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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc. --> <!-- This material may be distributed only subject to the terms --> <!-- and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 --> <!-- or later (the latest version is presently available at --> <!-- http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/). --> <!-- Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any --> <!-- standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior --> <!-- permission is obtained from the copyright holder. --> <HTML ><HEAD ><TITLE >Synthetic Target Ethernet Driver</TITLE ><meta name="MSSmartTagsPreventParsing" content="TRUE"> <META NAME="GENERATOR" CONTENT="Modular DocBook HTML Stylesheet Version 1.76b+ "><LINK REL="HOME" TITLE="eCos Reference Manual" HREF="ecos-ref.html"><LINK REL="UP" TITLE="Synthetic Target Ethernet Driver" HREF="devs-eth-synth-ecosynth-ref.html"><LINK REL="PREVIOUS" TITLE="Synthetic Target Ethernet Driver" HREF="devs-eth-synth-ecosynth-ref.html"><LINK REL="NEXT" TITLE="Synthetic Target Watchdog Device" HREF="devs-watchdog-synth-ref.html"></HEAD ><BODY CLASS="REFENTRY" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#0000FF" VLINK="#840084" ALINK="#0000FF" ><DIV CLASS="NAVHEADER" ><TABLE SUMMARY="Header navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TH COLSPAN="3" ALIGN="center" >eCos Reference Manual</TH ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="devs-eth-synth-ecosynth-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="80%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="bottom" ></TD ><TD WIDTH="10%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="bottom" ><A HREF="devs-watchdog-synth-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"></DIV ><H1 ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-SYNTH-ECOSYNTH">Synthetic Target Ethernet Driver</H1 ><DIV CLASS="REFNAMEDIV" ><A NAME="AEN18897" ></A ><H2 >Name</H2 >Synthetic Target Ethernet Support -- Allow synthetic target applications to perform ethernet I/O</DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="AEN18900" ></A ><H2 >Overview</H2 ><P >The synthetic target ethernet package can provide up to four network devices, <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT > to <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth3</TT >. These can be used directly by the eCos application or, more commonly, by a TCP/IP stack that is linked with the eCos application. Each eCos device can be mapped on to a real Linux network device. For example, if the Linux PC has two ethernet cards and <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth1</TT > is not currently being used by Linux itself, then one of the eCos devices can be mapped on to this Linux device. Alternatively, it is possible to map some or all of the eCos devices on to the ethertap support provided by the Linux kernel. </P ><P >The ethernet package depends on the I/O auxiliary provided by the synthetic target architectural HAL package. During initialization the eCos application will attempt to instantiate the desired devices, by sending a request to the auxiliary. This will load a Tcl script <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >ethernet.tcl</TT > that is responsible for handling the instantiation request and subsequent I/O operations, for example transmitting an ethernet packet. However, some of the low-level I/O operations cannot conveniently be done by a Tcl script so <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >ethernet.tcl</TT > will actually run a separate program <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > to interact with the Linux network device. </P ><DIV CLASS="INFORMALFIGURE" ><A NAME="AEN18910"><P ></P ><DIV CLASS="MEDIAOBJECT" ><P ><IMG SRC="overview.png" ALIGN="CENTER"></P ></DIV ><P ></P ></DIV ><P >On the target-side there are configuration options to control which network devices should be present. For many applications a single device will be sufficient, but if the final eCos application is something like a network bridge then the package can support multiple devices. On the host-side each eCos network device needs to be mapped on to a Linux one, either a real ethernet device or an ethertap device. This is handled by an entry in the target definition file: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { eth0 real eth1 eth1 ethertap tap3 00:01:02:03:FE:05 … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >The ethernet package also comes with support for packet logging, and provides various facilities for use by user Tcl scripts. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-INSTALL" ></A ><H2 >Installation</H2 ><P >Before a synthetic target eCos application can access ethernet devices it is necessary to build and install host-side support. The relevant code resides in the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >host</TT > subdirectory of the synthetic target ethernet package, and building it involves the standard <B CLASS="COMMAND" >configure</B >, <B CLASS="COMMAND" >make</B > and <B CLASS="COMMAND" >make install</B > steps. The build involves a new executable <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > which must be able to access a raw Linux network device. This is achieved by installing it suid root, so the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >make install</B > step has to be run with superuser privileges. </P ><DIV CLASS="CAUTION" ><P ></P ><TABLE CLASS="CAUTION" BORDER="1" WIDTH="100%" ><TR ><TD ALIGN="CENTER" ><B >Caution</B ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD ALIGN="LEFT" ><P >Installing <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > suid root introduces a potential security problem. Although normally <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > is executed only by the I/O auxiliary, theoretically it can be run by any program. Effectively it gives any user the ability to monitor all ethernet traffic and to inject arbitrary packets into the network. Also, as with any suid root programs there may be as yet undiscovered exploits. Users and system administrators should consider the risks before running <B CLASS="COMMAND" >make install</B >. </P ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><P >There are two main ways of building the host-side software. It is possible to build both the generic host-side software and all package-specific host-side software, including the ethernet support, in a single build tree. This involves using the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >configure</B > script