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<!-- {{{ Banner --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- --><!-- redboot_cmds.sgml --><!-- --><!-- Documentation for RedBoot Commands --><!-- --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- ####COPYRIGHTBEGIN#### --><!-- --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- Copyright (C) 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Red Hat, Inc. --><!-- This material may be distributed only subject to the terms --><!-- and conditions set forth in the Open Publication License, v1.0 --><!-- or later (the latest version is presently available at --><!-- http://www.opencontent.org/openpub/) --><!-- Distribution of the work or derivative of the work in any --><!-- standard (paper) book form is prohibited unless prior --><!-- permission obtained from the copyright holder --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- --><!-- ####COPYRIGHTEND#### --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- #####DESCRIPTIONBEGIN#### --><!-- --><!-- ####DESCRIPTIONEND#### --><!-- =============================================================== --><!-- }}} --><chapter id="RedBoot-Commands-and-Examples"><title>RedBoot Commands and Examples</title><sect1><title>Introduction</title><para><indexterm><primary>RedBoot</primary><secondary>commands and examples</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>commands and examples</primary></indexterm>RedBoot provides three basic classes of commands: <itemizedlist><listitem><para>Program loading and execution</para></listitem><listitem><para>Flash image and configuration management</para></listitem><listitem><para>Miscellaneous commands</para></listitem></itemizedlist>Given the extensible and configurable nature of eCos and RedBoot,there may be extended or enhanced sets of commands available.</para><para>The basic format for commands is: <programlisting>RedBoot> COMMAND [-S]... [-s val]... operand</programlisting></para><para>Commands may require additional information beyond the basiccommand name. In most cases this additional information is optional, withsuitable default values provided if they are not present.<informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="3" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><thead><row><entry>Format</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Example</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-S</entry><entry>A boolean switch; the behavior of the command will differ, dependingon the presence of the switch. In this example, the <userinput>-f</userinput> switchindicates that a complete initialization of the FIS data should be performed.There may be many such switches available for any given command and any or all ofthem may be present, in any order.</entry><entry><computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>fis init -f</userinput></computeroutput></entry></row><row><entry>-s<replaceable> val</replaceable></entry><entry>A qualified value; the letter "s" introduces the value, qualifying it's meaning. In theexample, <userinput>-b 0x100000</userinput> specifies where the memory dump should begin.There may be many such switches available for any given command and any or all ofthem may be present, in any order.</entry><entry><computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput></computeroutput></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable> operand</replaceable></entry><entry>A simple value; some commands require a single parameter for which an additional<userinput>-X</userinput> switch would be redundant. In the example, <userinput>JFFS2</userinput>is the name of a flash image. The image name is always required, thus is no need to qualify it witha switch.Note that any un-qualified operand must always appear at the end of the command.</entry><entry><computeroutput> RedBoot> <userinput>fis delete JFFS2</userinput></computeroutput></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></para><para>The list of available commands, and their syntax, can be obtained bytyping <command>help</command> at the command line:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>help</userinput>Manage aliases kept in FLASH memoryalias name [value]Set/Query the system console baud ratebaudrate [-b <rate>]Manage machine cachescache [ON | OFF]Display/switch console channelchannel [-1|<channel number>]Display disk partitionsdisksDisplay (hex dump) a range of memorydump -b <location> [-l <length>] [-s]Manage flash imagesfis {cmds}Manage configuration kept in FLASH memoryfconfig [-i] [-l] [-n] [-f] [-d] | [-d] nickname [value]Execute code at a locationgo [-w <timeout>] [entry]Help about help?help [<topic>]Set/change IP addressesip_address [-l <local_ip_address>] [-h <server_address>]Load a fileload [-r] [-v] [-d] [-c <channel>] [-h <host>] [-m {TFTP | HTTP | {x|y}MODEM | disk}][-b <base_address>] <file_name>Network connectivity testping [-v] [-n <count>] [-t <timeout>] [-i <IP_addr]-h <host>Reset the systemresetDisplay RedBoot version informationversionDisplay (hex dump) a range of memoryx -b <location> [-l <length>] [-s]</screen></para><para>Commands can be abbreviated to their shortestunique string. Thus in the list above, <command>d,du,dum</command>and dump are all valid for the <command>dump</command> command. The <command>fconfig</command>command can be abbreviated <command>fc</command>, but<command>f</command> would be ambiguous with <command>fis</command>.</para><para>There is one additional, special command. When RedBoot detects '$' or '+'(unless escaped via '\') in a command, it switches to GDB protocol mode. At thispoint, the eCos GDB stubs take over, allowing connections from a GDB host.The only way to get back to RedBoot from GDB mode is to restart the platform.</para><note><title>NOTE</title><para>Multiple commands may be entered on a single line, separated by the semi-colon “;” character.</para></note><para>The standard RedBoot command set is structured around the bootstrapenvironment. These commands are designed to be simple to use and remember,while still providing sufficient power and flexibility to be useful. No attempthas been made to render RedBoot as the end-all product. As such, things suchas the debug environment are left to other modules, such as GDB stubs, whichare typically included in RedBoot. </para><para>The command set may be also be extended on a platform basis. </para></sect1><sect1 id="common-commands"><title>Common Commands</title><para><indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>common</secondary></indexterm></para><!-- ******** alias *************************************************** --><refentry id="alias-command"><refnamediv><refname>alias</refname><refpurpose>Manipulate command line aliases</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>alias</command><arg choice="req"><replaceable> name</replaceable></arg><arg><replaceable> value</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry><entry>Name</entry><entry>The name for this alias.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>value</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>Replacement value for the alias.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>alias</command> command is used to maintain simple commandline aliases. These aliases are shorthand for longer expressions.When the pattern %{name} appears in a command line, including in a script,the corresponding value will be substituted. Aliases may be nested.</para><para>If no value is provided, then the current value of the alias is displayed.</para><para>If the system supports non-volatile configuration data via the<command>fconfig</command> command (see <xref linkend="Persistent-State-Flash">),then the value will be saved and used when the system is reset.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Set an alias.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe "This is Joe"</userinput>Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n</screen></para><para>Display an alias.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe</userinput>'joe' = 'This is Joe'</screen></para><para>Use an alias. Note: the <command>"="</command> command simply echoes the command to to console.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>= %{joe}</userinput>This is Joe</screen></para><para>Aliases can be nested.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>alias frank "Who are you? %{joe}"</userinput>Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? nRedBoot> <userinput>= %{frank}</userinput>Who are you? This is Joe</screen></para><para>Notice how the value of %{frank} changes when %{joe} is changed sincethe value of %{joe} is not evaluated until %{frank} is evaluated.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>alias joe "This is now Josephine"</userinput>Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? nRedBoot> <userinput>= %{frank}</userinput>Who are you? This is now Josephine</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** baudrate *************************************************** --><refentry id="baudrate-command"><refnamediv><refname>baudrate</refname><refpurpose>Set the baud rate for the system serial console</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>baudrate</command><arg>-b<replaceable> rate</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b <replaceable>rate</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>The baud rate to use for the serial console.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>baudrate</command> command sets the baud rate for the system serial console.