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<!--     m5272c3 platform HAL documentation.                         -->
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<!-- Author(s):   bartv                                              -->
<!-- Contact(s):  bartv                                              -->
<!-- Date:        2003/07/15                                         -->
<!-- Version:     0.01                                               -->
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<part id="hal-m68k-m5272c3-part"><title>Freescale M5272C3 Board Support</title>

<!-- {{{ Overview                       -->

<refentry id="m68k-m5272c3">
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>Overview</refentrytitle>
  </refmeta>
  <refnamediv>
    <refname>eCos Support for the Freescale M5272C3 Board</refname>
    <refpurpose>Overview</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-description"><title>Description</title>
    <para>
The Freescale M5272C3 board has an MCF5272 ColdFire processor, 4MB of
external SDRAM, 2MB of external flash memory, and connectors plus
required support chips for all the on-chip peripherals. By default the
board comes with its own dBUG ROM monitor, located in the bottom half
of the flash.
    </para>
    <para>
For typical eCos development a RedBoot image is programmed into the
top half of the flash memory, and the board is made to boot this image
rather than the existing dBUG monitor. RedBoot provides gdb stub
functionality so it is then possible to download and debug eCos
applications via the gdb debugger. This can happen over either a
serial line or over ethernet.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-hardware"><title>Supported Hardware</title>
    <para>
In a typical setup the bottom half of the flash memory is reserved for
the dBUG ROM monitor and is not accessible to eCos. That leaves four
flash blocks of 256K each. Of these one is used for the RedBoot image
and another is used for managing the flash and holding RedBoot fconfig
values. The remaining two blocks at 0xFFF40000 and 0xFFF80000 can be
used by application code.
    </para>
    <para>
By default eCos will only support the four megabytes of external SDRAM
present on the initial versions of the board, accessible at location
0x00000000. Later versions come with 16MB. If all 16MB of memory are
required then the ACR0 register needs to be changed. The default value
is controlled by the configuration option
<varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_M5272C3_ACR0</varname>, but this option is
only used during ROM startup so in a typical setup it would be
necessary to rebuild and update RedBoot. Alternatively the register
can be updated by application code, preferably using a high priority
static constructor to ensure that the extra memory is visible before
any code tries to use that memory. It will also be necessary to change
the memory layout so that the linker knows about the additional
memory.
    </para>
    <para>
By default the 4K of internal SRAM is mapped to location 0x20000000
using the RAMBAR register. This is not used by eCos or by RedBoot so
can be used by application code. The M68K architectural HAL has an
<filename>iram1.c</filename> testcase to illustrate the linker script
support for this. The internal 16K of ROM is left
disabled by default because its contents are of no use to most
applications. The on-chip peripherals are mapped at 0x10000000 via the
MBAR register.
    </para>
    <para>
There is a serial driver <varname>CYGPKG_DEVS_SERIAL_MCFxxxx</varname>
which supports both on-chip UARTs. One of the UARTs, usually uart0,
can be used by RedBoot for communication with the host. If this UART
is needed by the application, either directly or via the serial
driver, then it cannot also be used for RedBoot communication. Another
communication channel such as ethernet should be used instead. The
serial driver package is loaded automatically when configuring for the
M5272C3 target.
    </para>
    <para>
There is an ethernet driver <varname>CYGPKG_DEVS_ETH_MCFxxxx</varname>
for the on-chip ethernet device. This driver is also loaded
automatically when configuring for the M5272C3 target. The M5272C3
board does not have a unique MAC address, so a suitable address has to
be programmed into flash via RedBoot's <command>fconfig</command>
command.
    </para>
    <para>
eCos manages the on-chip interrupt controller. Timer 3 is used to
implement the eCos system clock, but timers 0, 1 and 2 are unused and
left for the application. The GPIO pins are manipulated only as needed
to get the UARTs and ethernet working. eCos will reset the remaining
on-chip peripherals (DMA, USB, PLCI, QSPI and PWM) during system
startup or soft reset but will not otherwise manipulate them.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-tools"><title>Tools</title>
    <para>
The M5272C3 port is intended to work with GNU tools configured for an
m68k-elf target. The original port was done using m68k-elf-gcc version
3.2.1, m68k-elf-gdb version 5.3, and binutils version 2.13.1.
    </para>
    <para>
By default eCos is built using the compiler flag
<option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option>. Omitting the frame pointer
eliminates some work on every function call and makes another register
available, so the code should be smaller and faster. However without a
frame pointer m68k-elf-gdb is not always able to identify stack
frames, so it may be unable to provide accurate backtrace information.
Removing this compiler flag from the configuration option
<varname>CYGBLD_GLOBAL_CFLAGS</varname> avoids such debug problems.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>

