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>Making a Package Distribution</TITLE
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>The <SPAN
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>eCos</SPAN
> Component Writer's Guide</TH
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><A
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>Chapter 2. Package Organization</TD
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="PACKAGE.DISTRIB">Making a Package Distribution</H1
><P
>Developers of new <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> packages are advised to distribute their
packages in the form of <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> package distribution files. Packages
distributed in this format may be added to existing <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> component
repositories in a robust manner using the Package Administration Tool.
This chapter describes the format of package distribution files and
details how to prepare an eCos package for distribution in this format.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="PACKAGE.DISTRIB.FORMAT">The <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> package distribution file format</H2
><P
>eCos package distribution files are gzipped GNU tar archives which
contain both the source code for one or more <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> packages and a
data file containing package information to be added to the component
repository database. The distribution files are subject to the
following rules:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="a"
><LI
><P
>The data file must be named <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pkgadd.db</TT
> and must be
located in the root of the tar archive. It must contain data in a
format suitable for appending to the eCos repository database
(<SPAN
CLASS="DATABASE"
>ecos.db</SPAN
>). <A
HREF="language.database.html"
>the Section called <I
>Updating the <SPAN
CLASS="DATABASE"
>ecos.db</SPAN
> database</I
> in Chapter 3</A
>
describes this data format. Note that a database consistency check is
performed by the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> Administration Tool when
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pkgadd.db</TT
> has been appended to the database. Any
new target entries which refer to unknown packages will be removed at
this stage.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>The package source code must be placed in one or more <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><package-path>/<version></TT
>
directories in the tar archive, where each <package-path>
directory path is specified as the directory attribute of one of the
packages entries in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pkgadd.db</TT
>.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>An optional license agreement file named
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>pkgadd.txt</TT
> may be placed in the root of the tar
archive. It should contain text with a maximum line length of 79
characters. If this file exists, the contents will be presented to the
user during installation of the package. The <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> Package
Administration Tool will then prompt the user with the question
<TT
CLASS="PROMPT"
>"Do you accept all the terms of the preceding license
agreement?"</TT
>. The user must respond
<TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>"yes"</B
></TT
> to this prompt in order to proceed with
the installation.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Optional template files may be placed in one or more <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>templates/<template_name></TT
>
directories in the tar archive. Note that such template files would be
appropriate only where the packages to be distributed have a complex
dependency relationship with other packages. Typically, a third party
package can be simply added to an eCos configuration based on an
existing core template and the provision of new templates would not be
appropriate. <A
HREF="advanced.html#ADVANCED.TEMPLATES"
>the Section called <I
>Templates</I
> in Chapter 6</A
> contains more
information on templates.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>The distribution file must be given a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.epk</TT
> (not
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.tar.gz</TT
>) file extension. The
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.epk</TT
> file extension serves to distinguish <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
>
package distributions files from generic gzipped GNU tar archives. It
also discourages users from attempting to extract the package from the
archive manually. The file browsing dialog of the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> Package
Administration Tool lists only those files which have a
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.epk</TT
> extension.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>No other files should be present in the archive.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Files in the tar archive may use <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>LF</TT
> or
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CRLF</TT
> line endings interchangably. The <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
>
Administration Tool ensures that the installed files are given the
appropriate host-specific line endings.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Binary files may be placed in the archive, but the distribution of
object code is not recommended. All binary files must be given a
<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>.bin</TT
> suffix in addition to any file extension they
may already have. For example, the GIF image file
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>myfile.gif</TT
> must be named
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>myfile.gif.bin</TT
> in the archive. The
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bin</TT
> suffix is removed during file extraction and
is used to inhibit the manipulation of line endings by the <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
>
Administration Tool.</P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="PACKAGE.DISTRIB.PREPARE">Preparing eCos packages for distribution</H2
><P
>Development of new <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> packages or new versions of existing <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
>
packages will take place in the context of an existing <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
>
component repository. This section details the steps involved in
extracting new packages from a repository and generating a
corresponding <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> package distribution file for distribution of the
packages to other <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>eCos</SPAN
> users. The steps required are as follows:</P
><P
></P
><OL
TYPE="a"
><LI
><P
>Create a temporary directory <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>$PKGTMP</TT
> for manipulation of the package
distribution file contents and copy the source files of the new
packages into this directory, preserving the relative path to the
package. In the case of a new package at <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>mypkg/current</TT
> in the repository:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ mkdir -p $PKGTMP/mypkg
$ cp -p -R $ECOS_REPOSITORY/mypkg/current $PKGTMP/mypkg</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>Where more than one package is to be distributed in a single package
distribution file, copy each package in the above manner. Note that
multiple packages distributed in a single package distribution file
cannot be installed separately. Where such flexibility is required,
distribution of each new package in separate package distribution files
is recommended.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Copy any template files associated with the distributed packages into
the temporary directory, preserving the relative path to the template.
