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>Building and Running Sample Applications</TITLE
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><DIV
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><H1
><A
NAME="BUILDING-AND-RUNNING-SAMPLE-APPLIATIONS">Chapter 13. Building and Running Sample Applications</H1
><DIV
CLASS="TOC"
><DL
><DT
><B
>Table of Contents</B
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="building-and-running-sample-appliations.html#ECOS-HELLO-WORLD"
><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> Hello World</A
></DT
><DT
><A
HREF="sample-twothreads.html"
>A Sample Program with Two Threads</A
></DT
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></DIV
><P
>The example programs in this tutorial are included, along
with a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>Makefile</TT
>, in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>examples</TT
> directory
of the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> distribution. The first program you will run is a <SPAN
CLASS="emphasis"
><I
CLASS="EMPHASIS"
>hello
world</I
></SPAN
>-style application, then you will run a more complex
application that demonstrates the creation of threads and the use
of cyg_thread_delay(), and finally you will run
one that uses clocks and alarm handlers.</P
><P
>The <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>Makefile</TT
> depends on an externally
defined variable to find the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> library and header files. This
variable is <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INSTALL_DIR</TT
> and must be set to the
pathname of the install directory created in <A
HREF="using-configtool-windows-linux.html"
>the Section called <I
>Configuration Tool on Windows and Linux Quick Start</I
> in Chapter 11</A
>.</P
><P
><TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>INSTALL_DIR</TT
> may be either be set in the shell
environment or may be supplied on the command line. To set it in the
shell do the following in a <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>bash</B
> shell:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>$ export INSTALL_DIR=BASE_DIR/ecos-work/arm_install</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>You can then run <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>make</B
> without any extra parameters
to build the examples.</P
><P
>Alternatively, if you can do the following:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>$ make INSTALL_DIR=BASE_DIR/ecos-work/arm_install</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="ECOS-HELLO-WORLD"><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> Hello World</H1
><P
>The following code is found in the file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>hello.c</TT
>
in the <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>examples</TT
> directory: </P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN835"><SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> hello world program listing</H2
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>/* this is a simple hello world program */
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
printf("Hello, eCos world!\n");
return 0;
}</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>To compile this or any other program that is not part of the
<SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> distribution, you can follow the procedures described below. Type
this explicit compilation command (assuming your current working
directory is also where you built the <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>eCos</SPAN
> kernel):</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>$ <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TARGET-</I
></TT
>gcc -g -I<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>BASE_DIR</I
></TT
>/ecos-work/install/include hello.c -L<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>BASE_DIR</I
></TT
>/ecos-work/install/lib -Ttarget.ld -nostdlib</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>The compilation command above contains some standard GCC
options (for example, <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-g</TT
> enables debugging), as well
as some mention of paths
(<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-I<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>BASE_DIR</I
></TT
>/ecos-work/install/include</TT
> allows files
like <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>cyg/kernel/kapi.h</TT
> to be found, and
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-L<TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>BASE_DIR</I
></TT
>/ecos-work/install/lib</TT
> allows the linker to
find <TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-Ttarget.ld</TT
>). </P
><P
>The executable program will be called <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>a.out</TT
>. </P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>Some target systems require special options to be passed to
gcc to compile correctly for that system. Please examine the Makefile
in the examples directory to see if this applies to your target.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
><P
>You can now run the resulting program using GDB in exactly the
same the way you ran the test case before. The procedure will be the
same, but this time run
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
><TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TARGET-</I
></TT
>gdb</B
> specifying
<TT
CLASS="OPTION"
>-nw a.out</TT
> on the command line:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>$ <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>TARGET-</I
></TT
>gdb -nw a.out</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>For targets other than the synthetic linux target, you should
now run the usual GDB commands described earlier. Once this is done,
typing the command "continue" at the (gdb) prompt ("run" for
simulators) will allow the program to execute and print the string
"Hello, eCos world!" on your screen.</P
><P
>On the synthetic linux target, you may use the "run" command
immediately - you do not need to connect to the target, nor use the
"load" command.</P
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