</para><para>If no value is provided, then the current value of the console baud rate is displayed.</para><para>If the system supports non-volatile configuration data via the<command>fconfig</command> command (see <xref linkend="Persistent-State-Flash">),then the value will be saved and used when the system is reset.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show the current baud rate.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>baudrate</userinput>Baud rate = 38400</screen></para><para>Change the console baud rate. In order to make this operation safer,there will be a slight pause after thefirst message to give you time to change to the new baud rate.If it doesn't work, or a less than affirmative answer is given to the"continue" prompt, then the baud rate will revert to the current value.Only after the baud rate has been firmly established will <emphasis>RedBoot</emphasis>give you an opportunity to save the value in persistent storage.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>baudrate -b 57600</userinput>Baud rate will be changed to 57600 - update your settings<emphasis>Device baud rate changed at this point</emphasis>Baud rate changed to 57600 - continue (y/n)? yUpdate RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? n</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** cache *************************************************** --><refentry id="cache-command"><refnamediv><refname>cache</refname><refpurpose>Control hardware caches</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>cache</command><group><arg>on</arg><arg>off</arg></group></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>on</entry><entry></entry><entry>Turn the caches on</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>off</entry><entry></entry><entry>Turn the caches off</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>cache</command> command is used to manipulate the caches on the processor. </para><para>With no options, this command specifies the state of the system caches.</para><para>When an option is given, the caches are turned off or on appropriately.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show the current cache state.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>Data cache: On, Instruction cache: On</screen></para><para>Disable the caches.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>cache off</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>Data cache: Off, Instruction cache: Off</screen></para><para>Enable the caches.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>cache on</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>cache</userinput>Data cache: On, Instruction cache: On</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** channel *************************************************** --><refentry id="channel-command"><refnamediv><refname>channel</refname><refpurpose>Select the system console channel</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>channel</command><group><arg>-1</arg><arg><replaceable>channel_number</replaceable></arg></group></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-1</entry><entry></entry><entry>Reset the console channel</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>channel_number</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Select a channel</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>With no arguments, the <command>channel</command> command displays the current console channel number.</para><para>When passed an argument of 0 upward, this command switches the consolechannel to that channel number. The mapping between channel numbers andphysical channels is platform specific but will typically be something likechannel 0 is the first serial port, channel 1 is the second, etc.</para><para>When passed an argument of -1, this command reverts RedBoot to respondingto whatever channel receives input first, as happens when RedBoot initiallystarts execution.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show the current channel.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>channel</userinput>Current console channel id: 0</screen></para><para>Change to an invalid channel.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>channel 99</userinput>**Error: bad channel number '99'</screen></para><para>Revert to the default channel setting (any console mode).<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>channel -1</userinput></screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** cksum *************************************************** --><refentry id="cksum-command"><refnamediv><refname>cksum</refname><refpurpose>Compute POSIX checksums</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>cksum</command><arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry><entry>Memory address</entry><entry>Location in memory for stat of data.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of data</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>Computes the POSIX checksum on a range of memory (either RAM or FLASH).The values printed (decimal cksum, decimal length, hexadecimal cksum,hexadecimal length) can be compared with the output from the Linux program 'cksum'.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Checksum a buffer.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>cksum -b 0x100000 -l 0x100</userinput>POSIX cksum = 3286483632 256 (0xc3e3c2b0 0x00000100)</screen></para><para>Checksum an area of memory after loading a file. Note that the baseaddress and length parameters are provided by the precedingload command.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>load -r -b %{FREEMEMLO} redboot.bin</userinput>Raw file loaded 0x06012800-0x0602f0a8RedBoot> <userinput>cksum</userinput>Computing cksum for area 0x06012800-0x0602f0a8POSIX cksum = 2092197813 116904 (0x7cb467b5 0x0001c8a8)</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** disks *************************************************** --><refentry id="disks-command"><refnamediv><refname>disks</refname><refpurpose>List available disk partitions.</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>disks</command></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><para>None.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>disks</command> command is used to list disk partitions recognized by RedBoot.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show what disk partitions are available.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>disks</userinput>hda1 Linux Swaphda2 Linux00100000: 00 3E 00 06 00 06 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.>..............|00100010: 00 00 00 78 00 70 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 |...x.p.`.`.`.`.`|</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** dump *************************************************** --><refentry id="dump-command"><refnamediv><refname>dump</refname><refpurpose>Display memory.</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>dump</command><arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg><arg>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg><arg>-s</arg><group><arg>-1</arg><arg>-2</arg><arg>-4</arg></group></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry><entry>Memory address</entry><entry>Location in memory for start of data.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of data</entry><entry>32</entry></row><row><entry>-s</entry><entry>Boolean</entry><entry>Format data using Motorola S-records.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry>-1</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-1</entry></row><row><entry>-2</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-1</entry></row><row><entry>-4</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry><entry>-1</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>Display a range of memory on the system console.</para><para>The <command>x</command> is a synonym for <command>dump</command>.</para><para>Note that this command couldbe detrimental if used on memory mapped hardware registers. </para><para>The memory is displayed at most sixteen bytes per line, first as theraw hex value, followed by an ASCII interpretation of the data. </para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Display a buffer, one byte at a time.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000</userinput>00100000: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE |................|00100010: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE |................|</screen></para><para>Display a buffer, one short (16 bit) word at a time. Note in this case thatthe ASCII interpretation is suppressed.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -2</userinput>00100000: FACE DEAD FACE DEAD FACE DEAD FACE DEAD00100010: FACE DEAD FACE DEAD FACE DEAD FACE DEAD</screen></para><para>Display a buffer, one word (32 bit) word at a time. Note in this case thatthe ASCII interpretation is suppressed.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -4</userinput>00100000: DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE00100010: DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE DEADFACE</screen></para><para>Display the same buffer, using Motorola S-record format.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>dump -b 0x100000 -s</userinput>S31500100000CEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDE8ES31500100010CEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDECEFAADDE7E</screen></para><para>Display a buffer, with visible ASCII strings.