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LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICESMaintained by H. Peter Anvin <device@lanana.org>Last revised: 3 June 2001This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocateddevice numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operatingsystem.The latest version of this list is available fromhttp://www.lanana.org/docs/device-list/ orftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/. This version may benewer than the one distributed with the Linux kernel.The LaTeX version of this document is no longer maintained.This document is included by reference into the Filesystem HierarchyStandard (FHS). The FHS is available from http://www.pathname.com/fhs/.Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amigaplatform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k onthe Atari platform only.The symbol {2.6} means the allocation is obsolete and scheduled forremoval once kernel version 2.6 (or equivalent) is released.This document is in the public domain. The author requests, however,that semantically altered versions are not distributed withoutpermission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted withoutan unreasonable effort.In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, atleast not without contacting me first.I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appearson this list. Any such information requests will be deleted withoutreply.**** DEVICE DRIVERS AUTHORS PLEASE READ THIS ****THE DEVICE REGISTRY IS OFFICIALLY FROZEN FOR LINUS TORVALDS' KERNELTREE. At Linus' request, no more allocations will be made officialfor Linus' kernel tree; the 3 June 2001 version of this list is theofficial final version of this registry. At Alan Cox' request,however, the registry will continue to be maintained for the -acseries of kernels, and registrations will be accepted.To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situationswhere that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with theappropriate device information. Also, if you have additionalinformation regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I havemade a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note.I do, however, make a few requests about the nature of your report.This is necessary for me to be able to keep this list up to date andcorrect in a timely manner. First of all, *please* send it to thecorrect address... <device@lanana.org>. I receive hundreds of emailmessages a day, so mail sent to other addresses may very well get lostin the avalanche. Please put in a descriptive subject, so I can findyour mail again should I need to. Too many people send me emailsaying just "device number request" in the subject.Second, please include a description of the device *in the same formatas this list*. The reason for this is that it is the only way I havefound to ensure I have all the requisite information to publish yourdevice and avoid conflicts.Third, please don't assume that the distributed version of the list isup to date. Due to the number of registrations I have to maintain itin "batch mode", so there is likely additional registrations thathaven't been listed yet.Finally, sometimes I have to play "namespace police." Please don't beoffended. I often get submissions for /dev names that would be boundto cause conflicts down the road. I am trying to avoid getting in asituation where we would have to suffer an incompatible forwardchange. Therefore, please consult with me *before* you make yourdevice names and numbers in any way public, at least to the pointwhere it would be at all difficult to get them changed.Your cooperation is appreciated.0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)0 = reserved as null device number1 char Memory devices1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access3 = /dev/null Null device4 = /dev/port I/O port access5 = /dev/zero Null byte source6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen.9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen.10 = /dev/aio Asyncronous I/O notification interfaceblock RAM disk0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk1 = /dev/ram1 Second RAM disk...250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk {2.6}Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here./dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloadedby the boot loader; newer kernels use /dev/ram0 forthe initrd.2 char Pseudo-TTY masters0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master...255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY masterPseudo-tty's are named as follows:* Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";* the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicatingthe 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and* the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicatingthe position within the series.These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTYmaster multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY ondemand.block Floppy disks0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 0, drive 0, autodetect1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 0, drive 1, autodetect2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 0, drive 2, autodetect3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 0, drive 3, autodetect128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 1, drive 0, autodetect129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 1, drive 1, autodetect130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 1, drive 2, autodetect131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 1, drive 3, autodetectTo specify format, add to the autodetect device number:0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1)20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1)48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1)8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2)16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1)120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2)52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1)88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1)28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1)124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1)44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3)60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3)100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1)32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1)104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1)36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?(1) Autodetectable format(2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only(3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive onlyNOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"(any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, Hand E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, sincethe drive type is insignificant for these devices.3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave...255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slaveThese are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98devices are on major 136 and above.block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition...63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partitionFor Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primarypartitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemesappropriate to their respective architectures.4 char TTY devices0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console...63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console64 = /dev/ttyS0 First UART serial port...255 = /dev/ttyS191 192nd UART serial portUART serial ports refer to 8250/16450/16550 series devices.Older versions of the Linux kernel used this majornumber for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, thisis no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3.5 char Alternate TTY devices0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device1 = /dev/console System console2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device for ttyS0...255 = /dev/cua191 Callout device for ttyS191(5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. Seethe section on terminal devices for more informationon /dev/console.6 char Parallel printer devices0 = /dev/lp0 Parallel printer on parport01 = /dev/lp1 Parallel printer on parport1...Current Linux kernels no longer have a fixed mappingbetween parallel ports and I/O addresses. Instead,they are redirected through the parport multiplex layer.7 char Virtual console capture devices0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents...63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents...191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contentsNOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.block Loopback devices0 = /dev/loop0 First loopback device1 = /dev/loop1 Second loopback device...The loopback devices are used to mount filesystems notassociated with block devices. The binding to theloopback devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15)0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.9 char SCSI tape devices0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 01 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0...32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 