<!-- }}} -->
<!-- {{{ Hardware setup                 -->

<refentry id="m68k-m5272c3-setup">
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>Setup</refentrytitle>
  </refmeta>
  <refnamediv>
    <refname>Setup</refname>
    <refpurpose>Preparing the M5272C3 board for eCos Development</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-setup-overview"><title>Overview</title>
    <para>
In a typical development environment the M5272C3 board boots from
flash into the RedBoot ROM monitor. eCos applications are configured
for a RAM startup, and then downloaded and run on the board via the
debugger m68k-elf-gdb. Preparing the board therefore involves
programming a suitable RedBoot image into flash memory.
    </para>
    <para>
The following RedBoot configurations are supported:
    </para>
    <informaltable frame="all">
      <tgroup cols="4" colsep="1" rowsep="1" align="left">
        <thead>
          <row>
            <entry>Configuration</entry>
            <entry>Description</entry>
            <entry>Use</entry>
            <entry>File</entry>
          </row>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
          <row>
            <entry>ROM</entry>
            <entry>RedBoot running from the board's flash</entry>
            <entry>redboot_ROM.ecm</entry>
            <entry>redboot_rom.bin</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>dBUG</entry>
            <entry>Used for initial setup</entry>
            <entry>redboot_DBUG.ecm</entry>
            <entry>redboot_dbug.srec</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>RAM</entry>
            <entry>Used for upgrading ROM version</entry>
            <entry>redboot_RAM.ecm</entry>
            <entry>redboot_ram.bin</entry>
          </row>
          <row>
            <entry>ROMFFE</entry>
            <entry>RedBoot running from the board's flash at 0xFFE00000</entry>
            <entry>redboot_ROMFFE.ecm</entry>
            <entry>redboot_romffe.bin</entry>
          </row>
        </tbody>
      </tgroup>
    </informaltable>
    <para>
For serial communications all versions run with 8 bits, no parity, and
1 stop bit. The dBUG version runs at 19200 baud. The ROM and RAM
versions run at 38400 baud. These baud rates can be changed via the
configuration option
<varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_MCFxxxx_DIAGNOSTICS_BAUD</varname> and
rebuilding RedBoot. By default RedBoot will use the board's terminal
port, corresponding to uart0, but this can also be changed via the
configuration option
<varname>CYGHWR_HAL_M68K_MCFxxxx_DIAGNOSTICS_PORT</varname>. On an
M5272C3 platform RedBoot also supports ethernet communication and
flash management.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-setup-first"><title>Initial Installation</title>
    <para>
This process assumes that the board still has its original dBUG ROM
monitor and does not require any special debug hardware. It leaves the
existing ROM monitor in place, allowing the setup process to be
repeated just in case that should ever prove necessary.
    </para>
    <para>
Programming the RedBoot rom monitor into flash memory requires an
application that can manage flash blocks. RedBoot itself has this
capability. Rather than have a separate application that is used only
for flash management during the initial installation, a special
RAM-resident version of RedBoot is loaded into memory and run. This
version can then be used to load the normal flash-resident version of
RedBoot and program it into the flash.
    </para>
    <para>
The first step is to connect an RS232 cable between the M5272C3
terminal port and the host PC. A suitable cable is supplied with the
board. Next start a terminal emulation application such as
HyperTerminal or minicom on the host PC and set the serial
communication parameters to 19200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop
bit (8N1) and no flow control (handshaking). Make sure that the jumper
next to the flash chip is set for bootstrap from the bottom of flash,
location 0xFFE00000. The details of this jumper depend on the revision
of the board, so the supplied board documentation should be consulted
for more details. Apply power to the board and you should see a
<prompt>dBUG&gt;</prompt> prompt.
    </para>
    <para>
Once dBUG is up and running the RAM-resident version of RedBoot can be
downloaded: 
    </para>
    <screen>
dBUG&gt; dl
Escape to local host and send S-records now...
    </screen>
    <para>
The required S-records file is <filename>redboot_dbug.srec</filename>,
which is normally supplied with the eCos release in the <filename
class="directory">loaders</filename> directory. If it needs to be
rebuilt then instructions for this are supplied <link
linkend="m68k-m5272c3-setup-rebuild">below</link>. The file should be
sent to the target as raw text using the terminal emulator:
    </para>
    <screen>
S-record download successful!
dBUG&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
It is now possible to run the RAM-resident version of RedBoot:
    </para>
    <screen>
dBUG&gt; go 0x20000
+FLASH configuration checksum error or invalid key
Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:00:00:00:00:03
Can't get BOOTP info for device!

RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [DBUG]
Non-certified release, version v2_0_1 - built 09:55:34, Jun 24 2003

Platform: M5272C3 (Freescale MCF5272)
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Free Software Foundation, Inc.

RAM: 0x00000000-0x00400000, 0x0003f478-0x003bd000 available
FLASH: 0xffe00000 - 0x00000000, 8 blocks of 0x00040000 bytes each.
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
At this stage the RedBoot flash management initialization has not yet
happened so the warning about the configuration checksum error is
expected. To perform this initialization use the
<command>fis&nbsp;init&nbsp;-f</command> command:
    </para>
    <screen>
RedBoot&gt; fis init -f
About to initialize [format] FLASH image system - continue (y/n)? y
*** Initialize FLASH Image System
... Erase from 0xfff40000-0xfffc0000: ..
... Erase from 0x00000000-0x00000000:
... Erase from 0xfffc0000-0xffffffff: .
... Program from 0x003bf000-0x003ff000 at 0xfffc0000: .
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
The flash chip on the M5272C3 board is slow at erasing flash blocks so
this operation can take some time. At the end the block of flash at
location 0xFFFC0000 holds information about the various flash blocks,
allowing other flash management operations to be performed. The next
step is to set up RedBoot's non-volatile configuration values:
    </para>
    <screen>
RedBoot&gt; fconfig -i
Initialize non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y
Run script at boot: false
Use BOOTP for network configuration: true
DNS server IP address:
GDB connection port: 9000
Force console for special debug messages: false
Network hardware address [MAC]: 0x00:0x00:0x00:0x00:0x00:0x03
Network debug at boot time: false
Update RedBoot non-volatile configuration - continue (y/n)? y
... Erase from 0xfffc0000-0xffffffff: .
... Program from 0x003bf000-0x003ff000 at 0xfffc0000: .
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
For most of these configuration variables the default value is
correct. If there is no suitable BOOTP service running on the local
network then BOOTP should be disabled, and instead RedBoot will prompt
for a fixed IP address, netmask, and addresses for the local gateway
and DNS server. The other exception is the network hardware address,
also known as MAC address. All boards should be given a unique MAC
address, not the one in the above example. If there are two boards on
the same network trying to use the same MAC address then the resulting
behaviour is undefined.
    </para>
    <para>
It is now possible to load the flash-resident version of RedBoot.
Because of the way that flash chips work it is better to first load it
into RAM and then program it into flash.
    </para>
    <screen>
RedBoot&gt; load -r -m ymodem -b %{freememlo}
    </screen>
    <para>
The file <filename>redboot_rom.bin</filename> should now be uploaded
using the terminal emulator. The file is a raw binary and should be
transferred using the Y-modem protocol.
    </para>
    <screen>
Raw file loaded 0x0003f800-0x000545a3, assumed entry at 0x0003f800
xyzModem - CRC mode, 2(SOH)/84(STX)/0(CAN) packets, 5 retries
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
Once RedBoot has been loaded into RAM it can be programmed into flash:
    </para>
    <screen>
RedBoot&gt; fis create RedBoot -b %{freememlo}
An image named 'RedBoot' exists - continue (y/n)? y
... Erase from 0xfff00000-0xfff40000: .
... Program from 0x0003f800-0x0007f800 at 0xfff00000: .
... Erase from 0xfffc0000-0xffffffff: .
... Program from 0x003bf000-0x003ff000 at 0xfffc0000: .
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
The flash-resident version of RedBoot has now programmed at location
0xFFF00000, and the flash info block at 0xFFFC0000 has been updated.
The initial setup is now complete. Power off the board and set the
flash jumper to boot from location 0xFFF00000 instead of 0xFFE00000.
Also set the terminal emulator to run at 38400 baud (the usual baud
rate for RedBoot), and power up the board again.
    </para>
    <screen>
+Ethernet eth0: MAC address 00:00:00:00:00:03
Can't get BOOTP info for device!

