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>Configuring the RedBoot Environment</TITLE
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><A
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>Chapter 1. Getting Started with RedBoot</TD
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CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="CONFIGURING-THE-REDBOOT-ENVIRONMENT">Configuring the RedBoot Environment</H1
><P
>Once installed, RedBoot will operate fairly generically. However,
there are some features that can be configured for a particular installation.
These depend primarily on whether flash and/or networking support are available. The remainder
of this discussion assumes that support for both of these options is included
in RedBoot.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="TARGET-NETWORK-CONFIGURATION">Target Network Configuration</H2
><P
>Each node in a networked
system needs to have a unique address. Since the network support in RedBoot
is based on TCP/IP, this address
is an IP (Internet Protocol) address. There are two ways for a system to “know”
its IP address. First, it can be stored locally on the platform. This is known
as having a static IP address. Second, the system can use the network itself
to discover its IP address. This is known as a dynamic IP address. RedBoot
supports this dynamic IP address mode by use of the BOOTP (a subset of DHCP) protocol. In this case, RedBoot will ask the network (actually
some generic server on the network) for the IP address to use.</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>NOTE: </B
>Currently, RedBoot only supports BOOTP. In future releases, DHCP may
also be supported, but such support will be limited to additional data items,
not lease-based address allocation.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
>The choice of IP
address type is made via the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>fconfig</B
> command. Once a selection
is made, it will be stored in flash memory. RedBoot only queries the flash
configuration information at reset, so any changes will require restarting
the platform.</P
><P
>Here is an example of the RedBoot <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>fconfig</B
>
command, showing network addressing: </P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>RedBoot> <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>fconfig -l</B
></TT
>
Run script at boot: false
Use BOOTP for network configuration: false
Local IP address: 192.168.1.29
Default server IP address: 192.168.1.101
DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.1
GDB connection port: 9000
Network debug at boot time: false </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>In this case, the board has been configured with a static IP address
listed as the Local IP address. The default server IP address specifies which
network node to communicate with for TFTP service. This address can be overridden
directly in the TFTP
commands.</P
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>DNS server IP address</TT
> option
controls where RedBoot should make DNS lookups. A setting of 0.0.0.0 will disable DNS
lookups. The DNS server IP address can also be set at runtime.</P
><P
>If the selection for <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>Use BOOTP for network configuration</TT
> had been <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>true</TT
>, these IP
addresses would be determined at boot time, via the BOOTP protocol. The final
number which needs to be configured, regardless of IP address selection mode,
is the <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>GDB connection port</TT
>. RedBoot allows for incoming commands
on either the available serial ports or via the network. This port number
is the TCP port that RedBoot will use to accept incoming connections. </P
><P
>These connections can be used for GDB sessions, but they can also be
used for generic RedBoot commands. In particular, it is possible to communicate
with RedBoot via the telnet
protocol. For example, on Linux®: </P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>% telnet redboot_board 9000
Connected to redboot_board
Escape character is ‘^]’.
RedBoot> </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN2722">Host Network Configuration</H2
><P
>RedBoot
may require three different classes of service from a network host: </P
><P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>dynamic IP address allocation, using BOOTP </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>TFTP service for file downloading </P
></LI
><LI
><P
>DNS server for hostname lookups </P
></LI
></UL
><P
>Depending on the host system, these services may or may not be available
or enabled by default. See your system documentation for more details.</P
><P
>In particular, on Red Hat Linux, neither of these services will be configured
out of the box. The following will provide a limited explanation of how to
set them up. These configuration setups must be done as <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>root</TT
> on the host or server machine.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN2743">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 6.2</H3
><DIV
CLASS="PROCEDURE"
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Ensure that
you have the tftp-server RPM package installed. By default, this installs
the TFTP server in a disabled state. These steps will enable it:</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Make sure that the following line is uncommented in the control
file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/inetd.conf</TT
> <TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
></P
></LI
><LI
><P
>If it was necessary to change the line in Step 2, then the inetd
server must be restarted, which can be done via the command: <TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
># service inet reload</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN2762">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 7 (or newer)</H3
><DIV
CLASS="PROCEDURE"
><OL
TYPE="1"
><LI
><P
>Ensure that the
xinetd RPM is installed.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Ensure that the tftp-server RPM is installed.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Enable TFTP by means of the following: <TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>/sbin/chkconfig tftp on</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>Reload the xinetd configuration using the command:<TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
> /sbin/service xinetd reload </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>Create the directory /tftpboot
using the command <TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>mkdir /tftpboot</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></LI
></OL
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>NOTE: </B
>Under Red Hat 7 you must address files by absolute pathnames, for example: <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tftpboot/boot.img</TT
> not <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/boot.img</TT
>, as you may have done with
other implementations.