133 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1...64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 265 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2...96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 397 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3...128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind...160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind...192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind...224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind..."No rewind" refers to the omission of the defaultautomatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFLioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless ofthe device used to access it.block Metadisk (RAID) devices0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group...The metadisk driver is used to span afilesystem across multiple physical disks.10 char Non-serial mice, misc features0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse4 = /dev/jbm J-mouse4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad10 = /dev/adbmouse Apple Desktop Bus mouse11 = /dev/vrtpanel Vr41xx embedded touch panel13 = /dev/vpcmouse Connectix Virtual PC Mouse14 = /dev/touchscreen/ucb1x00 UCB 1x00 touchscreen15 = /dev/touchscreen/mk712 MK712 touchscreen128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device129 = /dev/modreq Kernel module load request {2.6}130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card142 = /dev/msr x86 model-specific registers {2.6}143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control {2.6}146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager155 = /dev/isictl MultiTech ISICom serial control156 = /dev/lcd Front panel LCD display157 = /dev/ac Applicom Intl Profibus card158 = /dev/nwbutton Netwinder external button159 = /dev/nwdebug Netwinder debug interface160 = /dev/nwflash Netwinder flash memory161 = /dev/userdma User-space DMA access162 = /dev/smbus System Management Bus163 = /dev/lik Logitech Internet Keyboard164 = /dev/ipmo Intel Intelligent Platform Management165 = /dev/vmmon VMWare virtual machine monitor166 = /dev/i2o/ctl I2O configuration manager167 = /dev/specialix_sxctl Specialix serial control168 = /dev/tcldrv Technology Concepts serial control169 = /dev/specialix_rioctl Specialix RIO serial control170 = /dev/smapi IBM Thinkpad SMAPI171 = /dev/srripc QNX4 API IPC manager172 = /dev/usemaclone Semaphore clone device173 = /dev/ipmikcs Intelligent Platform Management174 = /dev/uctrl SPARCbook 3 microcontroller175 = /dev/agpgart AGP Graphics Address Remapping Table176 = /dev/gtrsc Gorgy Timing radio clock177 = /dev/cbm Serial CBM bus178 = /dev/jsflash JavaStation OS flash SIMM179 = /dev/xsvc High-speed shared-mem/semaphore service180 = /dev/vrbuttons Vr41xx button input device181 = /dev/toshiba Toshiba laptop SMM support182 = /dev/perfctr Performance-monitoring counters183 = /dev/intel_rng Intel i8x0 random number generator184 = /dev/cpu/microcode CPU microcode update interface186 = /dev/atomicps Atomic shapshot of process state data187 = /dev/irnet IrNET device188 = /dev/smbusbios SMBus BIOS189 = /dev/ussp_ctl User space serial port control190 = /dev/crash Mission Critical Linux crash dump facility191 = /dev/pcl181 <information missing>192 = /dev/nas_xbus NAS xbus LCD/buttons access193 = /dev/d7s SPARC 7-segment display194 = /dev/zkshim Zero-Knowledge network shim control195 = /dev/elographics/e2201 Elographics touchscreen E271-2201198 = /dev/sexec Signed executable interface199 = /dev/scanners/cuecat :CueCat barcode scanner200 = /dev/net/tun TAP/TUN network device201 = /dev/button/gulpb Transmeta GULP-B buttons204 = /dev/video/em8300 EM8300 DVD decoder control205 = /dev/video/em8300_mv EM8300 DVD decoder video206 = /dev/video/em8300_ma EM8300 DVD decoder audio207 = /dev/video/em8300_sp EM8300 DVD decoder subpicture208 = /dev/compaq/cpqphpc Compaq PCI Hot Plug Controller209 = /dev/compaq/cpqrid Compaq Remote Insight Driver210 = /dev/impi/bt IMPI coprocessor block transfer211 = /dev/impi/smic IMPI coprocessor stream interface212 = /dev/watchdogs/0 First watchdog device213 = /dev/watchdogs/1 Second watchdog device214 = /dev/watchdogs/2 Third watchdog device215 = /dev/watchdogs/3 Fourth watchdog device216 = /dev/fujitsu/apanel Fujitsu/Siemens application panel217 = /dev/ni/natmotn National Instruments Motion218 = /dev/kchuid Inter-process chuid control219 = /dev/modems/mwave MWave modem firmware upload220 = /dev/mptctl Message passing technology (MPT) control221 = /dev/mvista/hssdsi Montavista PICMG hot swap system driver222 = /dev/mvista/hasi Montavista PICMG high availability223 = /dev/input/uinput User level driver support for input240-255 Reserved for local use11 char Raw keyboard device0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard deviceThe raw keyboard device is used on Linux/SPARC only.block SCSI CD-ROM devices0 = /dev/sr0 First SCSI CD-ROM1 = /dev/sr1 Second SCSI CD-ROM...The prefix /dev/scd instead of /dev/sr has been usedas well, and might make more sense.12 char QIC-02 tape2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-closeThe device names specified are proposed -- if thereare "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.block MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support {2.6}0 = /dev/dos_cd0 First MSCDEX CD-ROM1 = /dev/dos_cd1 Second MSCDEX CD-ROM...13 char Input core0 = /dev/input/js0 First joystick1 = /dev/input/js1 Second joystick...32 = /dev/input/mouse0 First mouse33 = /dev/input/mouse1 Second mouse...63 = /dev/input/mice Unified mouse64 = /dev/input/event0 First event queue65 = /dev/input/event1 Second event queue...Each device type has 5 bits (32 minors).block 8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller0 = /dev/xda First XT disk whole disk64 = /dev/xdb Second XT disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks(see major number 3).14 char Open Sound System (OSS)0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio6 = /dev/sndstat Sound card status information {2.6}7 = /dev/audioctl SPARC audio control device8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI portblock BIOS harddrive callback support {2.6}0 = /dev/dos_hda First BIOS harddrive whole disk64 = /dev/dos_hdb Second BIOS harddrive whole disk128 = /dev/dos_hdc Third BIOS harddrive whole disk192 = /dev/dos_hdd Fourth BIOS harddrive whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks(see major number 3).15 char Joystick0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick...128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick...block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM16 char Non-SCSI scanners0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scannerblock GoldStar CD-ROM0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM17 char Chase serial card0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port...block Optics Storage CD-ROM0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM18 char Chase serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device for ttyH01 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device for ttyH1...block Sanyo CD-ROM0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM19 char Cyclades serial card0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port...31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades portblock "Double" compressed disk0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk...7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk...135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed diskSee the Double documentation for the meaning of themirror devices.20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device for ttyC0...31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device for ttyC31block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM21 char Generic SCSI access0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device...Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices inthe system and is counter to standard Linuxdevice-naming practice.block Acorn MFM hard drive interface0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole diskThis device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks(see major number 3).22 char Digiboard serial card0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port...block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device for ttyD01 = /dev/cud1 Callout device for ttyD1...block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM24 char Stallion serial card0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 01 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0...64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 165 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1...128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2...192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3...block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device for ttyE01 = /dev/cue1 Callout device for ttyE1...64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device for ttyE6465 = /dev/cue65 Callout device for ttyE65...128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device for ttyE128129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device for ttyE129...192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device for