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>d -b 0xfe00b000 -l 0x80</userinput>0xFE00B000: 20 25 70 0A 00 00 00 00 41 74 74 65 6D 70 74 20 | %p.....Attempt |0xFE00B010: 74 6F 20 6C 6F 61 64 20 53 2D 72 65 63 6F 72 64 |to load S-record|0xFE00B020: 20 64 61 74 61 20 74 6F 20 61 64 64 72 65 73 73 | data to address|0xFE00B030: 3A 20 25 70 20 5B 6E 6F 74 20 69 6E 20 52 41 4D |: %p [not in RAM|0xFE00B040: 5D 0A 00 00 2A 2A 2A 20 57 61 72 6E 69 6E 67 21 |]...*** Warning!|0xFE00B050: 20 43 68 65 63 6B 73 75 6D 20 66 61 69 6C 75 72 | Checksum failur|0xFE00B060: 65 20 2D 20 41 64 64 72 3A 20 25 6C 78 2C 20 25 |e - Addr: %lx, %|0xFE00B070: 30 32 6C 58 20 3C 3E 20 25 30 32 6C 58 0A 00 00 |02lX <> %02lX...|0xFE00B080: 45 6E 74 72 79 20 70 6F 69 6E 74 3A 20 25 70 2C |Entry point: %p,|</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** help *************************************************** --><refentry id="help-command"><refnamediv><refname>help</refname><refpurpose>Display help on available commands</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>help</command><arg><replaceable> topic</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>topic</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>Which command to provide help for.</entry><entry>All commands</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>help</command> command displays information about the availableRedBoot commands. If a <emphasis>topic</emphasis> is given, then the displayis restricted to information about that specific command.</para><para>If the command has sub-commands, e.g. <command>fis</command>, then the topicspecific display will print additional information about the available sub-commands.special (ICMP) packets to a specific host. These packets should be automaticallyreturned by that host. The command will indicate how many of these round-tripswere successfully completed.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show generic help. Note that the contents of this display will depend on the various configurationoptions for RedBoot when it was built.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>help</userinput>Manage aliases kept in FLASH memoryalias name [value]Manage machine cachescache [ON | OFF]Display/switch console channelchannel [-1|<channel number>]Compute a 32bit checksum [POSIX algorithm] for a range of memorycksum -b <location> -l <length>Display (hex dump) a range of memorydump -b <location> [-l <length>] [-s] [-1|2|4]Manage FLASH imagesfis {cmds}Manage configuration kept in FLASH memoryfconfig [-i] [-l] [-n] [-f] [-d] | [-d] nickname [value]Execute code at a locationgo [-w <timeout>] [entry]Help about help?help [<topic>]Set/change IP addressesip_address [-l <local_ip_address>] [-h <server_address>]Load a fileload [-r] [-v] [-d] [-h <host>] [-m {TFTP | HTTP | {x|y}MODEM -c <channel_number>}][-b <base_address>] <file_name>Compare two blocks of memorymcmp -s <location> -d <location> -l <length> [-1|-2|-4]Fill a block of memory with a patternmfill -b <location> -l <length> -p <pattern> [-1|-2|-4]Network connectivity testping [-v] [-n <count>] [-l <length>] [-t <timeout>] [-r <rate>][-i <IP_addr>] -h <IP_addr>Reset the systemresetDisplay RedBoot version informationversionDisplay (hex dump) a range of memoryx -b <location> [-l <length>] [-s] [-1|2|4]</screen></para><para>Help about a command with sub-commands.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>help fis</userinput>Manage FLASH imagesfis {cmds}Create an imagefis create -b <mem_base> -l <image_length> [-s <data_length>][-f <flash_addr>] [-e <entry_point>] [-r <ram_addr>] [-n] <name>Display an image from FLASH Image System [FIS]fis delete nameErase FLASH contentsfis erase -f <flash_addr> -l <length>Display free [available] locations within FLASH Image System [FIS]fis freeInitialize FLASH Image System [FIS]fis init [-f]Display contents of FLASH Image System [FIS]fis list [-c] [-d]Load image from FLASH Image System [FIS] into RAMfis load [-d] [-b <memory_load_address>] [-c] nameWrite raw data directly to FLASHfis write -f <flash_addr> -b <mem_base> -l <image_length></screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** ip_address *************************************************** --><refentry id="ip-address-command"><refnamediv><refname>ip_address</refname><refpurpose>Set IP addresses</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>ip_address</command><arg>-l <replaceable> local_IP_address</replaceable></arg><arg>-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg><arg>-d <replaceable>DNS_server_IP_address</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-l <replaceable>local_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address RedBoot should use.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-h <replaceable>server_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address of the default server. Use of thisaddress is implied by other commands, such as<command>load</command>.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-d <replaceable>DNS_server_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address of the DNS server.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>ip_address</command> command is used to show and/or change the basic IPaddresses used by RedBoot. IP addresses may be given as numericvalues, e.g. 192.168.1.67, or as symbolic names such as www.redhat.comif DNS support is enabled.</para><para>The <option>-l</option> option is used to set the IP address used bythe target device.</para><para>The <option>-h</option> option is used to set the default serveraddress, such as is used by the <command>load</command> command.</para><para>The <option>-d</option> option is used to set the default DNS serveraddress which is used for resolving symbolic network addresses. Notethat an address of 0.0.0.0 will disable DNS lookups.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Display the current network settings.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address</userinput>IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.101, DNS server IP: 0.0.0.0</screen></para><para>Change the DNS server address.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address -d 192.168.1.101</userinput>IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.101, DNS server IP: 192.168.1.101</screen></para><para>Change the default server address.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>ip_address -h 192.168.1.104</userinput>IP: 192.168.1.31, Default server: 192.168.1.104, DNS server IP: 192.168.1.101</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** load *************************************************** --><refentry id="download-command"><refnamediv><refname>load</refname><refpurpose>Download programs or data to the RedBoot platform</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>load</command><arg>-v </arg><arg>-d </arg><arg>-r </arg><arg>-m<group><arg choice="req"><group><arg>xmodem</arg><arg>ymodem</arg></group></arg><arg>tftp</arg><arg>disk</arg></group></arg><arg>-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg><arg>-b <replaceable> location</replaceable></arg><arg>-c <replaceable> channel</replaceable></arg><arg><replaceable>file_name</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-v</entry><entry>Boolean</entry><entry>Display a small spinner (indicator)while the download is in progress. This is just for feedback, especiallyduring long loads. Note that the option has no effect when using aserial download method since it would interfere with the protocol.</entry><entry><emphasis>quiet</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-d</entry><entry>Boolean</entry><entry>Decompress data stream (gzip data)</entry><entry><emphasis>non-compressed data</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-r</entry><entry>Boolean</entry><entry>Raw (or binary) data</entry><entry><emphasis>formatted (S-records, ELF image, etc)</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-m tftp</entry><entry></entry><entry>Transfer data via the network using <acronym>TFTP</acronym> protocol.</entry><entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry></row><row><entry>-m http</entry><entry></entry><entry>Transfer data via the network using <acronym>HTTP</acronym> protocol.</entry><entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry></row><row><entry>-m xmodem</entry><entry></entry><entry>Transfer data using <emphasis>X-modem</emphasis> protocol.</entry><entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry></row><row><entry>-m ymodem</entry><entry></entry><entry>Transfer data using <emphasis>Y-modem</emphasis> protocol.</entry><entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry></row><row><entry>-m disk</entry><entry></entry><entry>Transfer data from a local disk.</entry><entry><acronym>TFTP</acronym></entry></row><row><entry>-h <replaceable>server_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address of the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym> server.</entry><entry>Value set by <command>ip_address</command></entry></row><row><entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address in memory to load the data. Formatted data streams will havean implied load address which this option may override.</entry><entry><emphasis>Depends on data format</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-c <replaceable>channel</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Specify which I/O channel touse for download. This option is only supported when using eitherxmodem or ymodem protocol.