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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc. --> <!-- This material may be distributed only subject to the terms --> <!-- and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 --> <!-- or later (the latest version is presently available at --> <!-- http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). --> <!-- Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any --> <!-- standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior --> <!-- permission is obtained from the copyright holder. --> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Configuring the RedBoot Environment</TITLE ><meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+ "><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="eCos Reference Manual" HREF="ecos-ref.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Getting Started with RedBoot" HREF="getting-started-with-redboot.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="RedBoot Resource Usage" HREF="resource-usage.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="RedBoot Commands and Examples" HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="SECT1" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >eCos Reference Manual</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="resource-usage.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" >Chapter 1. Getting Started with RedBoot</TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT1" ><H1 CLASS="SECT1" ><A NAME="CONFIGURING-THE-REDBOOT-ENVIRONMENT">Configuring the RedBoot Environment</H1 ><P >Once installed, RedBoot will operate fairly generically. However, there are some features that can be configured for a particular installation. These depend primarily on whether flash and/or networking support are available. The remainder of this discussion assumes that support for both of these options is included in RedBoot.</P ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="TARGET-NETWORK-CONFIGURATION">Target Network Configuration</H2 ><P >Each node in a networked system needs to have a unique address. Since the network support in RedBoot is based on TCP/IP, this address is an IP (Internet Protocol) address. There are two ways for a system to “know” its IP address. First, it can be stored locally on the platform. This is known as having a static IP address. Second, the system can use the network itself to discover its IP address. This is known as a dynamic IP address. RedBoot supports this dynamic IP address mode by use of the BOOTP (a subset of DHCP) protocol. In this case, RedBoot will ask the network (actually some generic server on the network) for the IP address to use.</P ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >NOTE: </B >Currently, RedBoot only supports BOOTP. In future releases, DHCP may also be supported, but such support will be limited to additional data items, not lease-based address allocation.</P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ><P >The choice of IP address type is made via the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >fconfig</B > command. Once a selection is made, it will be stored in flash memory. RedBoot only queries the flash configuration information at reset, so any changes will require restarting the platform.</P ><P >Here is an example of the RedBoot <B CLASS="COMMAND" >fconfig</B > command, showing network addressing: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >RedBoot> <TT CLASS="USERINPUT" ><B >fconfig -l</B ></TT > Run script at boot: false Use BOOTP for network configuration: false Local IP address: 192.168.1.29 Default server IP address: 192.168.1.101 DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.1 GDB connection port: 9000 Network debug at boot time: false </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >In this case, the board has been configured with a static IP address listed as the Local IP address. The default server IP address specifies which network node to communicate with for TFTP service. This address can be overridden directly in the TFTP commands.</P ><P >The <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >DNS server IP address</TT > option controls where RedBoot should make DNS lookups. A setting of 0.0.0.0 will disable DNS lookups. The DNS server IP address can also be set at runtime.</P ><P >If the selection for <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >Use BOOTP for network configuration</TT > had been <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >true</TT >, these IP addresses would be determined at boot time, via the BOOTP protocol. The final number which needs to be configured, regardless of IP address selection mode, is the <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >GDB connection port</TT >. RedBoot allows for incoming commands on either the available serial ports or via the network. This port number is the TCP port that RedBoot will use to accept incoming connections. </P ><P >These connections can be used for GDB sessions, but they can also be used for generic RedBoot commands. In particular, it is possible to communicate with RedBoot via the telnet protocol. For example, on Linux®: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >% telnet redboot_board 9000 Connected to redboot_board Escape character is ‘^]’. RedBoot> </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="AEN2722">Host Network Configuration</H2 ><P >RedBoot may require three different classes of service from a network host: </P ><P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P >dynamic IP address allocation, using BOOTP </P ></LI ><LI ><P >TFTP service for file downloading </P ></LI ><LI ><P >DNS server for hostname lookups </P ></LI ></UL ><P >Depending on the host system, these services may or may not be available or enabled by default. See your system documentation for more details.</P ><P >In particular, on Red Hat Linux, neither of these services will be configured out of the box. The following will provide a limited explanation of how to set them up. These configuration setups must be done as <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >root</TT > on the host or server machine.</P ><DIV CLASS="SECT3" ><H3 CLASS="SECT3" ><A NAME="AEN2743">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 6.2</H3 ><DIV CLASS="PROCEDURE" ><OL TYPE="1" ><LI ><P >Ensure that you have the tftp-server RPM package installed. By default, this installs the TFTP server in a disabled state. These steps will enable it:</P ></LI ><LI ><P >Make sure that the following line is uncommented in the control file <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/inetd.conf</TT > <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="SCREEN" >tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></P ><P ></P ></LI ><LI ><P >If it was necessary to change the line in Step 2, then the inetd server must be restarted, which can be done via the command: <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" ># service inet reload</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></P ></LI ></OL ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT3" ><H3 CLASS="SECT3" ><A NAME="AEN2762">Enable TFTP on Red Hat Linux 7 (or newer)</H3 ><DIV CLASS="PROCEDURE" ><OL TYPE="1" ><LI ><P >Ensure that the xinetd RPM is installed.</P ></LI ><LI ><P >Ensure that the tftp-server RPM is installed.