ttyE192193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device for ttyE193...block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 01 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 12 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 23 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 326 char Quanta WinVision frame grabber {2.6}0 = /dev/wvisfgrab Quanta WinVision frame grabberblock Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 01 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 12 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 23 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 327 char QIC-117 tape0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression19 = /dev/zqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks36 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks37 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks38 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks39 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marksblock Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 01 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 12 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 23 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 328 char Stallion serial card - card programming0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memorychar Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer...block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 01 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 12 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 23 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3block ACSI disk (68k/Atari)0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15, like SCSI.29 char Universal frame buffer0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer1 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer...31 = /dev/fb31 32nd frame bufferFor backwards compatibility {2.6} the followingprogression is also handled by current kernels:0 = /dev/fb032 = /dev/fb1...224 = /dev/fb7block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices0 = /dev/socksys Socket access1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface2 = /dev/inet/arp Network access2 = /dev/inet/icmp Network access2 = /dev/inet/ip Network access2 = /dev/inet/udp Network access2 = /dev/inet/tcp Network accessAdditionally, iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a linkto /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to/dev/null.block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM/dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. Thisdriver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.31 char MPU-401 MIDI0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status portblock ROM/flash memory card0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw)...7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw)8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro)...15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro)16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw)...23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw)24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro)...31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro)The read-write (rw) devices support back-cachingwritten data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAMdevices. The read-only devices (ro) support readingonly.32 char Specialix serial card0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port...block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device for ttyX01 = /dev/cux1 Callout device for ttyX1...block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).34 char Z8530 HDLC driver0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port...In a previous version these devices were named/dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and soon.block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).35 char tclmidi MIDI driver0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timedblock Slow memory ramdisk0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk36 char Netlink support0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control3 = /dev/fwmonitor Firewall packet copies16 = /dev/tap0 First Ethertap device...31 = /dev/tap15 16th Ethertap deviceblock MCA ESDI hard disk0 = /dev/eda First ESDI disk whole disk64 = /dev/edb Second ESDI disk whole disk...Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks(see major number 3).37 char IDE tape0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape1 = /dev/ht1 Second IDE tape...128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close129 = /dev/nht1 Second IDE tape, no rewind-on-close...Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.block Zorro II ramdisk0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board...This device is used for status query, board controland "user level packet I/O." This board is alsoaccessible as a standard networking "eth" device.block Reserved for Linux/AP+39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel...15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel...47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer...block Reserved for Linux/AP+40 char Matrox Meteor frame grabber {2.6}0 = /dev/mmetfgrab Matrox Meteor frame grabberblock Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive0 = /dev/eza Parallel EZ135 drive, whole diskThis device is obsolete and will be removed in afuture version of Linux. It has been replaced withthe parallel port IDE disk driver at major number 45.Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks(see major number 3).41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitorblock MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM0 = /dev/bpcd BackPack CD-ROMThis device is obsolete and will be removed in afuture version of Linux. It has been replaced withthe parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM driver at major number 46.42 Demo/sample useThis number is intended for use in sample code, aswell as a general "example" device number. Itshould never be used for a device driver that is beingdistributed; either obtain an official number or usethe local/experimental range. The sudden addition orremoval of a driver with this number should not causeill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS ADEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.43 char isdn4linux virtual modem0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem...63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modemblock Network block devices0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device...Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopbackdevices: If you read from it, it sends packet accrossnetwork asking server for data. If you write to it, itsends packet telling server to write. It could be usedto mounting filesystems over the net, swapping overthe net, implementing block device in userland etc.44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device for ttyI0...63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device for ttyI63block Flash Translatio Layer (FTL) filesystems0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device...240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology DevicePartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) expect that the partitionlimit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data...63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug...127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device...191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interfaceblock Parallel port IDE disk devices0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the partitionlimit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port...block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device for ttyR01 = /dev/cur1 Callout device for ttyR1...block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI diskThis driver is intended for floppy disks and similardevices and hence does not support partitioning.48 char SDL RISCom serial card0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port...block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; first controller0 = /dev/rd/c0d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c0d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c0d31 32nd disk, whole diskFor partitions add:0 = /dev/rd/c?d? Whole disk1 = /dev/rd/c?d?p1 First partition...7 = /dev/rd/c?d?p7 Seventh partition49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device for ttyL01 = /dev/cul1 Callout device for ttyL1...block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; second controller0 = /dev/rd/c1d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c1d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c1d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.50 char Reserved for GLINTblock Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; third controller0 = /dev/rd/c2d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c2d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c2d31 32nd disk, whole disk51 char Baycom radio modem0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem...block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fourth controller0 = /dev/rd/c3d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c3d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c3d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm cardblock Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; fifth controller0 = /dev/rd/c4d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c4d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c4d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp01 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp12 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp24 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp05 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp16 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xxmicrocontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of aParallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola PublicDomain Interface and ICD is the commercial interfaceby P&E.block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; sixth controller0 = /dev/rd/c5d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c5d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c5d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter portA custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL<mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter24-hour heart monitoring equipment.block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; seventh controller0 = /dev/rd/c6d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c6d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c6d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001block Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller; eigth controller0 = /dev/rd/c7d0 First disk, whole disk8 = /dev/rd/c7d1 Second disk, whole disk...248 = /dev/rd/c7d31 32nd disk, whole diskPartitions are handled as for major 48.56 char Apple Desktop Bus0 = /dev/adb ADB bus controlAdditional devices will be added to this number, allstarting with /dev/adb.block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).57 char Hayes ESP serial card0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port...block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device for ttyP01 = /dev/cup1 Callout device for ttyP1...block Reserved for logical volume manager59 char sf firewall package0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel moduleblock Generic PDA filesystem device0 = /dev/pda0 First PDA device1 = /dev/pda1 Second PDA device...The pda devices are used to mount filesystems onremote pda's (basically slow handheld machines withproprietary OS's and limited memory and storagerunning small fs translation drivers) through serial /IRDA / parallel links.NAMING CONFLICT -- PROPOSED REVISED NAME /dev/rpda0 etc60-63 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USEAllocated for local/experimental use. For devices notassigned official numbers, these ranges should beused, in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.64 char ENskip kernel encryption package0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debugThis is a commercial driver; contact James Howes<jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.block SCSI disk devices (16-31)0 = /dev/sdq 16th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdr 17th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sds 18th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card...block SCSI disk devices (32-47)0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.67 char Coda network file system0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache managerSee http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.block SCSI disk devices (48-63)0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.68 char CAPI 2.0 interface0 = /dev/capi20 Control device1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application...20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 applicationISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.block SCSI disk devices (64-79)0 = /dev/sdbm 64th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdbn 65th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sdbo 66th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory accessblock SCSI disk devices (80-95)0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interfaceblock SCSI disk devices (96-111)0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 01 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1...63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 6364 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 065 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1...127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1...191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1...255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63block SCSI disk devices (112-127)0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk...240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device for ttyF01 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device for ttyF1...63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device for ttyF6364 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device for ttyF6465 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device for ttyF65...127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device for ttyF127128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device for ttyF128129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device for ttyF129...191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device for ttyF191192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device for ttyF192193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device for ttyF193...255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device for ttyF255block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, first controller0 = /dev/ida/c0d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c0d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c0d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 01 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 04 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 15 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 18 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 29 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 212 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 313 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, second controller0 = /dev/ida/c1d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c1d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c1d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.74 char SCI bridge0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 01 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1...Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCIbridge.block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, third controller0 = /dev/ida/c2d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c2d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c2d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card...8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card...block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fourth controller0 = /dev/ida/c3d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c3d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c3d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device for ttyW01 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device for ttyW1...8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device for ttyW8...block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, fifth controller0 = /dev/ida/c4d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c4d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c4d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generatorblock Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, sixth controller0 = /dev/ida/c5d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c5d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c5d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem...block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, seventh controller0 = /dev/ida/c6d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c6d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c6d15 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM01 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1...block Compaq Intelligent Drive Array, eigth controller0 = /dev/ida/c7d0 First logical drive whole disk16 = /dev/ida/c7d1 Second logical drive whole disk...240 = /dev/ida/c715 16th logical drive whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camerablock I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hda First I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdb Second I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdp 16th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.81 char video4linux0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device...63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device...127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device192 = /dev/vtx0 Teletext device...223 = /dev/vtx31 Teletext device224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt...255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interruptblock I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdq 17th I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdr 18th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdaf 32nd I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card...The