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<!-- Copyright (C) 2003 Red Hat, Inc.                                -->
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>i386 PC Hardware Setup</TITLE
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>eCos User Guide</TH
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><TD
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><A
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>Prev</A
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>Appendix A. Target Setup</TD
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><DIV
CLASS="SECT1"
><H1
CLASS="SECT1"
><A
NAME="SETUP-I386-PC">i386 PC Hardware Setup</H1
><P
>eCos application on the PC can be run in three ways: via RedBoot,
loaded directly from a floppy disk, or loaded by the GRUB bootloader.</P
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN4408">RedBoot Support</H2
><P
>For information about setting up the PC to run with RedBoot,
consult the RedBoot User&quot;s Guide. If using serial debugging,
the serial line runs at 38400 baud 8-N-1 and should be connected
to the debug host using a null modem cable. If ethernet debugging
is required, an i82559 compatible network interface card, such as
an Intel EtherExpress Pro 10/100,  should be installed
on the target PC and connected to the development PC running GDB.
When RedBoot is configured appropriately to have an IP address set,
then GDB will be able to debug directly over TCP/IP to the
target PC.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN4411">Floppy Disk Support</H2
><P
>If an application is built with a startup type of FLOPPY, then it is
configured to be a self-booting image that must be written onto a
formatted floppy disk. This will erase any existing file system or
data that is already on the disk, so proceed
with caution.</P
><P
>To write an application to floppy disk, it must first be converted to
a pure binary format. This is done with the following command:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>i386-elf-objcopy -O binary app.elf app.bin</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>Here <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>app.elf</TT
> is the final linked application
executable, in ELF format (it may not have a <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>.elf</TT
>
extension). The file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>app.bin</TT
> is the resulting
pure binary file. This must be written to the floppy disk with the
following command:
<TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>dd conv=sync if=app.bin of=/dev/fd0</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></P
><P
>For NT Cygwin users, this can be done by first ensuring that the raw
floppy device is mounted as <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/dev/fd0</TT
>. To check if this
is the case, type the command <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mount</B
> at the Cygwin bash
prompt. If the floppy drive is already mounted, it will be listed as something
similar to the following line:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>  \\.\a: /dev/fd0 user binmode</PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>If this line is not listed, then mount the floppy drive using the command:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>mount -f -b //./a: /dev/fd0</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>To actually install the boot image on the floppy, use the command:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>dd conv=sync if=app.bin of=/dev/fd0</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>Insert this floppy in the A: drive of the PC to be used as a target
and ensure that the BIOS is configured to boot from A: by default. On reset,
the PC will boot from the floppy and the eCos application will load
itself and execute immediately.</P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>NOTE: </B
>Unreliable floppy media may cause the write to silently fail. This
can be determined if the RedBoot image does not correctly
boot. In such cases, the floppy should be (unconditionally) reformatted
using the <B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>fdformat</B
> command on Linux, or
<B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>format a: /u</B
> on DOS/Windows. If this fails, try a
different disk.</P
></BLOCKQUOTE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN4439">GRUB Bootloader Support</H2
><P
>If an application is built with the GRUB startup type, it is
configured to be loaded by the GRUB bootloader.</P
><P
>GRUB is an open source boot loader that supports many different
operating systems. It is available from
<A
HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/grub"
TARGET="_top"
>http://www.gnu.org/software/grub</A
>.
The latest version of GRUB should be downloaded from there and installed.
In Red Hat Linux version 7.2 and later it is the default bootloader
for Linux and therefore is already installed.</P
><P
>To install GRUB on a floppy disk from Linux you need to execute the
following commands:</P
><TABLE
BORDER="5"
BGCOLOR="#E0E0F0"
WIDTH="70%"
><TR
><TD
><PRE
CLASS="SCREEN"
>$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>mformat a:</B
></TT
>
$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>mount /mnt/floppy</B
></TT
>
$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>grub-install --root-directory=/mnt/floppy '(fd0)'</B
></TT
>
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /mnt/floppy/boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
 
(fd0)	/dev/fd0
$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>cp $ECOS_REPOSITORY/packages/hal/i386/pc/current/misc/menu.lst /mnt/floppy/boot/grub</B
></TT
>
$ <TT
CLASS="USERINPUT"
><B
>umount /mnt/floppy</B
></TT
></PRE
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
><P
>The file <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>menu.lst</TT
> is an example GRUB menu
configuration file. It contains menu items to load some of the
standard eCos tests from floppy or from partition zero of the first
hard disk. You should, of course, customize this file to load your own
application. Alternatively you can use the command-line interface of
GRUB to input commands yourself.</P
><P
>Applications can be installed, or updated simply by copying them to
the floppy disk at the location expected by the
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>menu.lst</TT
> file. For booting from floppy disks it
is recommended that the executable be stripped of all debug and symbol
table information before copying. This reduces the size of the file
and can make booting faster.</P
><P
>To install GRUB on a hard disk, refer to the GRUB documentation. Be
warned, however, that if you get this wrong it may compromise any
existing bootloader that exists on the hard disk and may make any
other operating systems unbootable. Practice on floppy disks or
sacrificial hard disks first. On machines running Red Hat Linux
version 7.2 and later, you can just add your own menu items to the
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/boot/grub/menu.lst</TT
> file that already exists.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECT2"
><H2
CLASS="SECT2"
><A
NAME="AEN4457">Debugging FLOPPY and GRUB Applications</H2
><P
>When RedBoot loads an application it also provides debugging services
in the form of GDB remote protocol stubs. When an application is
loaded stand-alone from a floppy disk, or by GRUB, these services are
not present. To allow these application to be debugged, it is possible
to include GDB stubs into the application.</P
><P
>To do this, set the &quot;Support for GDB stubs&quot;
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CYGDBG_HAL_DEBUG_GDB_INCLUDE_STUBS</TT
>) configuration
option. Following this any application built will allow GDB to connect
to the debug serial port (by default serial device 0, also known as
COM1) whenever the application takes an exception, or if a Control-C
is typed to the debug port. Ethernet debugging is not supported.</P
><P
>The option &quot;Enable initial breakpoint&quot;
(<TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CYGDBG_HAL_DEBUG_GDB_INITIAL_BREAK</TT
>) causes the HAL
to take a breakpoint immediately before calling cyg_start(). This
gives the developer a chance to set any breakpoints or inspect the
system state before it proceeds. The configuration sets this option by
default if GDB stubs are included, and this is not a RedBoot build. To
make the application execute immediately either disable this option,
or disable <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CYGDBG_HAL_DEBUG_GDB_INCLUDE_STUBS</TT
>.</P
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