</P ></LI ><LI ><P >Enable TFTP by means of the following: <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >/sbin/chkconfig tftp on</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE >Reload the xinetd configuration using the command:<TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" > /sbin/service xinetd reload </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE >Create the directory /tftpboot using the command <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >mkdir /tftpboot</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></P ></LI ></OL ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NOTE" ><BLOCKQUOTE CLASS="NOTE" ><P ><B >NOTE: </B >Under Red Hat 7 you must address files by absolute pathnames, for example: <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/tftpboot/boot.img</TT > not <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/boot.img</TT >, as you may have done with other implementations. On systems newer than Red Hat 7 (7.1 and beyond), filenames are once again relative to the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/tftpboot</TT > directory.</P ></BLOCKQUOTE ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT3" ><H3 CLASS="SECT3" ><A NAME="AEN2786">Enable BOOTP/DHCP server on Red Hat Linux</H3 ><P >First, ensure that you have the proper package, <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >dhcp</TT > (not <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >dhcpd</TT >) installed. The DHCP server provides Dynamic Host Configuration, that is, IP address and other data to hosts on a network. It does this in different ways. Next, there can be a fixed relationship between a certain node and the data, based on that node’s unique Ethernet Station Address (ESA, sometimes called a MAC address). The other possibility is simply to assign addresses that are free. The sample DHCP configuration file shown does both. Refer to the DHCP documentation for more details.</P ><DIV CLASS="EXAMPLE" ><A NAME="AEN2797"><P ><B >Example 1-1. Sample DHCP configuration file</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >--------------- /etc/dhcpd.conf ----------------------------- default-lease-time 600; max-lease-time 7200; option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255; option domain-name-servers 198.41.0.4, 128.9.0.107; option domain-name “bogus.com”; allow bootp; shared-network BOGUS { subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 { option routers 192.168.1.101; range 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.254; } } host mbx { hardware ethernet 08:00:3E:28:79:B8; fixed-address 192.168.1.20; filename “/tftpboot/192.168.1.21/zImage”; default-lease-time -1; server-name “srvr.bugus.com”; server-identifier 192.168.1.101; option host-name “mbx”; } </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><P >Once the DHCP package has been installed and the configuration file set up, type:<TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="SCREEN" ># <TT CLASS="USERINPUT" ><B >service dhcpd start</B ></TT ></PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT3" ><H3 CLASS="SECT3" ><A NAME="AEN2803">Enable DNS server on Red Hat Linux</H3 ><P >First, ensure that you have the proper RPM package, <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >caching-nameserver</TT > installed. Then change the configuration (in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/named.conf</TT >) so that the <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >forwarders</TT > point to the primary nameservers for your machine, normally using the nameservers listed in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT >.</P ><DIV CLASS="EXAMPLE" ><A NAME="AEN2813"><P ><B >Example 1-2. Sample <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/named.conf</TT > for Red Hat Linux 7.x</B ></P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >--------------- /etc/named.conf ----------------------------- // generated by named-bootconf.pl options { directory "/var/named"; /* * If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want * to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source * directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked * questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged * port by default. */ // query-source address * port 53; forward first; forwarders { 212.242.40.3; 212.242.40.51; }; }; // // a caching only nameserver config // // Uncomment the following for Red Hat Linux 7.2 or above: // controls { // inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; }; // }; // include "/etc/rndc.key"; zone "." IN { type hint; file "named.ca"; }; zone "localhost" IN { type master; file "localhost.zone"; allow-update { none; }; }; zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN { type master; file "named.local"; allow-update { none; }; }; </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><P >Make sure the server is started with the command: <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="SCREEN" ># <TT CLASS="USERINPUT" ><B >service named start</B ></TT ></PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE > and is started on next reboot with the command <TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="SCREEN" ># <TT CLASS="USERINPUT" ><B >chkconfig named on</B ></TT ></PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE > Finally, you may wish to change <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/resolv.conf</TT > to use <TT CLASS="COMPUTEROUTPUT" >127.0.0.1</TT > as the nameserver for your local machine.</P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT3" ><H3 CLASS="SECT3" ><A NAME="AEN2824">RedBoot network gateway</H3 ><P >RedBoot cannot communicate with machines on different subnets because it does not support routing. It always assumes that it can get to an address directly, therefore it always tries to ARP and then send packets directly to that unit. This means that whatever it talks to must be on the same subnet. If you need to talk to a host on a different subnet (even if it's on the same ‘wire’), you need to go through an ARP proxy, providing that there is a Linux box connected to the network which is able to route to the TFTP server. For example: <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/<TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I ><interface></I ></TT >/proxy_arp </TT >where <TT CLASS="REPLACEABLE" ><I ><interface></I ></TT >should be replaced with whichever network interface is directly connected to the board.</P ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="SECT2" ><H2 CLASS="SECT2" ><A NAME="AEN2834">Verification</H2 ><P >Once your network setup has been configured, perform simple verification tests as follows: <P ></P ><UL ><LI ><P >Reboot your system, to enable the setup, and then try to ‘ping’ the target board from a host.</P ></LI ><LI ><P >Once communication has been established, try to ping a host using the RedBoot ping command - both by IP address and hostname.</P ></LI ><LI ><P >Try using the RedBoot load command to download a file from a host.</P ></LI ></UL ></P ></DIV ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="resource-usage.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="ecos-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="redboot-commands-and-examples.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >RedBoot Resource Usage</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="getting-started-with-redboot.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >RedBoot Commands and Examples</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >
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