driver and documentation may be obtained fromhttp://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/block I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdag 33rd I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdah 34th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdav 48th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.83 char Teletext/videotext interfaces {2.6}0 = /dev/vtx Teletext decoder16 = /dev/vttuner TV tuner on teletext interfaceDevices for the driver contained in the VideoteXt package.More information on http://home.pages.de/~videotext/block I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdaw 49th I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdax 50th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdbl 64th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet portblock I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdbm 65th I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdbn 66th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdcb 80th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed...block I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdcc 81st I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdcd 82nd I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hdcr 96th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.86 char SCSI media changer0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer...block I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hdcs 97th I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hdct 98th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hddh 112th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain...block I2O hard disk0 = /dev/i2o/hddi 113rd I2O hard disk, whole disk16 = /dev/i2o/hddj 114th I2O hard disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/i2o/hddx 128th I2O hard disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.88 char COMX synchronous serial card0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 01 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1...block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).89 char I2C bus interface0 = /dev/i2c-0 First I2C adapter1 = /dev/i2c-1 Second I2C adapter...block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw)1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro)...30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw)31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro)block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).91 char CAN-Bus devices0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller...block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)Partitions are handled the same way as for the firstinterface (see major number 3).92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN cardblock PPDD encrypted disk driver0 = /dev/ppdd0 First encrypted disk1 = /dev/ppdd1 Second encrypted disk...Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.93 char IBM Smart Capture Card frame grabber {2.6}0 = /dev/iscc0 First Smart Capture Card1 = /dev/iscc1 Second Smart Capture Card...128 = /dev/isccctl0 First Smart Capture Card control129 = /dev/isccctl1 Second Smart Capture Card control...block NAND Flash Translation Layer filesystem0 = /dev/nftla First NFTL layer16 = /dev/nftlb Second NFTL layer...240 = /dev/nftlp 16th NTFL layer94 char miroVIDEO DC10/30 capture/playback device {2.6}0 = /dev/dcxx0 First capture card1 = /dev/dcxx1 Second capture card...block IBM S/390 DASD block storage0 = /dev/dasda First DASD device, major1 = /dev/dasda1 First DASD device, block 12 = /dev/dasda2 First DASD device, block 23 = /dev/dasda3 First DASD device, block 34 = /dev/dasdb Second DASD device, major5 = /dev/dasdb1 Second DASD device, block 16 = /dev/dasdb2 Second DASD device, block 27 = /dev/dasdb3 Second DASD device, block 3...95 char IP filter0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file...block IBM S/390 VM/ESA minidisk0 = /dev/mnda First VM/ESA minidisk1 = /dev/mndb Second VM/ESA minidisk...96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape...128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind...97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI deviceThese devices support the same API as the generic SCSIdevices.block Packet writing for CD/DVD devices0 = /dev/pktcdvd0 First packet-writing module1 = /dev/pktcdvd1 Second packet-writing module...98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi)0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device...See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/.block User-mode virtual block device0 = /dev/ubd0 First user-mode block device1 = /dev/ubd1 Second user-mode block device...This device is used by the user-mode virtual kernel port.99 char Raw parallel ports0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port...block JavaStation flash disk0 = /dev/jsfd JavaStation flash disk100 char Telephony for Linux0 = /dev/phone0 First telephony device1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephony device...101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls...16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controlsblock AMI HyperDisk RAID controller0 = /dev/amiraid/ar0 First array whole disk16 = /dev/amiraid/ar1 Second array whole disk...240 = /dev/amiraid/ar15 16th array whole diskFor each device, partitions are added as:0 = /dev/amiraid/ar? Whole disk1 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p1 First partition2 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p2 Second partition...15 = /dev/amiraid/ar?p15 15th partition102 char Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder {2.6}0 = /dev/tlk0 First Teletext decoder1 = /dev/tlk1 Second Teletext decoder2 = /dev/tlk2 Third Teletext decoder3 = /dev/tlk3 Fourth Teletext decoderblock Compressed block device0 = /dev/cbd/a First compressed block device, whole device16 = /dev/cbd/b Second compressed block device, whole device...240 = /dev/cbd/p 16th compressed block device, whole devicePartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.103 char Arla network file system0 = /dev/xfs0 Arla XFSArla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.Any resemblance with the Swedish milk producer iscoincidental. For more information about the project,write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or subscribeto the arla announce mailing list by sending a mail to<arla-announce-request@stacken.kth.se>.block Audit device0 = /dev/audit Audit device104 char Flash BIOS supportblock Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, first controller0 = /dev/cciss/c0d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c0d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c0d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port...block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, second controller0 = /dev/cciss/c1d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c1d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c1d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port...block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, third controller0 = /dev/cciss/c2d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c2d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c2d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics deviceblock Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fourth controller0 = /dev/cciss/c3d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c3d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c3d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.108 char Device independent PPP interface0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interfaceblock Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, fifth controller0 = /dev/cciss/c4d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c4d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c4d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.109 char Reserved for logical volume managerblock Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, sixth controller0 = /dev/cciss/c5d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c5d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c5d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.110 char miroMEDIA Surround board0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board...block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, seventh controller0 = /dev/cciss/c6d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c6d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c6d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.111 char Philips SAA7146-based audio/video card {2.6}0 = /dev/av0 First A/V card1 = /dev/av1 Second A/V card...block Compaq Next Generation Drive Array, eigth controller0 = /dev/cciss/c7d0 First logical drive, whole disk16 = /dev/cciss/c7d1 Second logical drive, whole disk...240 = /dev/cciss/c7d15 16th logical drive, whole diskPartitions are handled the same way as for MylexDAC960 (see major number 48) except that the limit onpartitions is 15.112 char ISI serial card0 = /dev/ttyM0 First ISI port1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second ISI port...There is currently a device-naming conflict betweenthese and PAM multimodems (major 78).block IBM iSeries virtual disk0 = /dev/iseries/vda First virtual disk, whole disk8 = /dev/iseries/vdb Second virtual disk, whole