at the toplevel of the eCos repository. For more information on this, see the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >README.host</TT > file at the top of the repository. Note that if you have an existing build tree which does not include the synthetic target ethernet support then it will be necessary to rerun the toplevel configure script: the search for appropriate packages happens at configure time. </P ><P >The alternative is to build just the host-side for this package. This requires a separate build directory, building directly in the source tree is disallowed. The <B CLASS="COMMAND" >configure</B > options are much the same as for a build from the toplevel, and the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >README.host</TT > file can be consulted for more details. It is essential that the ethernet support be configured with the same <TT CLASS="OPTION" >--prefix</TT > option as other eCos host-side software, especially the I/O auxiliary provided by the architectural synthetic target HAL package, otherwise the I/O auxiliary will be unable to locate the ethernet support. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-OPTIONS" ></A ><H2 >Target-side Configuration Options</H2 ><P >The target-side code can be configured to support up to four ethernet devices, <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT > to <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth3</TT >. By default <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT > is enabled if the configuration includes a TCP/IP stack, otherwise it is disabled. The other three devices are always disabled by default. If any of the devices are enabled then there will also be the usual configuration options related to building this package. Other options related to network devices, for example whether or not to use DHCP, are provided by the generic network device package. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-REAL" ></A ><H2 >Real Ethernet</H2 ><P >One obvious way of providing a synthetic target eCos application with ethernet I/O is to use a real ethernet device in the PC: transmitted packets go out on a real network, and packets on the network addressed to the right MAC address are passed on to eCos. This way synthetic target networking behaves just like networking on a real target with ethernet hardware. For example, if there is a DHCP server anywhere on the network then eCos will be able to contact it during networking startup and get hold of IP address information. </P ><P >Configuring the ethernet support to use a real ethernet device requires a simple entry in the target definition file: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { <eCos device> real <linux device> … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >For example, to map the eCos network device <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT > to the Linux device <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth1</TT >: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { eth0 real eth1 … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >It is not possible for an ethernet device to be shared by both the eCos TCP/IP stack and the Linux one: there would be no simple way to work out which stack incoming packets are intended for. In theory it might be possible to do some demultiplexing using distinct IP addresses, but it would be impossible to support some functionality such as DHCP. Therefore the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > program will refuse to access any ethernet device already in use. On a typical Linux system <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT > will be used for Linux networking, and the PC will have to be equipped with additional ethernet devices for use by eCos. </P ><P >The <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > program will access the hardware via the appropriate Linux device driver, so it is important that the system is set up such that the relevant module will be automatically loaded or is already loaded. The details of this will depend on the installed distribution and version, but typically it will involve an entry in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/modules.conf</TT >. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-ETHERTAP" ></A ><H2 >Ethertap</H2 ><P >The Linux kernel's ethertap facility provides a virtual network interface. A Linux application, for example the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > program, can open a special character device <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/dev/net/tun</TT >, perform various <TT CLASS="FUNCTION" >ioctl</TT > calls, and then <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >write</TT > and <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >read</TT > ethernet packets. When the device is opened the Linux kernel automatically creates a new network interface, for example <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >tap0</TT >. The Linux TCP/IP stack can be made to use this network interface like any other interface, receiving and transmitting ethernet packets. The net effect is a virtual network connecting just the Linux and eCos TCP/IP stacks, with no other nodes attached. By default all traffic remains inside this virtual network and is never forwarded to a real network. </P ><P >Support for the ethertap facility may or may not be provided automatically, depending on your Linux distribution and version. If your system does not have a device <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/dev/net/tun</TT > or a module <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >tun.o</TT > then the appropriate kernel documentation should be consulted, for example <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/usr/src/linux-2.4/Documentation/networking/tuntap.txt</TT >. If you are using an old Linux kernel then the ethertap functionality may be missing completely. When the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > program is configured and built, the <B CLASS="COMMAND" >configure</B > script will check for a file <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/usr/include/linux/if_tun.h</TT >. If that file is missing then <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > will be built without ethertap functionality, and only real ethernet interfaces will be supported. </P ><P >The target definition file is used to map eCos network devices on to ethertap devices. The simplest usage is: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { eth0 ethertap … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >The Linux kernel will automatically allocate the next available tap network interface. Usually this will be <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >tap0</TT > but if other software is using the ethertap facility, for example to implement a VPN, then a different number may be allocated. Usually it will be better to specify the particular tap device that should be used for each eCos device, for example: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { eth0 ethertap tap3 eth1 ethertap tap4 … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >The user now knows exactly which eCos device is mapped onto which Linux device, avoiding much potential confusion. Because the virtual devices are emulated ethernet devices, they require MAC addresses. There is no physical hardware to provide these addresses, so normally MAC addresses will be invented. That means that each time the eCos application is run it will have different MAC addresses, which makes it more difficult to compare the results of different runs. To get more deterministic behaviour it is possible to specify the MAC addresses in the target definition file: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { eth0 ethertap tap3 00:01:02:03:FE:05 eth1 ethertap tap4 00:01:02:03:FE:06 … }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >During the initialization phase the eCos application will instantiate the various network devices. This will cause the I/O auxiliary to load the <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >ethernet.tcl</TT > script and spawn <B CLASS="COMMAND" >rawether</B > processes, which in turn will <TT CLASS="FUNCTION" >open</TT > <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/dev/net/tun</TT > and perform the appropriate <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >ioctl</TT > calls. On the Linux side there will now be new network interfaces such as <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >tap3</TT >, and these can be configured like any other network interface using commands such as <B CLASS="COMMAND" >ifconfig</B >. In addition, if the Linux system is set up with hotplug support then it may be possible to arrange for the network interface to become active automatically. On a Red Hat Linux system this would require files such as <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-tap3</TT >, containing data like: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >DEVICE="tap3" BOOTPROTO="none" BROADCAST=10.2.2.255 IPADDR="10.2.2.1" NETMASK="255.255.255.0" NETWORK=10.2.2.0 ONBOOT="no"</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >This gives the Linux interface the address <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >10.2.2.1</TT > on the network <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >10.2.2.0</TT >. The eCos network device should be configured with a compatible address. One way of doing this would be to enable <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >CYGHWR_NET_DRIVER_ETH0_ADDRS</TT >, set <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >CYGHWR_NET_DRIVER_ETH0_ADDRS_IP</TT > to <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >10.2.2.2</TT >, and similarly update the <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >NETMASK</TT >, <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >BROADCAST</TT >, <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >GATEWAY</TT > and <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >SERVER</TT > configuration options. </P ><P >It should be noted that the ethertap facility provides a virtual network, and any packets transmitted by the eCos application will not appear on a real network. Therefore usually there will no accessible DHCP server, and eCos cannot use DHCP or BOOTP to obtain IP address information. Instead the eCos configuration should use manual or static addresses. </P ><P >An alternative approach would be to set up the Linux box as a network bridge, using commands like <B CLASS="COMMAND" >brctl</B > to connect the virtual network interface <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >tap3</TT > to a physical network interface such as <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >eth0</TT >. Any packets sent by the eCos application will get forwarded automatically to the real network, and some packets on the real network will get forwarded over the virtual network to the eCos application. Note that the eCos application might also get some packets that were not intended for it, but usually those will just be discarded by the eCos TCP/IP stack. The exact details of setting up a network bridge are left as an exercise to the reader. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-LOGGING" ></A ><H2 >Packet Logging</H2 ><P >The ethernet support comes with support for logging the various packets that are transferred, including a simple protocol analyser. This generates simple text output using the filter mechanisms provided by the I/O auxiliary, so it is possible to control the appearance and visibility of different types of output. For example the user might want to see IPv4 headers and all ICMPv4 and ARP operations, but not TCP headers or any of the packet data. </P ><P >The protocol analyser is not intended to be a fully functional analyser with knowledge of many different TCP/IP protocols, advanced search facilities, graphical traffic displays, and so on. Functionality like that is already provided by other tools such as <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >ethereal</SPAN > and <SPAN CLASS="APPLICATION" >tcpdump</SPAN >. Achieving similar levels of functionality would require a lot of work, for very little gain. It is still useful to have some protocol analysis functionality available because the output will be interleaved with other output, for example <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >printf</TT > calls from the application. That may make it easier to understand the sequence of events. </P ><P >One problem with logging ethernet traffic is that it can involve very large amounts of data. If the application is expected to run for a long time or is very I/O intensive then it is easy to end up with many megabytes. When running in graphical mode all the logging data will be held in memory, even data that is not currently visible. At some point the system will begin to run low on memory and performance will suffer. To avoid problems, the ethernet script maintains a flag that controls whether or not packet logging is active. The default is to run with logging disabled, but this can be changed in