</entry><entry><emphasis>Depends on data format</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>file_name</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>The name of the file on the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym>server or the local disk. Details of how this is specified for <acronym>TFTP</acronym> arehost-specific. For local disk files, the name must be in <emphasis>disk</emphasis>:<emphasis>filename</emphasis> format. The disk portion must match one of the disknames listed by the <command>disks</command> command.</entry><entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>load</command> command is used to downloaddata into the target system. Data can be loaded via a network connection,using either the <acronym>TFTP</acronym> or <acronym>HTTP</acronym> protocols, or the console serial connection using theX/Y modem protocol. Files may also be loaded directly from local filesystemson disk. Files to be downloaded may either be executable images inELF executable program format,Motorola S-record (SREC)format or raw data.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Download a Motorola S-record (or ELF) image, using <acronym>TFTP</acronym>, specifying thebase memory address.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>load redboot.ROM -b 0x8c400000</userinput>Address offset = 0x0c400000Entry point: 0x80000000, address range: 0x80000000-0x8000fe80</screen></para><para>Download a Motorola S-record (or ELF) image, using <acronym>HTTP</acronym>, specifying thehost [server] address.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>load /redboot.ROM -m HTTP -h 192.168.1.104</userinput>Address offset = 0x0c400000Entry point: 0x80000000, address range: 0x80000000-0x8000fe80</screen></para><para>Load an ELF file from /dev/hda1 which should be an EXT2 partition:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>load -mode disk hda1:hello.elf</userinput>Entry point: 0x00020000, address range: 0x00020000-0x0002fd70</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** mcmp *************************************************** --><refentry id="mcmp-command"><refnamediv><refname>mcmp</refname><refpurpose>Compare two segments of memory</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>mcmp</command><arg choice="req">-s <replaceable>location1</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-d <replaceable>location1</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg><group><arg>-1</arg><arg>-2</arg><arg>-4</arg></group></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-s <replaceable>location1</replaceable></entry><entry>Memory address</entry><entry>Location for start of data.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-d <replaceable>location2</replaceable></entry><entry>Memory address</entry><entry>Location for start of data.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of data</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-1</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row><row><entry>-2</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row><row><entry>-4</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>Compares the contents of two ranges of memory (RAM, ROM, FLASH, etc).</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Compare two buffers which match (result is <emphasis>quiet</emphasis>).<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x200000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>mcmp -s 0x100000 -d 0x200000 -l 0x20</userinput></screen></para><para>Compare two buffers which don't match.Only the first non-matching element is displayed.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>mcmp -s 0x100000 -d 0x200000 -l 0x30 -2</userinput>Buffers don't match - 0x00100020=0x6000, 0x00200020=0x0000</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** mfill *************************************************** --><refentry id="mfill-command"><refnamediv><refname>mfill</refname><refpurpose>Fill RAM with a specified pattern</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>mfill</command><arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-p <replaceable>value</replaceable></arg><group><arg>-1</arg><arg>-2</arg><arg>-4</arg></group></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b <replaceable>location</replaceable></entry><entry>Memory address</entry><entry>Location in memory for start of data.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of data</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-p <replaceable>pattern</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Data value to fill with</entry><entry>0</entry></row><row><entry>-1</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one byte (8 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 8 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row><row><entry>-2</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access two bytes (16 bits) at a time.Only the least significant 16 bits of the pattern will be used.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row><row><entry>-4</entry><entry></entry><entry>Access one word (32 bits) at a time.</entry><entry>-4</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>Fills a range of memory with the given pattern.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Fill a buffer with zeros.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>00100000: 00 3E 00 06 00 06 00 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.>..............|00100010: 00 00 00 78 00 70 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 00 60 |...x.p.`.`.`.`.`|RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>00100000: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|00100010: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................|</screen></para><para>Fill a buffer with a pattern.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>mfill -b 0x100000 -l 0x20 -p 0xDEADFACE</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>x -b 0x100000 -l 0x20</userinput>00100000: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE |................|00100010: CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE CE FA AD DE |................|</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** ping *************************************************** --><refentry id="ping-command"><refnamediv><refname>ping</refname><refpurpose>Verify network connectivity</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>ping</command><arg>-v </arg><arg>-i <replaceable> local_IP_address</replaceable></arg><arg>-l <replaceable> length</replaceable></arg><arg>-n <replaceable> count</replaceable></arg><arg>-t <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg><arg>-r <replaceable> rate</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-h <replaceable> server_IP_address</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-v</entry><entry>Boolean</entry><entry>Be verbose, displaying information about each packet sent.</entry><entry><emphasis>quiet</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-n <replaceable>local_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Controls the number of packets to be sent.</entry><entry>10</entry></row><row><entry>-i <replaceable>local_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address RedBoot should use.</entry><entry>Value set by <command>ip_address</command></entry></row><row><entry>-h <replaceable>server_IP_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Numeric IP or DNS name</entry><entry>The IP address of the host to contact.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>The length of the ICMP data payload.</entry><entry>64</entry></row><row><entry>-r <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>How fast to deliver packets, i.e. time between successive sends.A value of 0 sends packets as quickly as possible.</entry><entry>1000ms (1 second)</entry></row><row><entry>-t <replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>How long to wait for the round-trip to complete, specified in milliseconds.</entry><entry>1000ms (1 second)</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>ping</command> command checks the connectivity of the local network by sendingspecial (ICMP) packets to a specific host. These packets should be automaticallyreturned by that host. The command will indicate how many of these round-tripswere successfully completed.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Test connectivity to host 192.168.1.101.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.101</userinput>Network PING - from 192.168.1.31 to 192.168.1.101PING - received 10 of 10 expected</screen></para><para>Test connectivity to host 192.168.1.101, with verbose reporting.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.101 -v -n 4</userinput>Network PING - from 192.168.1.31 to 192.168.1.101seq: 1, time: 1 (ticks)seq: 2, time: 1 (ticks)seq: 3, time: 1 (ticks)seq: 4, time: 1 (ticks)PING - received 10 of 10 expected</screen></para><para><screen>Test connectivity to a non-existent host (192.168.1.109).RedBoot> <userinput>ping -h 192.168.1.109 -v -n 4</userinput>PING: Cannot reach server '192.168.1.109' (192.168.1.109)</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** reset *************************************************** --><refentry id="reset-command"><refnamediv><refname>reset</refname><refpurpose>Reset the device</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>reset</command></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><para><emphasis>None</emphasis></para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>reset</command> command causes the target platform to be reset.Where possible (hardware support permitting), this will beequivalent to a power-on reset condition.