RedBoot(tm) bootstrap and debug environment [ROM]
Non-certified release, version v2_0_1 - built 09:57:50, Jun 24 2003

Platform: M5272C3 (Freescale MCF5272)
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, Free Software Foundation, Inc.

RAM: 0x00000000-0x00400000, 0x0000b400-0x003bd000 available
FLASH: 0xffe00000 - 0x00000000, 8 blocks of 0x00040000 bytes each.
RedBoot&gt;
    </screen>
    <para>
When RedBoot issues its prompt it is also ready to accept connections
from m68k-elf-gdb, allowing eCos applications to be downloaded and
debugged.
    </para>
    <para>
Occasionally it may prove necessary to update the installed RedBoot
image. This can be done simply by repeating the above process, using
dBUG to load the dBUG version of RedBoot
<filename>redboot_dbug.srec</filename>. Alternatively the existing
RedBoot install can be used to load a RAM-resident version,
<filename>redboot_ram.bin</filename>.
    </para>
    <para>
The ROMFFE version of RedBoot can be installed at location 0xFFE00000,
replacing dBUG. This may be useful if the system needs more flash
blocks than are available with the usual ROM RedBoot. Installing this
RedBoot image will typically involve a BDM-based utility.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-setup-rebuild"><title>Rebuilding RedBoot</title>
    <para>
Should it prove necessary to rebuild a RedBoot binary, this is done
most conveniently at the command line. The steps needed to rebuild the
dBUG version of RedBoot are:
    </para>
    <screen>
$ mkdir redboot_dbug
$ cd redboot_dbug
$ ecosconfig new m5272c3 redboot
$ ecosconfig import $ECOS_REPOSITORY/hal/m68k/mcf52xx/mcf5272/m5272c3/v2_0_1/misc/redboot_DBUG.ecm
$ ecosconfig resolve
$ ecosconfig tree
$ make
    </screen>
    <para>
At the end of the build the <filename
class="directory">install/bin</filename> subdirectory should contain
the required file <filename>redboot_dbug.srec</filename>.
    </para>
    <para>
Rebuilding the RAM and ROM versions involves basically the same
process. The RAM version uses the file
<filename>redboot_RAM.ecm</filename> and generates a file
<filename>redboot_ram.bin</filename>. The ROM version uses the file
<filename>redboot_ROM.ecm</filename> and generates a file
<filename>redboot_rom.bin</filename>. 
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-bdm"><title>BDM</title>
    <para>
An alternative to debugging an application on top of Redboot is to use
a BDM hardware debug solution. On the eCos side this requires building
the configuration for RAM startup and
with <varname>CYGSEM_HAL_USE_ROM_MONITOR</varname> disabled. Note that
a RAM build of RedBoot automatically has the latter configuration
option disabled, so it is possible to run a RAM RedBoot via BDM and
bypass the dBUG stages of the installation process.
    </para>
    <para>
On the host-side the details depend on exactly which BDM solution is
in use. Typically it will be necessary to initialize the hardware
prior to downloading the eCos application, either via a configuration
file or by using gdb macros. The
file <filename>misc/bdm.gdb</filename> in the platform HAL defines
example gdb macros.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>