the target definition file: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { … logging 1 }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >The ethernet script will add a toolbar button that allows this flag to be changed at run-time, allowing the user to capture traffic for certain periods of time while the application continues running. </P ><P >The target definition file can contain the following entries for the various packet logging filters: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { … filter ether -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000080" filter arp -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000050" filter ipv4 -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000040" filter ipv6 -hide 1 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000040" filter icmpv4 -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000070" filter icmpv6 -hide 1 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000070" filter udp -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000030" filter tcp -hide 0 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000020" filter hexdata -hide 1 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000080" filter asciidata -hide 1 -background LightBlue -foreground "#000080" }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >All output will show the eCos network device, for example <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >eth0</TT >, and the direction relative to the eCos application. Some of the filters will show packet headers, for example <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ether</TT > gives details of the ethernet packet header and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >tcp</TT > gives information about TCP headers such as whether or not the SYN flag is set. The TCP and UDP filters will also show source and destination addresses, using numerical addresses and if possible host names. However, host names will only be shown if the host appears in <TT CLASS="FILENAME" >/etc/hosts</TT >: doing full DNS lookups while the data is being captured would add significantly to complexity and overhead. The <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >hexdata</TT > and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >asciidata</TT > filters show the remainder of the packets after the ethernet, IP and TCP or UDP headers have been stripped. </P ><P >Some of the filters will provide raw dumps of some of the packet data. Showing up to 1500 bytes of data for each packet would be expensive, and often the most interesting information is near the start of the packet. Therefore it is possible to set a limit on the number of bytes that will be shown using the target definition file. The default limit is 64 bytes. </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >synth_device ethernet { … max_show 128 }</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-GUI" ></A ><H2 >User Interface Additions</H2 ><P >When running in graphical mode the ethernet script extends the user interface in two ways: a button is added to the toolbar so that users can enable or disable packet logging; and an entry is added to the <SPAN CLASS="GUIMENU" >Help</SPAN > menu for the ethernet-specific documentation. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-ARGS" ></A ><H2 >Command Line Arguments</H2 ><P >The synthetic target ethernet support does not use any command line arguments. All configuration is handled through the target definition file. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-HOOKS" ></A ><H2 >Hooks</H2 ><P >The ethernet support defines two hooks that can be used by other scripts, especially user scripts: <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ethernet_tx</TT > and <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >ethernet_rx</TT >. The tx hook is called whenever eCos tries to transmit a packet. The rx hook is called whenever an incoming packet is passed to the eCos application. Note that this may be a little bit after the packet was actually received by the I/O auxiliary since it can buffer some packets. Both hooks are called with two arguments, the name of the network device and the packet being transferred. Typical usage might look like: </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" > proc my_tx_hook { arg_list } { set dev [lindex $arg_list 0] incr ::my_ethernet_tx_packets($dev) incr ::my_ethernet_tx_bytes($dev) [string length [lindex $arg_list 1]] } proc my_rx_hook { arg_list } { set dev [lindex $arg_list 0] incr ::my_ethernet_rx_packets($dev) incr ::my_ethernet_rx_bytes($dev) [string length [lindex $arg_list 1]] } synth::hook_add "ethernet_tx" my_tx_hook synth::hook_add "ethernet_rx" my_rx_hook</PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >The global arrays <TT CLASS="VARNAME" >my_ethernet_tx_packets</TT > etc. will now be updated whenever there is ethernet traffic. Other code, probably running at regular intervals by use of the Tcl <B CLASS="COMMAND" >after</B > procedure, can then use this information to update a graphical monitor of some sort. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="REFSECT1" ><A NAME="DEVS-ETH-ECOSYNTH-TCL" ></A ><H2 >Additional Tcl Procedures</H2 ><P >The ethernet support provides one additional Tcl procedure that can be used by other scripts; </P ><TABLE BORDER="5" BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0" WIDTH="70%" ><TR ><TD ><PRE CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING" >ethernet::devices_get_list </PRE ></TD ></TR ></TABLE ><P >This procedure returns a list of the ethernet devices that have been instantiated, for example <TT CLASS="LITERAL" >{eth0 eth1}</TT >. </P ></DIV ><DIV CLASS="NAVFOOTER" ><HR ALIGN="LEFT" WIDTH="100%"><TABLE SUMMARY="Footer navigation table" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="devs-eth-synth-ecosynth-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="P" >Prev</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="ecos-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="H" >Home</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="devs-watchdog-synth-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="N" >Next</A ></TD ></TR ><TR ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top" >Synthetic Target Ethernet Driver</TD ><TD WIDTH="34%" ALIGN="center" VALIGN="top" ><A HREF="devs-eth-synth-ecosynth-ref.html" ACCESSKEY="U" >Up</A ></TD ><TD WIDTH="33%" ALIGN="right" VALIGN="top" >Synthetic Target Watchdog Device</TD ></TR ></TABLE ></DIV ></BODY ></HTML >
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