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Reset the platform.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>reset</userinput>... Resetting.+... Waiting for network card: .Socket Communications, Inc: Low Power Ethernet CF Revision C 5V/3.3V 08/27/98Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:c0:1b:00:ba:28IP: 192.168.1.29, Default server: 192.168.1.101RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]Non-certified release, version UNKNOWN - built 10:41:41, May 14 2002Platform: Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC (StrongARM 1110)Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Red Hat, Inc.RAM: 0x00000000-0x01fc0000, 0x00014748-0x01f71000 availableFLASH: 0x50000000 - 0x51000000, 64 blocks of 0x00040000 bytes each.RedBoot></screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** version *************************************************** --><refentry id="version-command"><refnamediv><refname>version</refname><refpurpose>Display RedBoot version information</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>version</command></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><para><emphasis>None</emphasis></para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>version</command> command simply displays version information about RedBoot.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Display RedBoot's version.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>version</userinput>RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 09:12:03, Feb 12 2001Platform: XYZ (PowerPC 860)Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.RAM: 0x00000000-0x00400000</screen></para></refsect1></refentry></sect1><sect1 id="Flash-Image-System"><title>Flash Image System (FIS)</title><para><indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>flash image system</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>flash image system commands</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>commands</primary><secondary>fis</secondary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>fis commands</primary></indexterm>If the platformhas flash memory, RedBoot can use this for image storage. Executable images,as well as data, can be stored in flash in a simple file store. The <command>fis</command> command (fis is short for Flash Image System) is used tomanipulate and maintain flash images.</para><!-- ******** fis init ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-init-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis init</refname><refpurpose>Initialize Flash Image System (FIS)</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis init</command><arg><replaceable>-f</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-f</entry><entry></entry><entry>All blocks of flash memory (except for the bootblocks) will be erased as part of the initializationprocedure.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to initialize the Flash Image System(FIS). It should normally only be executed once, when RedBootis first installed on the hardware. If the reserved images ortheir sizes in the FIS change, due to a different configurationof RedBoot being used, it may be necessary to issue the commandagain though.<note><para>Subsequent executions will cause loss ofpreviously stored information in the FIS.</para></note></para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Initialize the FIS directory.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis init</userinput>About to initialize [format] flash image system - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>*** Initialize FLASH Image SystemWarning: device contents not erased, some blocks may not be usable... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .</screen></para><para>Initialize the FIS directory and all of flash memory, except for firstblocks of the flash where the boot monitor resides.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis init -f</userinput>About to initialize [format] flash image system - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>*** Initialize FLASH Image System... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00070000: ........ Erase from 0x00080000-0x00080000:... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis list ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-list-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis list</refname><refpurpose>List Flash Image System directory</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis list</command><arg><replaceable>-f</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-c</entry><entry></entry><entry>Show image checksum instead of memory address(column <computeroutput>Mem addr</computeroutput> isreplaced by<computeroutput>Checksum</computeroutput>).</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry>-d</entry><entry></entry><entry>Show image data length instead of amount of flashoccupied by image (column<computeroutput>Length</computeroutput> is replaced by<computeroutput>Datalen</computeroutput>).</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command lists the images currently available in the FIS. Certainimages used by RedBoot have fixed names and have reserved slots in theFIS (these can be seen after using the <command>fis init</command>command). Other images can be manipulated by the user.</para><note><para>The images are listed in the order they appear in the FISdirectory, not by name or creation time.</para></note></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>List the FIS directory.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry pointRedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00020000 0x00000000RedBoot config 0x0007F000 0x0007F000 0x00001000 0x00000000FIS directory 0x00070000 0x00070000 0x0000F000 0x00000000</screen></para><para>List the FIS directory, with image checksums substituted formemory addresses.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis list -c</userinput>Name FLASH addr Checksum Length Entry pointRedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00020000 0x00000000RedBoot config 0x0007F000 0x00000000 0x00001000 0x00000000FIS directory 0x00070000 0x00000000 0x0000F000 0x00000000</screen></para><para>List the FIS directory with image data lengths substituted for flashblock reservation lengths.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>Name FLASH addr Mem addr Datalen Entry pointRedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000000RedBoot config 0x0007F000 0x0007F000 0x00000000 0x00000000FIS directory 0x00070000 0x00070000 0x00000000 0x00000000</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis free ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-free-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis free</refname><refpurpose>Free flash image</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis free</command></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command shows which areas of the flash memory are currentlynot in use. When a block contains non-erased contents it is consideredin use. Since it is possible to force an image to be loaded at aparticular flash location, this command can be used to check whetherthat location is in use by any other image.</para><note><para>There is currently no cross-checking between actual flashcontents and the FIS directory, which mans that there could be asegment of flash which is not erased that does not correspond to anamed image, or vice-versa.</para></note></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Show free flash areas.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis free</userinput>0xA0040000 .. 0xA07C00000xA0840000 .. 0xA0FC0000</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis create ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-create-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis create</refname><refpurpose>Create flash image</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis create</command><arg choice="req">-b <replaceable> data address</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable> length</replaceable></arg><arg>-f <replaceable> flash address</replaceable></arg><arg>-e <replaceable> entry</replaceable></arg><arg>-r <replaceable> relocation address</replaceable></arg><arg>-s <replaceable> data length</replaceable></arg><arg>-n </arg><arg><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of data to be written to the flash.</entry><entry>Address of last loaded file. If not set in a loadoperation, it must be specified.</entry></row><row><entry>-l</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of flash area to occopy. If specified, andthe named image already exists, the length must matchthe value in the FIS directory.</entry><entry>Length of area reserved in FIS directory if theimage already exists, or the length of the last loadedfile. If neither are set, it must be specified.</entry></row><row><entry>-f</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of flash area to occopy.</entry><entry>The address of an area reserved in the FISdirectory for extant images. Otherwise the first free blockwhich is large enough will be used.</entry></row><row><entry>-e</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Entry address for an executable image, used bythe <command>fis load</command> command.