disk...200 = /dev/iseries/vdz 26th virtual disk, whole disk208 = /dev/iseries/vdaa 27th virtual disk, whole disk...240 = /dev/iseries/vdaf 32nd virtual disk, whole diskPartitions are handled in the same way as for IDEdisks (see major number 3) except that the limit onpartitions is 7.113 char ISI serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device for ttyM01 = /dev/cum1 Callout device for ttyM1...block IBM iSeries virtual CD-ROM0 = /dev/iseries/vcda First virtual CD-ROM1 = /dev/iseries/vcdb Second virtual CD-ROM...114 char Picture Elements ISE board0 = /dev/ise0 First ISE board1 = /dev/ise1 Second ISE board...128 = /dev/isex0 Control node for first ISE board129 = /dev/isex1 Control node for second ISE board...The ISE board is an embedded computer, optimized forimage processing. The /dev/iseN nodes are the generalI/O access to the board, the /dev/isex0 nodes commandnodes used to control the board.115 char Console driver speaker0 = /dev/speaker Speaker device filePlays music using IBM BASIC style strings.116 char Advanced Linux Sound Driver (ALSA)117 char COSA/SRP synchronous serial card0 = /dev/cosa0c0 1st board, 1st channel1 = /dev/cosa0c1 1st board, 2nd channel...16 = /dev/cosa1c0 2nd board, 1st channel17 = /dev/cosa1c1 2nd board, 2nd channel...118 char Solidum ???0 = /dev/solnp01 = /dev/solnp1...128 = /dev/solnpctl0129 = /dev/solnpctl1...119 char VMware virtual network control0 = /dev/vnet0 1st virtual network1 = /dev/vnet1 2nd virtual network...120-127 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE128-135 char Unix98 PTY mastersThese devices should not have corresponding devicenodes; instead they should be accessed through the/dev/ptmx cloning interface.136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY...These device nodes are automatically generated withthe proper permissions and modes by mounting thedevpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriatemount options (distribution dependent, however, on*most* distributions the appropriate options are"mode=0620,gid=<gid of the "tty" group>".)144 char Encapsulated PPP0 = /dev/pppox0 First PPP over Ethernet...63 = /dev/pppox63 64th PPP over EthernetThis is primarily used for ADSL.The SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface driver has beenrelocated to major 183 due to an unfortunate conflict.145 char SAM9407-based soundcard0 = /dev/sam0_mixer1 = /dev/sam0_sequencer2 = /dev/sam0_midi003 = /dev/sam0_dsp4 = /dev/sam0_audio6 = /dev/sam0_sndstat18 = /dev/sam0_midi0134 = /dev/sam0_midi0250 = /dev/sam0_midi0364 = /dev/sam1_mixer...128 = /dev/sam2_mixer...192 = /dev/sam3_mixer...Device functions match OSS, but offer a number ofaddons, which are sam9407 specific. OSS can beoperated simultaneously, taking care of the codec.146 char SYSTRAM SCRAMNet mirrored-memory network0 = /dev/scramnet0 First SCRAMNet device1 = /dev/scramnet1 Second SCRAMNet device...147 char Aueral Semiconductor Vortex Audio device0 = /dev/aureal0 First Aureal Vortex1 = /dev/aureal1 Second Aureal Vortex...148 char Technology Concepts serial card0 = /dev/ttyT0 First TCL port1 = /dev/ttyT1 Second TCL port...149 char Technology Concepts serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT01 = /dev/cut0 Callout device for ttyT1...150 char Real-Time Linux FIFOs0 = /dev/rtf0 First RTLinux FIFO1 = /dev/rtf1 Second RTLinux FIFO...151 char DPT I2O SmartRaid V controller0 = /dev/dpti0 First DPT I2O adapter1 = /dev/dpti1 Second DPT I2O adapter...154 char Specialix RIO serial card0 = /dev/ttySR0 First RIO port...255 = /dev/ttySR255 256th RIO port155 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cusr0 Callout device for ttySR0...255 = /dev/cusr255 Callout device for ttySR255156 char Specialix RIO serial card0 = /dev/ttySR256 257th RIO port...255 = /dev/ttySR511 512th RIO port157 char Specialix RIO serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cusr256 Callout device for ttySR256...255 = /dev/cusr511 Callout device for ttySR511158 char Dialogic GammaLink fax driver0 = /dev/gfax0 GammaLink channel 01 = /dev/gfax1 GammaLink channel 1...159 RESERVED160 char General Purpose Instrument Bus (GPIB)0 = /dev/gpib0 First GPIB bus1 = /dev/gpib1 Second GPIB bus...161 char IrCOMM devices (IrDA serial/parallel emulation)0 = /dev/ircomm0 First IrCOMM device1 = /dev/ircomm1 Second IrCOMM device...16 = /dev/irlpt0 First IrLPT device17 = /dev/irlpt1 Second IrLPT device...162 char Raw block device interface0 = /dev/rawctl Raw I/O control device1 = /dev/raw/raw1 First raw I/O device2 = /dev/raw/raw2 Second raw I/O device...163 char Radio Tech BIM-XXX-RS232 radio modem0 = /dev/bimrt0 First BIM radio modem1 = /dev/bimrt1 Second BIM radio modem...164 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card0 = /dev/ttyCH0 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 0...15 = /dev/ttyCH15 AT/PCI-Fast board 0, port 1516 = /dev/ttyCH16 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 0...31 = /dev/ttyCH31 AT/PCI-Fast board 1, port 1532 = /dev/ttyCH32 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 0...47 = /dev/ttyCH47 AT/PCI-Fast board 2, port 1548 = /dev/ttyCH48 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 0...63 = /dev/ttyCH63 AT/PCI-Fast board 3, port 15165 char Chase Research AT/PCI-Fast serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuch0 Callout device for ttyCH0...63 = /dev/cuch63 Callout device for ttyCH63166 char ACM USB modems0 = /dev/ttyACM0 First ACM modem1 = /dev/ttyACM1 Second ACM modem...167 char ACM USB modems - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuacm0 Callout device for ttyACM01 = /dev/cuacm1 Callout device for ttyACM1...168 char Eracom CSA7000 PCI encryption adaptor0 = /dev/ecsa0 First CSA70001 = /dev/ecsa1 Second CSA7000...169 char Eracom CSA8000 PCI encryption adaptor0 = /dev/ecsa8-0 First CSA80001 = /dev/ecsa8-1 Second CSA8000...170 char AMI MegaRAC remote access controller0 = /dev/megarac0 First MegaRAC card1 = /dev/megarac1 Second MegaRAC card...171 char Reserved for IEEE 1394 (Firewire)172 char Moxa Intellio serial card0 = /dev/ttyMX0 First Moxa port1 = /dev/ttyMX1 Second Moxa port...127 = /dev/ttyMX127 128th Moxa port128 = /dev/moxactl Moxa control port173 char Moxa Intellio serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cumx0 Callout device for ttyMX01 = /dev/cumx1 Callout device for ttyMX1...127 = /dev/cumx127 Callout device for ttyMX127174 char SmartIO serial card0 = /dev/ttySI0 First SmartIO port1 = /dev/ttySI1 Second SmartIO port...175 char SmartIO serial card - alternate devices0 = /dev/cusi0 Callout device for ttySI01 = /dev/cusi1 Callout device for ttySI1...176 char nCipher nFast PCI crypto accelerator0 = /dev/nfastpci0 First nFast PCI device1 = /dev/nfastpci1 First nFast PCI device...177 char TI PCILynx memory spaces0 = /dev/pcilynx/aux0 AUX space of first PCILynx card...15 = /dev/pcilynx/aux15 AUX space of 16th PCILynx card16 = /dev/pcilynx/rom0 ROM space of first PCILynx card...31 = /dev/pcilynx/rom15 ROM space of 16th PCILynx card32 = /dev/pcilynx/ram0 RAM space of first PCILynx card...47 = /dev/pcilynx/ram15 RAM space of 16th PCILynx card178 char Giganet cLAN1xxx virtual interface adapter0 = /dev/clanvi0 First cLAN adapter1 = /dev/clanvi1 Second cLAN adapter...179 char CCube DVXChip-based PCI products0 = /dev/dvxirq0 First DVX device1 = /dev/dvxirq1 Second DVX device...180 char USB devices0 = /dev/usb/lp0 First USB printer...15 = /dev/usb/lp15 16th USB printer16 = /dev/usb/mouse0 First USB mouse...31 = /dev/usb/mouse15 16th USB mouse32 = /dev/usb/ez0 First USB firmware loader...47 = /dev/usb/ez15 16th USB firmware loader48 = /dev/usb/scanner0 First USB scanner...63 = /dev/usb/scanner15 16th USB scanner64 = /dev/usb/rio500 Diamond Rio 500181 char Conrad Electronic parallel port radio clocks0 = /dev/pcfclock0 First Conrad radio clock1 = /dev/pcfclock1 Second Conrad radio clock...182 char Picture Elements THR2 binarizer0 = /dev/pethr0 First THR2 board1 = /dev/pethr1 Second THR2 board...183 char SST 5136-DN DeviceNet interface0 = /dev/ss5136dn0 First DeviceNet interface1 = /dev/ss5136dn1 Second DeviceNet interface...This device used to be assigned to major number 144.It had to be moved due to an unfortunate conflict.184 char Picture Elements' video simulator/sender0 = /dev/pevss0 First sender board1 = /dev/pevss1 Second sender board...185 char InterMezzo high availability file system0 = /dev/intermezzo0 First cache manager1 = /dev/intermezzo1 Second cache manager...See http://www.inter-mezzo.org/ for more information.186 char Object-based storage control device0 = /dev/obd0 First obd control device1 = /dev/obd1 Second obd control device...See ftp://ftp.lustre.org/pub/obd for code and information.187 char DESkey hardware encryption device0 = /dev/deskey0 First DES key1 = /dev/deskey1 Second DES key...188 char USB serial converters0 = /dev/ttyUSB0 First USB serial converter1 = /dev/ttyUSB1 Second USB serial converter...189 char USB serial converters - alternate devices0 = /dev/cuusb0 Callout device for ttyUSB01 = /dev/cuusb1 Callout device for ttyUSB1...190 char Kansas City tracker/tuner card0 = /dev/kctt0 First KCT/T card1 = /dev/kctt1 Second KCT/T card...191 char Reserved for PCMCIA192 char Kernel profiling interface0 = /dev/profile Profiling control device1 = /dev/profile0 Profiling device for CPU 02 = /dev/profile1 Profiling device for CPU 1...193 char Kernel event-tracing interface0 = /dev/trace Tracing control