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@node Stdio @chapter Input and Output (@file{stdio.h}) This chapter comprises functions to manage files or other input/output streams. Among these functions are subroutines to generate or scan strings according to specifications from a format string. The underlying facilities for input and output depend on the host system, but these functions provide a uniform interface. The corresponding declarations are in @file{stdio.h}. The reentrant versions of these functions use macros @example _stdin_r(@var{reent}) _stdout_r(@var{reent}) _stderr_r(@var{reent}) @end example @noindent instead of the globals @code{stdin}, @code{stdout}, and @code{stderr}. The argument <[reent]> is a pointer to a reentrancy structure. @menu * clearerr:: Clear file or stream error indicator * diprintf:: Print to a file descriptor (integer only) * dprintf:: Print to a file descriptor * fclose:: Close a file * fcloseall:: Close all files * fdopen:: Turn an open file into a stream * feof:: Test for end of file * ferror:: Test whether read/write error has occurred * fflush:: Flush buffered file output * fgetc:: Get a character from a file or stream * fgetpos:: Record position in a stream or file * fgets:: Get character string from a file or stream * fgetwc:: Get a wide character from a file or stream * fgetws:: Get a wide character string from a file or stream * fileno:: Get file descriptor associated with stream * fmemopen:: Open a stream around a fixed-length buffer * fopen:: Open a file * fopencookie:: Open a stream with custom callbacks * fpurge:: Discard all pending I/O on a stream * fputc:: Write a character on a stream or file * fputs:: Write a character string in a file or stream * fputwc:: Write a wide character to a file or stream * fputws:: Write a wide character string to a file or stream * fread:: Read array elements from a file * freopen:: Open a file using an existing file descriptor * fseek:: Set file position * fsetpos:: Restore position of a stream or file * ftell:: Return position in a stream or file * funopen:: Open a stream with custom callbacks * fwide:: Set and determine the orientation of a FILE stream * fwrite:: Write array elements from memory to a file or stream * getc:: Get a character from a file or stream (macro) * getc_unlocked:: Get a character from a file or stream (macro) * getchar:: Get a character from standard input (macro) * getchar_unlocked:: Get a character from standard input (macro) * getdelim:: Get character string from a file or stream * getline:: Get character string from a file or stream * gets:: Get character string from standard input (obsolete) * getw:: Get a word (int) from a file or stream * getwchar:: Get a wide character from standard input * mktemp:: Generate unused file name * open_memstream:: Open a write stream around an arbitrary-length buffer * perror:: Print an error message on standard error * putc:: Write a character on a stream or file (macro) * putc_unlocked:: Write a character on a stream or file (macro) * putchar:: Write a character on standard output (macro) * putchar_unlocked:: Write a character on standard output (macro) * puts:: Write a character string on standard output * putw:: Write a word (int) to a file or stream * putwchar:: Write a wide character to standard output * remove:: Delete a file's name * rename:: Rename a file * rewind:: Reinitialize a file or stream * setbuf:: Specify full buffering for a file or stream * setbuffer:: Specify full buffering for a file or stream with size * setlinebuf:: Specify line buffering for a file or stream * setvbuf:: Specify buffering for a file or stream * siprintf:: Write formatted output (integer only) * siscanf:: Scan and format input (integer only) * sprintf:: Write formatted output * sscanf:: Scan and format input * swprintf:: Write formatted wide character output * swscanf:: Scan and format wide character input * tmpfile:: Create a temporary file * tmpnam:: Generate name for a temporary file * ungetc:: Push data back into a stream * ungetwc:: Push wide character data back into a stream * vfprintf:: Format variable argument list * vfscanf:: Scan variable argument list * vfwprintf:: Format variable wide character argument list * vfwscanf:: Scan and format argument list from wide character input * viprintf:: Format variable argument list (integer only) * viscanf:: Scan variable format list (integer only) @end menu @page @include stdio/clearerr.def @page @include stdio/diprintf.def @page @include stdio/dprintf.def @page @include stdio/fclose.def @page @include stdio/fcloseall.def @page @include stdio/fdopen.def @page @include stdio/feof.def @page @include stdio/ferror.def @page @include stdio/fflush.def @page @include stdio/fgetc.def @page @include stdio/fgetpos.def @page @include stdio/fgets.def @page @include stdio/fgetwc.def @page @include stdio/fgetws.def @page @include stdio/fileno.def @page @include stdio/fmemopen.def @page @include stdio/fopen.def @page @include stdio/fopencookie.def @page @include stdio/fpurge.def @page @include stdio/fputc.def @page @include stdio/fputs.def @page @include stdio/fputwc.def @page @include stdio/fputws.def @page @include stdio/fread.def @page @include stdio/freopen.def @page @include stdio/fseek.def @page @include stdio/fsetpos.def @page @include stdio/ftell.def @page @include stdio/funopen.def @page @include stdio/fwide.def @page @include stdio/fwrite.def @page @include stdio/getc.def @page @include stdio/getc_u.def @page @include stdio/getchar.def @page @include stdio/getchar_u.def @page @include stdio/getdelim.def @page @include stdio/getline.def @page @include stdio/gets.def @page @include stdio/getw.def @page @include stdio/getwchar.def @page @include stdio/mktemp.def @page @include stdio/open_memstream.def @page @include stdio/perror.def @page @include stdio/putc.def @page @include stdio/putc_u.def @page @include stdio/putchar.def @page @include stdio/putchar_u.def @page @include stdio/puts.def @page @include stdio/putw.def @page @include stdio/putwchar.def @page @include stdio/remove.def @page @include stdio/rename.def @page @include stdio/rewind.def @page @include stdio/setbuf.def @page @include stdio/setbuffer.def @page @include stdio/setlinebuf.def @page @include stdio/setvbuf.def @page @include stdio/siprintf.def @page @include stdio/siscanf.def @page @include stdio/sprintf.def @page @include stdio/sscanf.def @page @include stdio/swprintf.def @page @include stdio/swscanf.def @page @include stdio/tmpfile.def @page @include stdio/tmpnam.def @page @include stdio/ungetc.def @page @include stdio/ungetwc.def @page @include stdio/vfprintf.def @page @include stdio/vfscanf.def @page @include stdio/vfwprintf.def @page @include stdio/vfwscanf.def @page @include stdio/viprintf.def @page @include stdio/viscanf.def