On systems newer than Red Hat 7 (7.1 and beyond), filenames are once again relative to the
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/tftpboot</TT
> directory.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN2786">Enable BOOTP/DHCP server on Red Hat Linux</H3
><P
>First, ensure that you have
the proper package, <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>dhcp</TT
> (not <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>dhcpd</TT
>) installed. The DHCP server provides Dynamic Host Configuration,
that is, IP address and other data to hosts on a network. It does this in
different ways. Next, there can be a fixed relationship between a certain
node and the data, based on that node’s unique Ethernet Station Address
(ESA, sometimes called a MAC address). The other possibility is simply to
assign addresses that are free. The sample DHCP configuration file shown does
both. Refer to the DHCP documentation for more details.</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2797"><P
><B
>Example 1-1. Sample DHCP configuration file</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>--------------- /etc/dhcpd.conf -----------------------------
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;
option domain-name-servers 198.41.0.4, 128.9.0.107;
option domain-name “bogus.com”;
allow bootp;
shared-network BOGUS {
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.101;
range 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254;
}
}
host mbx {
hardware ethernet 08:00:3E:28:79:B8;
fixed-address 192.168.1.20;
filename “/tftpboot/192.168.1.21/zImage”;
default-lease-time -1;
server-name “srvr.bugus.com”;
server-identifier 192.168.1.101;
option host-name “mbx”;
} </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>Once the DHCP package has been installed and the configuration file
set up, type:<TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
># <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>service dhcpd start</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN2803">Enable DNS server on Red Hat Linux</H3
><P
>First, ensure that you have the proper
RPM package, <TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>caching-nameserver</TT
>
installed. Then change the configuration
(in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
>) so that the
<TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>forwarders</TT
> point to the primary
nameservers for your machine, normally using the nameservers listed in
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/resolv.conf</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="EXAMPLE"
><A
NAME="AEN2813"><P
><B
>Example 1-2. Sample <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/named.conf</TT
> for Red Hat Linux 7.x</B
></P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>--------------- /etc/named.conf -----------------------------
// generated by named-bootconf.pl
options {
directory "/var/named";
/*
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged
* port by default.
*/
// query-source address * port 53;
forward first;
forwarders {
212.242.40.3;
212.242.40.51;
};
};
//
// a caching only nameserver config
//
// Uncomment the following for Red Hat Linux 7.2 or above:
// controls {
// inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };
// };
// include "/etc/rndc.key";
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
}; </PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
><P
>Make sure the server is started with the command:
<TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
># <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>service named start</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
> and is
started on next reboot with the command
<TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
># <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>chkconfig named on</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
>
Finally, you may wish to change
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/etc/resolv.conf</TT
> to use
<TT
CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT"
>127.0.0.1</TT
> as the nameserver for your
local machine.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT3"
><H3
CLASS="SECT3"
><A
NAME="AEN2824">RedBoot network gateway</H3
><P
>RedBoot cannot communicate with
machines on different subnets because it does not support routing. It always
assumes that it can get to an address directly, therefore it always tries
to ARP and then send packets directly to that unit. This means that whatever
it talks to must be on the same subnet. If you need to talk to a host on a
different subnet (even if it's on the same ‘wire’), you need to
go through an ARP proxy, providing that there is a Linux box connected to
the network which is able to route to the TFTP server. For example: <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><interface></I
></TT
>/proxy_arp </TT
>where <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
><interface></I
></TT
>should be replaced with whichever network interface
is directly connected to the board.</P
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN2834">Verification</H2
><P
>Once your network setup
has been configured, perform simple verification tests as follows: <P
></P
><UL
><LI
><P
>Reboot your system, to enable the setup, and then try to ‘ping’
the target board from a host.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Once communication has been established, try to ping
a host using the RedBoot ping command - both by IP address and hostname.</P
></LI
><LI
><P
>Try using the RedBoot load command to download a file
from a host.</P
></LI
></UL
></P
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