<!-- }}} -->
<!-- {{{ Config                         -->

<refentry id="m68k-m5272c3-config">
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>Configuration</refentrytitle>
  </refmeta>
  <refnamediv>
    <refname>Configuration</refname>
    <refpurpose>Platform-specific Configuration Options</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-overview"><title>Overview</title>
    <para>
The M5272C3 platform HAL package is loaded automatically when eCos is
configured for an M5272C3 target. It should never be necessary to load
this package explicitly. Unloading the package should only happen as a
side effect of switching target hardware.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-startup"><title>Startup</title>
    <para>
The M5272C3 platform HAL package supports four separate startup types:
    </para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>RAM</term>
        <listitem><para>
This is the startup type which is normally used during application
development. The board has RedBoot programmed into flash at location
0xFFF00000 and boots from that location.
<application>m68k-elf-gdb</application> is then used to load a RAM
startup application into memory and debug it. It is assumed that the
hardware has already been initialized by RedBoot. By default the
application will use eCos' virtual vectors mechanism to obtain certain
services from RedBoot, including diagnostic output.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ROM</term>
        <listitem><para>
This startup type can be used for finished applications which will
be programmed into flash at location 0xFFF00000. The application will
be self-contained with no dependencies on services provided by other
software. eCos startup code will perform all necessary hardware
initialization.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>ROMFFE</term>
        <listitem><para>
This is a variant of the ROM startup type which can be used if the
application will be programmed into flash at location 0xFFE00000,
overwriting the board's dBUG ROM monitor.
        </para>
        </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>DBUG</term>
        <listitem><para>
This is a variant of the RAM startup which allows applications to be
loaded via the board's dBUG ROM monitor rather than via RedBoot. It
exists mainly to support the dBUG version of RedBoot which is needed
during hardware setup. Once the application has started it will take
over all the hardware, and it will not depend on any services provided
by dBUG. This startup type does not provide gdb debug facilities.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>