device1 = /dev/trace0 Tracing device for CPU 02 = /dev/trace1 Tracing device for CPU 1...194 char linVideoStreams (LINVS)0 = /dev/mvideo/status0 Video compression status1 = /dev/mvideo/stream0 Video stream2 = /dev/mvideo/frame0 Single compressed frame3 = /dev/mvideo/rawframe0 Raw uncompressed frame4 = /dev/mvideo/codec0 Direct codec access5 = /dev/mvideo/video4linux0 Video4Linux compatibility16 = /dev/mvideo/status1 Second device...32 = /dev/mvideo/status2 Third device......240 = /dev/mvideo/status15 16th device...195 char Nvidia graphics devices0 = /dev/nvidia0 First Nvidia card1 = /dev/nvidia1 Second Nvidia card...255 = /dev/nvidiactl Nvidia card control device196 char Tormenta T1 card0 = /dev/tor/0 Master control channel for all cards1 = /dev/tor/1 First DS02 = /dev/tor/2 Second DS0...48 = /dev/tor/48 48th DS049 = /dev/tor/49 First pseudo-channel50 = /dev/tor/50 Second pseudo-channel...197 char OpenTNF tracing facility0 = /dev/tnf/t0 Trace 0 data extraction1 = /dev/tnf/t1 Trace 1 data extraction...128 = /dev/tnf/status Tracing facility status130 = /dev/tnf/trace Tracing device198 char Total Impact TPMP2 quad coprocessor PCI card0 = /dev/tpmp2/0 First card1 = /dev/tpmp2/1 Second card...199 char Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes0 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* First volume1 = /dev/vx/rdsk/*/* Second volume...block Veritas volume manager (VxVM) volumes0 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume1 = /dev/vx/dsk/*/* First volume...The namespace in these directories is maintained bythe user space VxVM software.200 char Veritas VxVM configuration interface0 = /dev/vx/config Configuration access node1 = /dev/vx/trace Volume i/o trace access node2 = /dev/vx/iod Volume i/o daemon access node3 = /dev/vx/info Volume information access node4 = /dev/vx/task Volume tasks access node5 = /dev/vx/taskmon Volume tasks monitor daemon201 char Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver0 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* First multipath device1 = /dev/vx/rdmp/* Second multipath device...block Veritas VxVM dynamic multipathing driver0 = /dev/vx/dmp/* First multipath device1 = /dev/vx/dmp/* Second multipath device...The namespace in these directories is maintained bythe user space VxVM software.202 char CPU model-specific registers0 = /dev/cpu/0/msr MSRs on CPU 01 = /dev/cpu/1/msr MSRs on CPU 1...203 char CPU CPUID information0 = /dev/cpu/0/cpuid CPUID on CPU 01 = /dev/cpu/1/cpuid CPUID on CPU 1...204 char Low-density serial ports0 = /dev/ttyLU0 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 01 = /dev/ttyLU1 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 12 = /dev/ttyLU2 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 23 = /dev/ttyLU3 LinkUp Systems L72xx UART - port 34 = /dev/ttyFB0 Intel Footbridge (ARM)5 = /dev/ttySA0 StrongARM builtin serial port 06 = /dev/ttySA1 StrongARM builtin serial port 17 = /dev/ttySA2 StrongARM builtin serial port 28 = /dev/ttySC0 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 09 = /dev/ttySC1 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 110 = /dev/ttySC2 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 211 = /dev/ttySC3 SCI serial port (SuperH) - port 312 = /dev/ttyFW0 Firmware console - port 013 = /dev/ttyFW1 Firmware console - port 114 = /dev/ttyFW2 Firmware console - port 215 = /dev/ttyFW3 Firmware console - port 316 = /dev/ttyAM0 ARM "AMBA" serial port 0...31 = /dev/ttyAM15 ARM "AMBA" serial port 1532 = /dev/ttyDB0 DataBooster serial port 0...39 = /dev/ttyDB7 DataBooster serial port 7205 char Low-density serial ports (alternate device)0 = /dev/culu0 Callout device for ttyLU01 = /dev/culu1 Callout device for ttyLU12 = /dev/culu2 Callout device for ttyLU23 = /dev/culu3 Callout device for ttyLU34 = /dev/cufb0 Callout device for ttyFB05 = /dev/cusa0 Callout device for ttySA06 = /dev/cusa1 Callout device for ttySA17 = /dev/cusa2 Callout device for ttySA28 = /dev/cusc0 Callout device for ttySC09 = /dev/cusc1 Callout device for ttySC110 = /dev/cusc2 Callout device for ttySC211 = /dev/cusc3 Callout device for ttySC312 = /dev/cufw0 Callout device for ttyFW013 = /dev/cufw1 Callout device for ttyFW114 = /dev/cufw2 Callout device for ttyFW215 = /dev/cufw3 Callout device for ttyFW316 = /dev/cuam0 Callout device for ttyAM0...31 = /dev/cuam15 Callout device for ttyAM1532 = /dev/cudb0 Callout device for ttyDB0...39 = /dev/cudb7 Callout device for ttyDB7206 char OnStream SC-x0 tape devices0 = /dev/osst0 First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 01 = /dev/osst1 Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 0...32 = /dev/osst0l First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 133 = /dev/osst1l Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 1...64 = /dev/osst0m First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 265 = /dev/osst1m Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 2...96 = /dev/osst0a First OnStream SCSI tape, mode 397 = /dev/osst1a Second OnStream SCSI tape, mode 3...128 = /dev/nosst0 No rewind version of /dev/osst0129 = /dev/nosst1 No rewind version of /dev/osst1...160 = /dev/nosst0l No rewind version of /dev/osst0l161 = /dev/nosst1l No rewind version of /dev/osst1l...192 = /dev/nosst0m No rewind version of /dev/osst0m193 = /dev/nosst1m No rewind version of /dev/osst1m...224 = /dev/nosst0a No rewind version of /dev/osst0a225 = /dev/nosst1a No rewind version of /dev/osst1a...The OnStream SC-x0 SCSI tapes do not support thestandard SCSI SASD command set and therefore needtheir own driver "osst". Note that the IDE, USB (andmaybe ParPort) versions may be driven via ide-scsi orusb-storage SCSI emulation and this osst device anddriver as well. The ADR-x0 drives are QIC-157compliant and don't need osst.207 char Compaq ProLiant health feature indicate0 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpqw Redirector interface1 = /dev/cpqhealth/crom EISA CROM2 = /dev/cpqhealth/cdt Data Table3 = /dev/cpqhealth/cevt Event Log4 = /dev/cpqhealth/casr Automatic Server Recovery5 = /dev/cpqhealth/cecc ECC Memory6 = /dev/cpqhealth/cmca Machine Check Architecture7 = /dev/cpqhealth/ccsm Deprecated CDT8 = /dev/cpqhealth/cnmi NMI Handling9 = /dev/cpqhealth/css Sideshow Management10 = /dev/cpqhealth/cram CMOS interface11 = /dev/cpqhealth/cpci PCI IRQ interface208 char User space serial ports0 = /dev/ttyU0 First user space serial port1 = /dev/ttyU1 Second user space serial port...209 char User space serial ports (alternate devices)0 = /dev/cuu0 Callout device for ttyU01 = /dev/cuu1 Callout device for ttyU1...210 char SBE, Inc. sync/async serial card0 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg0 Configuration device for board 01 = /dev/sbei/dld0 Download device for board 02 = /dev/sbei/wan00 WAN device, port 0, board 03 = /dev/sbei/wan01 WAN device, port 1, board 04 = /dev/sbei/wan02 WAN device, port 2, board 05 = /dev/sbei/wan03 WAN device, port 3, board 06 = /dev/sbei/wanc00 WAN clone device, port 0, board 07 = /dev/sbei/wanc01 WAN clone device, port 1, board 08 = /dev/sbei/wanc02 WAN clone device, port 2, board 09 = /dev/sbei/wanc03 WAN clone device, port 3, board 010 = /dev/sbei/wxcfg1 Configuration device for board 111 = /dev/sbei/dld1 Download device for board 112 = /dev/sbei/wan10 WAN device, port 0, board 113 = /dev/sbei/wan11 WAN device, port 1, board 114 = /dev/sbei/wan12 WAN device, port 2, board 115 = /dev/sbei/wan13 WAN device, port 3, board 116 = /dev/sbei/wanc10 WAN clone device, port 0, board 117 = /dev/sbei/wanc11 WAN clone device, port 1, board 118 = /dev/sbei/wanc12 WAN clone device, port 2, board 119 = /dev/sbei/wanc13 WAN clone device, port 3, board 1...Yes, each board is really spaced 10 (decimal) apart.211 char Addinum CPCI1500 digital I/O card0 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/0 First CPCI1500 card1 = /dev/addinum/cpci1500/1 Second CPCI1500 card...216 char USB BlueTooth devices0 = /dev/ttyUB0 First USB BlueTooth device1 = /dev/ttyUB1 Second USB BlueTooth device...217 char USB BlueTooth devices (alternate devices)0 = /dev/cuub0 Callout device for ttyUB01 = /dev/cuub1 Callout device for ttyUB1...218 char The Logical Company bus Unibus/Qbus adapters0 = /dev/logicalco/bci/0 First bus adapter1 = /dev/logicalco/bci/1 First bus adapter...219 char The Logical Company DCI-1300 digital I/O card0 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/0 First DCI-1300 card1 = /dev/logicalco/dci1300/1 Second DCI-1300 card...220 char Myricom Myrinet "GM" board0 = /dev/myricom/gm0 First Myrinet GM board1 = /dev/myricom/gmp0 First board "root access"2 = /dev/myricom/gm1 Second Myrinet GM board3 = /dev/myricom/gmp1 Second board "root access"...221 char VME bus0 = /dev/bus/vme/m0 First master image1 = /dev/bus/vme/m1 Second master image2 = /dev/bus/vme/m2 Third master image3 = /dev/bus/vme/m3 Fourth master image4 = /dev/bus/vme/s0 First slave image5 = /dev/bus/vme/s1 Second slave image6 = /dev/bus/vme/s2 Third slave image7 = /dev/bus/vme/s3 Fourth slave image8 = /dev/bus/vme/ctl ControlIt is expected that all VME bus drivers will use thesame interface. For interface documentation seehttp://www.vmelinux.org/.224 char A2232 serial card0 = /dev/ttyY0 First A2232 port1 = /dev/ttyY1 Second A2232 port...225 char A2232 serial card (alternate devices)0 = /dev/cuy0 Callout device for ttyY01 = /dev/cuy1 Callout device for ttyY1...226 char Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI)0 = /dev/dri/card0 First graphics card1 = /dev/dri/card1 Second graphics card...227 char IBM 3270 terminal Unix tty access1 = /dev/3270/tty1 First 3270 terminal2 = /dev/3270/tty2 Seconds 3270 terminal...228 char IBM 3270 terminal block-mode access0 = /dev/3270/tub Controlling interface1 = /dev/3270/tub1 First 3270 terminal2 = /dev/3270/tub2 Second 3270 terminal...229 char IBM iSeries virtual console0 = /dev/iseries/vtty0 First console port1 = /dev/iseries/vtty1 Second console port...230 char IBM iSeries virtual tape0 = /dev/iseries/vt0 First virtual tape, mode 01 = /dev/iseries/vt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0...32 = /dev/iseries/vt0l First virtual tape, mode 133 = /dev/iseries/vt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1...64 = /dev/iseries/vt0m First virtual tape, mode 265 = /dev/iseries/vt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2...96 = /dev/iseries/vt0a First virtual tape, mode 397 = /dev/iseries/vt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3...128 = /dev/iseries/nvt0 First virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind129 = /dev/iseries/nvt1 Second virtual tape, mode 0, no rewind...160 = /dev/iseries/nvt0l First virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind161 = /dev/iseries/nvt1l Second virtual tape, mode 1, no rewind...192 = /dev/iseries/nvt0m First virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind193 = /dev/iseries/nvt1m Second virtual tape, mode 2, no rewind...224 = /dev/iseries/nvt0a First virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind225 = /dev/iseries/nvt1a Second virtual tape, mode 3, no rewind..."No rewind" refers to the omission of the defaultautomatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFLioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless ofthe device used to access it.231-239 UNASSIGNED240-254 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE255 RESERVEDThis major is reserved to assist the expansion to alarger number space. No device nodes with this majorshould ever be created on the filesystem.**** ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIESThis section details additional entries that should or may exist inthe /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the sameform (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links areclassified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type oflink; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.Compulsory linksThese links should exist on all systems:/dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors/dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor/dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor/dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor/dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2/dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2Note: /dev/X0R is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.Recommended linksIt is recommended that these links exist on all systems:/dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/i2o* /dev/i2o/* symbolic Backward compatibility/dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM nameLocally defined linksThe following links may be established locally to conform to theconfiguration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existingpractice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if theyexist, they should have the following uses./dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device/dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device/dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device/dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device/dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device/dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device/dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem/dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device/dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin aswell as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If itexists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device(the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas/dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate genericSCSI devices (/dev/sg*)./dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mousedevice, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata).Sockets and pipesNon-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:/dev/printer socket lpd local socket/dev/log socket syslog local socket/dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexerMount pointsThe following names are reserved for mounting special filesystemsunder /dev. These special filesystems provide kernel interfaces thatcannot be provided with standard device nodes./dev/pts devpts PTY slave filesystem/dev/shm shmfs POSIX shared memory maintenance access**** TERMINAL DEVICESTerminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. Aterminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminalfor a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, andpseudoterminals (PTYs).All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as linediciplines; these include the common terminal line dicipline as wellas SLIP and PPP modes.All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains thenaming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the namingconventions include several historical warts; some of these areLinux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and somereflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimalnumber without leading zeroes.Virtual consoles and the console deviceVirtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system videomonitor. Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numberingstarting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console./dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system videocard on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices(/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use /dev/consolefor this purpose.The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which systemmessages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted insingle-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managedby the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link toeither /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or toa serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on theconfiguration of the system.Serial portsSerial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulatesone, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (suchas the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two devicenames, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For anyletter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#. In the future, it should beexpected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be uppercase for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the"cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhatdifferent defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is toallow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or brokensupport for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may beremoved from a future version of Linux.Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files withthe names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#. The contents of the lock file shouldbe the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modemwhich point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in thepresence of these links, it is recommended that software chasesymlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommendedthat a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternatedevice. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locksare acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem)2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2)In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should beinstalled in the order the symlinks are resolved.Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waitingfor another to be released. In addition, applications which attemptto create lock files for the corresponding alternate device namesshould take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serialport TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.Pseudoterminals (PTYs)Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provideother capabilities requiring a TTY line dicipline (including SLIP orPPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY hasa master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named/dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs byallowing each master side to be opened only once.Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave devicecan be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master andslave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalentof a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support forthe System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a commondevice, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automaticallygive you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting thenamespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the devicenodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.