</entry><entry>The entry address of last loaded file.</entry></row><row><entry>-r</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address where the image should be relocated to bythe <command>fis load</command> command. This is onlyrelevant for images that will be loaded with the<command>fis load</command> command.</entry><entry>The load address of the last loaded file.</entry></row><row><entry>-s</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Actual length of data written to image. This isused to control the range over which the checksum ismade.</entry><entry>It defaults to the length of the last loadedfile.</entry></row><row><entry>-n</entry><entry></entry><entry>When set, no image data will be written to theflash. Only the FIS directory will be updated.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>Name of flash image.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command creates an image in the FIS directory. The data for theimage must exist in RAM memory before the copy. Typically, you would use theRedBoot <command>load</command> command to load file intoRAM and then the <command>fis create</command> command to writeit to a flash image.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Trying to create an extant image, will require the actionto be verified.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis create RedBoot -f 0xa0000000 -b 0x8c400000 -l 0x20000</userinput>An image named ‘RedBoot’ exists - continue (y/n)? <userinput>n</userinput></screen></para><para>Create a new test image, let the command find a suitable place.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis create junk -b 0x8c400000 -l 0x20000</userinput>... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .... Program from 0x8c400000-0x8c420000 at 0xa0040000: .... Erase from 0xa0fe0000-0xa1000000: .... Program from 0x8c7d0000-0x8c7f0000 at 0xa0fe0000: .</screen></para><para>Update the RedBoot[RAM] image.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>load redboot_RAM.img</userinput>Entry point: 0x060213c0, address range: 0x06020000-0x06036cc0RedBoot> <userinput>fis create RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>No memory address set.An image named 'RedBoot[RAM]' exists - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>* CAUTION * about to program 'RedBoot[RAM]'at 0x00020000..0x00036cbf from 0x06020000 - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00040000: ..... Program from 0x06020000-0x06036cc0 at 0x00020000: ..... Erase from 0x00070000-0x00080000: .... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00070000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis load ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-load-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis load</refname><refpurpose>Load flash image</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis load</command><arg>-b <replaceable> load address</replaceable></arg><arg>-c </arg><arg>-d </arg><arg><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-b</entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address the image should be loaded to. Executableimages normally load at the location to which the filewas linked. This option allows the image to be loaded toa specific memory location, possibly overriding anyassumed location.</entry><entry>If not specified, the address associated with theimage in the FIS directory will be used.</entry></row><row><entry>-c</entry><entry></entry><entry>Compute and print the checksum of the image dataafter it has been loaded into memory.</entry></row><row><entry>-d</entry><entry></entry><entry>Decompress gzipped image while copying it fromflash to RAM.</entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>The name of the file, as shown in the FISdirectory.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to transfer an image from flash memory to RAM.</para><para>Once the image has been loaded, it may be executed using the<command>go</command> command.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Load and run RedBoot[RAM] image.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>go</userinput></screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis delete ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-delete-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis delete</refname><refpurpose>Delete flash image</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis delete</command><arg choice="req"><replaceable>name</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>name</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Name of image that should be deleted.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command removes an image from the FIS. The flash memory will beerased as part of the execution of this command, as well as removal of thename from the FIS directory.</para><note><para>Certain images are reserved by RedBoot and cannot be deleted.RedBoot will issue a warning if this is attempted.</para></note></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para><screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis list</userinput>Name flash addr Mem addr Length Entry pointRedBoot 0xA0000000 0xA0000000 0x020000 0x80000000RedBoot config 0xA0FC0000 0xA0FC0000 0x020000 0x00000000FIS directory 0xA0FE0000 0xA0FE0000 0x020000 0x00000000junk 0xA0040000 0x8C400000 0x020000 0x80000000RedBoot> <userinput>fis delete junk</userinput>Delete image ‘junk’ - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .... Erase from 0xa0fe0000-0xa1000000: .... Program from 0x8c7d0000-0x8c7f0000 at 0xa0fe0000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis lock ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-lock-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis lock</refname><refpurpose>Lock flash area</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis lock</command><arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of area to be locked.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of area to be locked.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to write-protect (lock) a portion of flash memory,to prevent accidental overwriting of images. In order to make make any modificationsto the flash, a matching <command>fis unlock</command> command must beissued. This command is optional and will only be provided on hardwarewhich can support write-protection of the flash space.</para><note><para>Depending on the system, attempting to write to write-protected flashmay generate errors or warnings, or be benignly quiet. </para></note></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Lock an area of the flash<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis lock -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>... Lock from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis unlock ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-unlock-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis unlock</refname><refpurpose>Unlock flash area</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis unlock</command><arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of area to be unlocked.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of area to be unlocked.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to unlock a portion of flash memory forcibly, allowingit to be updated. It must be issued for regions which have been locked beforethe FIS can reuse those portions of flash.</para><note><para>Some flash devices power up in locked state and always need tobe manually unlocked before they can be written to.</para></note></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Unlock an area of the flash<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis unlock -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>... Unlock from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis erase ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-erase-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis erase</refname><refpurpose>Erase flash area</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis erase</command><arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of area to be erased.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of area to be erased.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to erase a portion of flash memory forcibly. Thereis no cross-checking to ensure that the area being erased does not correspondto an existing image.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Erase an area of the flash<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis erase -f 0xa0040000 -l 0x20000</userinput>... Erase from 0xa0040000-0xa0060000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** fis write ************************************************ --><refentry id="fis-write-command"><refnamediv><refname>fis write</refname><refpurpose>Write flash area</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>fis write</command><arg choice="req">-b <replaceable>mem_address</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable>length</replaceable></arg><arg choice="req">-f <replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry><replaceable>mem_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of data to be written to flash.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of data to be writtem.</entry><entry></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>flash_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address of flash to write to.