  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-redboot"><title>RedBoot and Virtual Vectors</title>
    <para>
If the application is intended to act as a ROM monitor, providing
services for other applications, then the configuration option
<varname>CYGSEM_HAL_ROM_MONITOR</varname> should be set. Typically
this option is set only when building RedBoot.
    </para>
    <para>
If the application is supposed to make use of services provided by a
ROM monitor, via the eCos virtual vector mechanism, then the
configuration option <varname>CYGSEM_HAL_USE_ROM_MONITOR</varname>
should be set. By default this option is enabled when building for a
RAM startup, disabled otherwise. It can be manually disabled for a RAM
startup, making the application self-contained, as a testing step
before switching to ROM startup.
    </para>
    <para>
If the application does not rely on a ROM monitor for diagnostic
services then one of the serial ports will be claimed for HAL
diagnostics. By default eCos will use the terminal port, corresponding
to uart0. The auxiliary port, uart1, can be selected instead via the
configuration option
<varname>CYGHWR_HAL_M68K_MCFxxxx_DIAGNOSTICS_PORT</varname>. The baud
rate for the selected port is controlled by
<varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_MCFxxxx_DIAGNOSTICS_BAUD</varname>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-flash"><title>Flash Driver</title>
    <para>
The platform HAL package contains flash driver support. By default
this is inactive, and it can be made active by loading the generic
flash package <varname>CYGPKG_IO_FLASH</varname>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-registers"><title>Special Registers</title>
    <para>
The MCF5272 processor has a number of special registers controlling
the cache, on-chip RAM and ROM, and so on. The platform HAL provides a
number of configuration options for setting these, for example
<varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_M5272C3_RAMBAR</varname> controls the initial
value of the RAMBAR register. These options are only used during a ROM
or ROMFFE startup. For a RAM startup it will be RedBoot that
initializes these registers, so if the default values are not
appropriate for the target application then it will be necessary to
rebuild RedBoot with new settings for these options. Alternatively it
should be possible to reprogram some or all of the registers early on
during startup, for example by using a high-priority static
constructor.
    </para>
    <para>
One of the special registers, MBAR, cannot be controlled via a
configuration option. Changing the value of this register could have
drastic effects on the system, for example moving the on-chip
peripherals to a different location in memory, and it would be very
easy to end up with inconsistencies between RedBoot and the eCos
application. Instead the on-chip peripherals are always mapped to
location 0x10000000.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-clock"><title>System Clock</title>
    <para>
By default the system clock interrupts once every 10ms, corresponding
to a 100Hz clock. This can be changed by the configuration option
<varname>CYGNUM_HAL_RTC_PERIOD</varname>, the number of microseconds
between clock ticks. Other clock-related settings are recalculated
automatically if the period is changed.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-config-flags"><title>Compiler Flags</title>
    <para>
The platform HAL defines the default compiler and linker flags for all
packages, although it is possible to override these on a per-package
basis. Most of the flags used are the same as for other architectures
supported by eCos. There are three flags specific to this port:
    </para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>-mcpu=5272</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
The <application>m68k-elf-gcc</application> compiler supports many
variants of the M68K architecture, from the original 68000 onwards.
For an MCF5272 processor <option>-mcpu=5272</option> should be used.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>-malign-int</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
This option forces <application>m68k-elf-gcc</application> to align
integer and floating point data to a 32-bit boundary rather than a
16-bit boundary. It should improve performance. However the resulting
code is incompatible with most published application binary interface
specifications for M68K processors, so it is possible that this option
causes problems with existing third-party object code.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term><option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option></term>
        <listitem><para>
Traditionally the <varname>%A6</varname> register was used as a
dedicated frame pointer, and the compiler was expected to generate
link and unlink instructions on procedure entry and exit. These days
the compiler is perfectly capable of generating working code without a
frame pointer, so omitting the frame pointer often saves some work
during procedure entry and exit and makes another register available
for optimization. However without a frame pointer register the
<application>m68k-elf-gdb</application> debugger is not always able to
interpret a thread stack, so it cannot reliably give a backtrace.
Removing <option>-fomit-frame-pointer</option> from the default flags
will make debugging easier, but the generated code may be worse.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
</refentry>