For example:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ mkdir -p $PKGTMP/templates
$ cp -p -R $ECOS_REPOSITORY/templates/mytemplate $PKGTMP/templates</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></LI
><LI
><P
>Remove any files from the temporary directory hierarchy which you do
not want to distribute with the packages (eg object files, <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>CVS</TT
> directories).</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Add a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bin</TT
> suffix to the name of any binary
files. For example, if the packages contains GIF image files (*.gif)
for documentation purposes, such files must be renamed to *.gif.bin as
follows:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ find $PKGTMP -type f -name '*.gif' -exec mv {} {}.bin ';'</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.bin</TT
> suffix is removed during file extraction
and is used to inhibit the manipulation of line endings by the eCos
Package Administration Tool.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Extract the package records for the new packages from the package
database file at <SPAN
CLASS="DATABASE"
>$ECOS_REPOSITORY/ecos.db</SPAN
> and
create a new file containing these records at
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>$PKGTMP/pkgadd.db</TT
> (in the root of the temporary
directory hierarchy). Any target records which reference the
distributed packages must also be provided in pkgadd.db.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Rename the version directories under <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>$PKGTMP</TT
> (typically <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>current</TT
> during development) to reflect
the versions of the packages you are distributing. For example,
version 1.0 of a package may use the version directory name <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>v1_0</TT
>:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ cd $PKGTMP/mypkg
$ mv current v1_0</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
><A
HREF="package.versions.html"
>the Section called <I
>Package Versioning</I
></A
> describes the version naming
conventions.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Rename any template files under <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>$PKGTMP</TT
> (typically
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>current.ect</TT
> during development) to reflect the
version of the template you are distributing. For example, version 1.0
of a template may use the filename <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>v1_0.ect</TT
>:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ cd $PKGTMP/templates/mytemplate
$ mv current.ect v1_0.ect</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>It is also important to edit the contents of the template file, changing
the version of each referenced package to match that of the packages you
are distributing. This step will eliminate version warnings during the
subsequent loading of the template.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Optionally create a licence agreement file at
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>$PKGTMP/pkgadd.txt</TT
> containing the licensing terms
under which you are distributing the new packages. Limit each line in
this file to a maximum of 79 characters.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Create a GNU tar archive of the temporary directory hierarchy. By
convention, this archive would have a name of the form
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
><package_name>-<version></TT
>:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ cd $PKGTMP
$ tar cf mypkg-1.0.tar *</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>Note that non-GNU version of tar may create archive files which exhibit
subtle incompatibilities with GNU tar. For this reason, always use GNU
tar to create the archive file.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Compress the archive using gzip and give the resulting file a
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.epk</TT
> file extension:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
> $ gzip mypkg-1.0.tar
$ mv mypkg-1.0.tar.gz mypkg-1.0.epk</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>The resulting eCos package distribution file (*.epk) is in a compressed
format and may be distributed without further compression.</P
></LI
></OL
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