseudo_register_read); set_gdbarch_pseudo_register_write (gdbarch, avr_pseudo_register_write); set_gdbarch_return_value (gdbarch, avr_return_value); set_gdbarch_print_insn (gdbarch, print_insn_avr); set_gdbarch_push_dummy_call (gdbarch, avr_push_dummy_call); set_gdbarch_dwarf2_reg_to_regnum (gdbarch, avr_dwarf_reg_to_regnum); set_gdbarch_address_to_pointer (gdbarch, avr_address_to_pointer); set_gdbarch_pointer_to_address (gdbarch, avr_pointer_to_address); set_gdbarch_integer_to_address (gdbarch, avr_integer_to_address); set_gdbarch_skip_prologue (gdbarch, avr_skip_prologue); set_gdbarch_inner_than (gdbarch, core_addr_lessthan); set_gdbarch_breakpoint_from_pc (gdbarch, avr_breakpoint_from_pc); frame_unwind_append_unwinder (gdbarch, &avr_frame_unwind); frame_base_set_default (gdbarch, &avr_frame_base); set_gdbarch_dummy_id (gdbarch, avr_dummy_id); set_gdbarch_unwind_pc (gdbarch, avr_unwind_pc); set_gdbarch_unwind_sp (gdbarch, avr_unwind_sp); return gdbarch; } /* Send a query request to the avr remote target asking for values of the io registers. If args parameter is not NULL, then the user has requested info on a specific io register [This still needs implemented and is ignored for now]. The query string should be one of these forms: "Ravr.io_reg" -> reply is "NN" number of io registers "Ravr.io_reg:addr,len" where addr is first register and len is number of registers to be read. The reply should be "<NAME>,VV;" for each io register where, <NAME> is a string, and VV is the hex value of the register. All io registers are 8-bit. */ static void avr_io_reg_read_command (char *args, int from_tty) { LONGEST bufsiz = 0; gdb_byte *buf; char query[400]; char *p; unsigned int nreg = 0; unsigned int val; int i, j, k, step; /* Find out how many io registers the target has. */ bufsiz = target_read_alloc (¤t_target, TARGET_OBJECT_AVR, "avr.io_reg", &buf); if (bufsiz <= 0) { fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stderr, _("ERR: info io_registers NOT supported " "by current target\n")); return; } if (sscanf (buf, "%x", &nreg) != 1) { fprintf_unfiltered (gdb_stderr, _("Error fetching number of io registers\n")); xfree (buf); return; } xfree (buf); reinitialize_more_filter (); printf_unfiltered (_("Target has %u io registers:\n\n"), nreg); /* only fetch up to 8 registers at a time to keep the buffer small */ step = 8; for (i = 0; i < nreg; i += step) { /* how many registers this round? */ j = step; if ((i+j) >= nreg) j = nreg - i; /* last block is less than 8 registers */ snprintf (query, sizeof (query) - 1, "avr.io_reg:%x,%x", i, j); bufsiz = target_read_alloc (¤t_target, TARGET_OBJECT_AVR, query, &buf); p = buf; for (k = i; k < (i + j); k++) { if (sscanf (p, "%[^,],%x;", query, &val) == 2) { printf_filtered ("[%02x] %-15s : %02x\n", k, query, val); while ((*p != ';') && (*p != '\0')) p++; p++; /* skip over ';' */ if (*p == '\0') break; } } xfree (buf); } } extern initialize_file_ftype _initialize_avr_tdep; /* -Wmissing-prototypes */ void _initialize_avr_tdep (void) { register_gdbarch_init (bfd_arch_avr, avr_gdbarch_init); /* Add a new command to allow the user to query the avr remote target for the values of the io space registers in a saner way than just using `x/NNNb ADDR`. */ /* FIXME: TRoth/2002-02-18: This should probably be changed to 'info avr io_registers' to signify it is not available on other platforms. */ add_cmd ("io_registers", class_info, avr_io_reg_read_command, _("query remote avr target for io space register values"), &infolist); }