<!-- }}} -->
<!-- {{{ Port                           -->

<refentry id="m68k-m5272c3-port">
  <refmeta>
    <refentrytitle>The HAL Port</refentrytitle>
  </refmeta>
  <refnamediv>
    <refname>HAL Port</refname>
    <refpurpose>Implementation Details</refpurpose>
  </refnamediv>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-overview"><title>Overview</title>
    <para>
This documentation explains how the eCos HAL specification has been
mapped onto the M5272C3 hardware, and shold be read in conjunction
with that specification. The M5272C3 platform HAL package complements
the M68K architectural HAL, the MCFxxxx variant HAL, and the MCF5272
processor HAL. It provides functionality which is specific to the
target board.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-startup"><title>Startup</title>
    <para>
Following a hard or soft reset the HAL will initialize or
reinitialize most of the on-chip peripherals. There is an exception
for RAM startup applications which depend on a ROM monitor for certain
services: the UARTs and the ethernet device will not be reinitialized
because they may be in use by RedBoot for communication with the host.
    </para>
    <para>
For a ROM or ROMFFE startup the HAL will perform additional
initialization, setting up the external DRAM and programming the
various internal registers. The values used for most of these
registers are <link
linkend="m68k-m5272c3-config-registers">configurable</link>. Full
details can be found in the exported headers <filename
class="headerfile">cyg/hal/plf.inc</filename>
and <filename class="headerfile">cyg/hal/proc.inc</filename>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-linker"><title>Linker Scripts and Memory Maps</title>
    <para>
The platform HAL package provides the memory layout information needed
to generate the linker script. The key memory locations are as follows:
    </para>
    <variablelist>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>external SDRAM</term>
        <listitem><para>
This is mapped to location 0x00000000. The first 384 bytes are used
for hardware exception vectors. The next 256 bytes are normally used
for the eCos virtual vectors, allowing RAM-based applications to use
services provided by the ROM monitor. For ROM and ROMFFE startup all
remaining SDRAM is available. For RAM and DBUG startup available SDRAM
starts at location 0x00020000, with the bottom 128K reserved for use
by either the RedBoot or dBUG ROM monitors.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>on-chip peripherals</term>
        <listitem><para>
These are accessible at location 0x10000000 onwards, as per the
defined symbol <varname>HAL_MCFxxxx_MBAR</varname>. This address
cannot easily be changed during development because both the ROM
monitor and the application must use the same address. The
<varname>%mbar</varname> system register is initialized appropriately
during a ROM or ROMFFE startup.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>on-chip SRAM</term>
        <listitem><para>
The 4K of internal SRAM are normally mapped at location 0x20000000.
The <varname>%rambar</varname> register is initialized 
during a ROM startup using the value of the configuration
option <varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_M5272C3_RAMBAR</varname>. Neither eCos
nor RedBoot use the internal SRAM so all of it is available to
application code.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>on-chip ROM</term>
        <listitem><para>
Usually this is left disabled since its contents are of no interest to
most applications. If it is enabled then it is usually mapped at
location 0x21000000. The <varname>%rombar</varname> register is
initialized during a ROM startup using the value of the configuration
option <varname>CYGNUM_HAL_M68K_M5272C3_ROMBAR</varname>.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
      <varlistentry>
        <term>off-chip Flash</term>
        <listitem><para>
This is located at the top of memory, location 0xFFE00000 onwards. For
ROM and RAM startups it is assumed that a jumper is used to disable
the bottom half of the flash, so location 0xFFE00000 is actually a
mirror of 0xFFF00000. For ROMFFE and DBUG startups all of the flash is
visible. By default the flash block at location 0xFFF00000 is used to
hold RedBoot or another ROM startup application, and the block at
location 0xFFFC00000 is used to hold flash management data and the
RedBoot <command>fconfig</command> variables. The blocks at
0xFFF400000 and 0xFFF80000 can be used by application code.
        </para></listitem>
      </varlistentry>
    </variablelist>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-clock"><title>Clock Support</title>
    <para>
The platform HAL provides configuration options for the eCos system
clock. This always uses the hardware timer 3, which should not be used
directly by application code. The gprof-based profiling code uses
timer 2, so that is only available when not profiling. Timers 0 and 1
are never used by eCos so application code is free to manipulate these
as required. The actual HAL macros for managing the clock are provided
by the MCF5272 processor HAL. The specific numbers used are a
characteristic of the platform because they depend on the processor
speed.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-other-hal"><title>Other Issues</title>
    <para>
The M5272C3 platform HAL does not affect the implementation of other
parts of the eCos HAL specification. The MCF5272 processor HAL, the
MCFxxxx variant HAL, and the M68K architectural HAL documentation
should be consulted for further details.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

  <refsect1 id="m68k-m5272c3-port-other"><title>Other Functionality</title>
    <para>
The platform HAL package also provides a flash driver for the off-chip
AMD AM29PL160C flash chip. This driver is inactive by default, and
only becomes active if the configuration includes the generic flash
support <varname>CYGPKG_IO_FLASH</varname>.
    </para>
  </refsect1>

</refentry>

<!-- }}} -->

</part>