</entry><entry></entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>This command is used to write data from memory to flash. Thereis no cross-checking to ensure that the area being written to does notcorrespond to an existing image.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Write an area of data to the flash<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fis write -b 0x0606f000 -l 0x1000 -f 0x00020000</userinput>* CAUTION * about to program FLASHat 0x00020000..0x0002ffff from 0x0606f000 - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Erase from 0x00020000-0x00030000: .... Program from 0x0606f000-0x0607f000 at 0x00020000: .</screen></para></refsect1></refentry></sect1><sect1 id="Persistent-State-Flash"><title>Persistent State Flash-based Configuration and Control</title><para><indexterm><primary>persistent state flash-based configuration and control</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>flash-based configuration and control</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>configuration and control</primary><secondary>flash-based</secondary></indexterm></para><para>RedBoot provides flash management support for storage in the flash memoryof multiple executable images and of non-volatile information such as IP addressesand other network information.</para><para>RedBoot on platforms that support flash based configuration informationwill report the following message the first time that RedBoot is booted onthe target:</para><screen>flash configuration checksum error or invalid key</screen><para>This error can be ignored if no flash based configuration is desired,or can be silenced by running the <command>fconfig</command>command as described below. At this point you may also wish to run the <command>fis init</command> command. See other fis commands in <xref linkend="Flash-Image-System">.</para><para>Certain control and configuration information used by RedBoot can bestored in flash. </para><para>The details of what information is maintained in flash differ, basedon the platform and the configuration. However, the basic operation used tomaintain this information is the same. Using the <command>fconfig -l</command> command, the information may be displayed and/or changed.</para><para>If the optional flag <computeroutput>-i</computeroutput> is specified,then the configuration database will be reset to its defaultstate. This is also needed the first time RedBoot is installed on thetarget, or when updating to a newer RedBoot with differentconfiguration keys.</para><para>If the optional flag <computeroutput>-l</computeroutput> is specified,the configuration data is simply listed. Otherwise, each configuration parameterwill be displayed and you are given a chance to change it. The entire valuemust be typed - typing just carriage return will leave a value unchanged.Boolean values may be entered using the first letter (<computeroutput>t</computeroutput>for true, <computeroutput>f</computeroutput> for false). At any time the editingprocess may be stopped simply by entering a period (.) on the line. Enteringthe caret (^) moves the editing back to the previous item. See “RedBootEditing Commands”, <xref linkend="RedBoot-Editing-Commands">. </para><para>If any changes are made in the configuration, then the updated datawill be written back to flash after getting acknowledgment from the user.</para><para>If the optional flag <computeroutput>-n</computeroutput> is specified(with or without <computeroutput>-l</computeroutput>) then “nicknames”of the entries are used. These are shorter and less descriptive than“full” names. The full name may also be displayed by adding the<computeroutput>-f</computeroutput> flag.</para><para>The reason for telling you nicknames is that a quick way to set a singleentry is provided, using the format<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig <replaceable>nickname</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable></userinput></screen>If novalue is supplied, the command will list and prompt for only that entry.If a value is supplied, then the entry will be set to that value. You willbe prompted whether to write the new information into flash if any changewas made. For example<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig -l -n</userinput>boot_script: falsebootp: falsebootp_my_ip: 10.16.19.176bootp_server_ip: 10.16.19.66dns_ip: 10.16.19.1gdb_port: 9000net_debug: falseRedBoot> <userinput>fconfig bootp_my_ip 10.16.19.177</userinput>bootp_my_ip: 10.16.19.176 Setting to 10.16.19.177Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Unlock from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .... Erase from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .... Program from 0x0000a8d0-0x0000acd0 at 0x507c0000: .... Lock from 0x507c0000-0x507e0000: .RedBoot></screen></para><para>Additionally, nicknames can be used like aliases via the format %{nickname}.This allows the values stored by <userinput>fconfig</userinput> to be useddirectly by scripts and commands.</para><para>Depending on how your terminal program is connected and itscapabilities, you might find that you are unable to use line-editing todelete the ‘old’ value when using the default behaviour of<command>fconfig <replaceable>nickname</replaceable></command> or justplain <command>fconfig</command>, as shown in this example:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fco bootp</userinput>bootp: false_</screen>The user deletes the word “false;&rdquo and enters “true”so the display looks like this:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fco bootp</userinput>bootp: <userinput>true</userinput>Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y... Unlock from ...RedBoot> _</screen></para><para>To edit when you cannot backspace, use the optional flag<computeroutput>-d</computeroutput> (for “dumb terminal”)to provide a simpler interface thus:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fco -d bootp</userinput>bootp: false ? _</screen>and you enter the value in the obvious manner thus:<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fco -d bootp</userinput>bootp: false ? <userinput>true</userinput>Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y... Unlock from ...RedBoot> _</screen></para><para>One item which is always present in the configuration data is the abilityto execute a script at boot time. A sequence of RedBoot commands can be enteredwhich will be executed when the system starts up. Optionally, a time-out periodcan be provided which allows the user to abort the startup script and proceedwith normal command processing from the console. </para><para><screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig -l</userinput>Run script at boot: falseUse BOOTP for network configuration: falseLocal IP address: 192.168.1.29Default server IP address: 192.168.1.101DNS server IP address: 192.168.1.1GDB connection port: 9000Network debug at boot time: false</screen></para><para>The following example sets a boot script and then shows it running.</para><para><screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fconfig</userinput>Run script at boot: false <userinput>t</userinput>Boot script:Enter script, terminate with empty line>> <userinput>fi li</userinput>Boot script timeout: 0 <userinput>10</userinput>Use BOOTP for network configuration: false .Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Erase from 0xa0fc0000-0xa0fe0000: .... Program from 0x8c021f60-0x8c022360 at 0xa0fc0000: .RedBoot>RedBoot(tm) debug environment - built 08:22:24, Aug 23 2000Copyright (C) 2000, Red Hat, Inc.RAM: 0x8c000000-0x8c800000flash: 0xa0000000 - 0xa1000000, 128 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes ea.Socket Communications, Inc: Low Power Ethernet CF Revision C \5V/3.3V 08/27/98 IP: 192.168.1.29, Default server: 192.168.1.101 \== Executing boot script in 10 seconds - enter ^C to abortRedBoot> <userinput>fi li</userinput>Name flash addr Mem addr Length Entry pointRedBoot 0xA0000000 0xA0000000 0x020000 0x80000000RedBoot config 0xA0FC0000 0xA0FC0000 0x020000 0x00000000FIS directory 0xA0FE0000 0xA0FE0000 0x020000 0x00000000RedBoot></screen></para><note><title>NOTE</title><para>The bold characters above indicate where something was entered on theconsole. As you can see, the <command>fi li</command> commandat the end came from the script,not the console. Once the script is executed, command processing reverts tothe console. </para></note><para><note><title>NOTE</title><para>RedBoot supports the notion of a boot script timeout, i.e. a period oftime that RedBoot waits before executing the boot time script. This periodis primarily to allow the possibility of canceling the script. Sincea timeout value of zero (0) seconds would never allow the script tobe aborted or canceled, this value is not allowed. If the timeoutvalue is zero, then RedBoot will abort the script execution immediately.</para></note>On many targets, RedBoot may be configured to run from ROM or it may beconfigured to run from RAM. Other configurations are also possible. AllRedBoot configurations will execute the boot script, but in certain casesit may be desirable to limit the execution of certain script commands toone RedBoot configuration or the other. This can be accomplished byprepending <computeroutput>{<startup type>}</computeroutput> to thecommands which should be executed only by the RedBoot configured for thespecified startup type. The following boot script illustrates this conceptby having the ROM based RedBoot load and run the RAM based RedBoot. The RAMbased RedBoot will then list flash images.</para><para><screen>RedBoot> <userinput>fco</userinput>Run script at boot: false <userinput>t</userinput>Boot script:Enter script, terminate with empty line>> <userinput>{ROM}fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>>> <userinput>{ROM}go</userinput>>> <userinput>{RAM}fis li</userinput>>>Boot script timeout (1000ms resolution): <userinput>2</userinput>Use BOOTP for network configuration: <userinput>false</userinput>...Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? <userinput>y</userinput>... Unlock from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .... Erase from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .... Program from 0xa0015030-0xa0016030 at 0x007df000: .... Lock from 0x007c0000-0x007e0000: .RedBoot> <userinput>reset</userinput>... Resetting.+Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:80:4d:46:01:05IP: 192.168.1.153, Default server: 192.168.1.10RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]Red Hat certified release, version R1.xx - built 17:37:36, Aug 14 2001Platform: IQ80310 (XScale)Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000, 0xa001b088-0xa1fdf000 availableFLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.== Executing boot script in 2.000 seconds - enter ^C to abortRedBoot> <userinput>fis load RedBoot[RAM]</userinput>RedBoot> <userinput>go</userinput>+Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:80:4d:46:01:05IP: 192.168.1.153, Default server: 192.168.1.10RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [RAM]Red Hat certified release, version R1.xx - built 13:03:47, Aug 14 2001Platform: IQ80310 (XScale)Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, Red Hat, Inc.RAM: 0xa0000000-0xa2000000, 0xa0057fe8-0xa1fdf000 availableFLASH: 0x00000000 - 0x00800000, 64 blocks of 0x00020000 bytes each.== Executing boot script in 2.000 seconds - enter ^C to abortRedBoot> <userinput>fis li</userinput>Name FLASH addr Mem addr Length Entry pointRedBoot 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00040000 0x00002000RedBoot config 0x007DF000 0x007DF000 0x00001000 0x00000000FIS directory 0x007E0000 0x007E0000 0x00020000 0x00000000RedBoot></screen></para></sect1><sect1 id="executing-programs"><title>Executing Programs from RedBoot</title><para><indexterm><primary>executing programs</primary></indexterm><indexterm><primary>RedBoot</primary><secondary>executing programs</secondary></indexterm>Oncean image has been loaded into memory, either via the <command>load</command> command or the <command>fis load</command>command, execution may be transfered to that image.</para><para> <note><title>NOTE</title><para>The image is assumed to be a stand-alone entity, as RedBoot gives theentire platform over to it. Typical examples would be an eCos applicationor a Linux kernel.</para></note></para><!-- ******** go *************************************************** --><refentry id="go-command"><refnamediv><refname>go</refname><refpurpose>Execute a program</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>go</command><arg>-w <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg><arg><replaceable> start_address</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-w <replaceable>timeout</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>How long to wait before starting execution.</entry><entry>0</entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>start_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address in memory to begin execution.</entry><entry>Value set by last <command>load</command> or <command>fis load</command> command.</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>go</command> command causes RedBoot to give control of the target platform toanother program. This program must execute stand alone, e.g. an eCosapplication or a Linux kernel.</para><para>If the -w option is used, RedBoot will print a message and thenwait for a period of time before starting the execution. This ismost useful in a script, giving the user a chance to abort executinga program and move on in the script.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Execute a program - <emphasis>no explicit output from RedBoot</emphasis>.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>go 0x40040</userinput></screen></para><para>Execute a program with a timeout.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>go -w 10</userinput>About to start execution at 0x00000000 - abort with ^C within 10 seconds^CRedBoot></screen>Note that the starting address was implied (0x00000000 in this example).The user is prompted that execution will commence in 10 seconds. Atanytime within that 10 seconds the user may type <guibutton>Ctrl+C</guibutton>on the console and RedBoot will abort execution and return for the nextcommand, either from a script or the console.</para></refsect1></refentry><!-- ******** exec *************************************************** --><refentry id="exec-command"><refnamediv><refname>exec</refname><refpurpose>Execute a Linux kernel</refpurpose></refnamediv><refsynopsisdiv><cmdsynopsis><command>exec</command><arg>-w <replaceable> timeout</replaceable></arg><arg>-r <replaceable> ramdisk_address</replaceable></arg><arg>-s <replaceable> ramdisk_length</replaceable></arg><arg>-b <replaceable> load_address</replaceable><arg choice="req">-l <replaceable> load_length</replaceable></arg></arg><arg>-c <replaceable> kernel_command_line</replaceable></arg><arg><replaceable> entry_point</replaceable></arg></cmdsynopsis></refsynopsisdiv><refsect1><title>Arguments</title><informaltable frame="all"><tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left"><colspec colname="c1"><colspec colname="c2"><colspec colname="c3"><colspec colname="c4"><thead><row><entry>Name</entry><entry>Type</entry><entry>Description</entry><entry>Default</entry></row></thead><tbody><row><entry>-w <replaceable>timeout</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Time to wait before starting execution.</entry><entry>0</entry></row><row><entry>-r <replaceable>ramdisk_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address in memory of "initrd"-style ramdisk - passed to Linux kernel.</entry><entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-s <replaceable>ramdisk_length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of ramdisk image - passed to Linux kernel.</entry><entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-b <replaceable>load_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Address in memory of the Linux kernel image.</entry><entry>Value set by <command>load</command> or <command>fis load</command></entry></row><row><entry>-l <replaceable>load_length</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Length of Linux kernel image.</entry><entry><emphasis>none</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry>-c <replaceable>kernel_command_line</replaceable></entry><entry>String</entry><entry>Command line to pass to the Linux kernel.</entry><entry><emphasis>None</emphasis></entry></row><row><entry><replaceable>entry_address</replaceable></entry><entry>Number</entry><entry>Starting address for Linux kernel execution</entry><entry>Implied by architecture</entry></row></tbody></tgroup></informaltable></refsect1><refsect1><title>Description</title><para>The <command>exec</command> command is used to execute a non-eCos application, typically aLinux kernel. Additional information may be passed to the kernel at startuptime. This command is quite special (and unique from the <command>go</command> command) inthat the program being executed may expect certain environmental setups, forexample that the MMU is turned off, etc. </para><para>The Linux kernel expects to have been loaded to a particular memorylocation which is architecture dependent(0xC0008000 in the case of the SA1110).Since this memory is usedby RedBoot internally, it is not possible to load the kernel to that locationdirectly. Thus the requirement for the "-b" option which tells the commandwhere the kernel has been loaded. When the <command>exec</command> command runs, the image willbe relocated to the appropriate location before being started. The "-r" and"-s" options are used to pass information to the kernel about where a staticallyloaded ramdisk (initrd) is located.</para><para>The "-c" option can be used to pass textual "command line" informationto the kernel. If the command line data contains any punctuation (spaces,etc), then it must be quoted using the double-quote character '"'. If thequote character is required, it should be written as '\"'.</para></refsect1><refsect1><title>Examples</title><para>Execute a Linux kernel, passing a command line, which needs relocation.The result from RedBoot is normally quiet, with the target platform beingpassed over to Linux immediately.<screen>RedBoot> <userinput>exec -b 0x100000 -l 0x80000 -c "noinitrd root=/dev/mtdblock3 console=ttySA0"</userinput></screen></para><para>Execute a Linux kernel, default entry address and no relocation required, with a timeout.The <emphasis> emphasized lines</emphasis> are output from the loaded kernel.<screen>RedBoot> exec <userinput>-c "console=ttyS0,38400 ip=dhcp nfsroot=/export/elfs-sh" -w 5</userinput>Now booting linux kernel:Base address 0x8c001000 Entry 0x8c210000Cmdline : console=ttyS0,38400 ip=dhcp nfsroot=/export/elfs-shAbout to start execution at 0x8x210000 - abort with ^C within 5 seconds<emphasis>Linux version 2.4.10-pre6 (...) (gcc version 3.1-stdsh-010931) #3 Thu Sep 27 11:04:23 BST 2001</emphasis></screen></para></refsect1></refentry></sect1></chapter>
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