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[/] [or1k/] [trunk/] [linux/] [linux-2.4/] [arch/] [x86_64/] [boot/] [bootsect.S] - Rev 1765
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/*
* bootsect.S Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
*
* modified by Drew Eckhardt
* modified by Bruce Evans (bde)
* modified by Chris Noe (May 1999) (as86 -> gas)
*
* 360k/720k disk support: Andrzej Krzysztofowicz <ankry@green.mif.pg.gda.pl>
*
* BIG FAT NOTE: We're in real mode using 64k segments. Therefore segment
* addresses must be multiplied by 16 to obtain their respective linear
* addresses. To avoid confusion, linear addresses are written using leading
* hex while segment addresses are written as segment:offset.
*
* bde - should not jump blindly, there may be systems with only 512K low
* memory. Use int 0x12 to get the top of memory, etc.
*
* It then loads 'setup' directly after itself (0x90200), and the system
* at 0x10000, using BIOS interrupts.
*
* NOTE! currently system is at most (8*65536-4096) bytes long. This should
* be no problem, even in the future. I want to keep it simple. This 508 kB
* kernel size should be enough, especially as this doesn't contain the
* buffer cache as in minix (and especially now that the kernel is
* compressed :-)
*
* The loader has been made as simple as possible, and continuous
* read errors will result in a unbreakable loop. Reboot by hand. It
* loads pretty fast by getting whole tracks at a time whenever possible.
*/
#include <asm/boot.h>
SETUPSECTS = 4 /* default nr of setup-sectors */
BOOTSEG = 0x07C0 /* original address of boot-sector */
INITSEG = DEF_INITSEG /* we move boot here - out of the way */
SETUPSEG = DEF_SETUPSEG /* setup starts here */
SYSSEG = DEF_SYSSEG /* system loaded at 0x10000 (65536) */
SYSSIZE = DEF_SYSSIZE /* system size: # of 16-byte clicks */
/* to be loaded */
ROOT_DEV = 0 /* ROOT_DEV is now written by "build" */
SWAP_DEV = 0 /* SWAP_DEV is now written by "build" */
#ifndef SVGA_MODE
#define SVGA_MODE ASK_VGA
#endif
#ifndef RAMDISK
#define RAMDISK 0
#endif
#ifndef ROOT_RDONLY
#define ROOT_RDONLY 1
#endif
.code16
.text
.global _start
_start:
# First things first. Move ourself from 0x7C00 -> 0x90000 and jump there.
movw $BOOTSEG, %ax
movw %ax, %ds # %ds = BOOTSEG
movw $INITSEG, %ax
movw %ax, %es # %ax = %es = INITSEG
movw $256, %cx
subw %si, %si
subw %di, %di
cld
rep
movsw
ljmp $INITSEG, $go
# bde - changed 0xff00 to 0x4000 to use debugger at 0x6400 up (bde). We
# wouldn't have to worry about this if we checked the top of memory. Also
# my BIOS can be configured to put the wini drive tables in high memory
# instead of in the vector table. The old stack might have clobbered the
# drive table.
go: movw $0x4000-12, %di # 0x4000 is an arbitrary value >=
# length of bootsect + length of
# setup + room for stack;
# 12 is disk parm size.
movw %ax, %ds # %ax and %es already contain INITSEG
movw %ax, %ss
movw %di, %sp # put stack at INITSEG:0x4000-12.
# Many BIOS's default disk parameter tables will not recognize
# multi-sector reads beyond the maximum sector number specified
# in the default diskette parameter tables - this may mean 7
# sectors in some cases.
#
# Since single sector reads are slow and out of the question,
# we must take care of this by creating new parameter tables
# (for the first disk) in RAM. We will set the maximum sector
# count to 36 - the most we will encounter on an ED 2.88.
#
# High doesn't hurt. Low does.
#
# Segments are as follows: %cs = %ds = %es = %ss = INITSEG, %fs = 0,
# and %gs is unused.
movw %cx, %fs # %fs = 0
movw $0x78, %bx # %fs:%bx is parameter table address
pushw %ds
ldsw %fs:(%bx), %si # %ds:%si is source
movb $6, %cl # copy 12 bytes
pushw %di # %di = 0x4000-12.
rep # don't worry about cld
movsw # already done above
popw %di
popw %ds
movb $36, 0x4(%di) # patch sector count
movw %di, %fs:(%bx)
movw %es, %fs:2(%bx)
# Get disk drive parameters, specifically number of sectors/track.
# It seems that there is no BIOS call to get the number of sectors.
# Guess 36 sectors if sector 36 can be read, 18 sectors if sector 18
# can be read, 15 if sector 15 can be read. Otherwise guess 9.
# Note that %cx = 0 from rep movsw above.
movw $disksizes, %si # table of sizes to try
probe_loop:
lodsb
cbtw # extend to word
movw %ax, sectors
cmpw $disksizes+4, %si
jae got_sectors # If all else fails, try 9
xchgw %cx, %ax # %cx = track and sector
xorw %dx, %dx # drive 0, head 0
movw $0x0200, %bx # address = 512, in INITSEG (%es = %cs)
movw $0x0201, %ax # service 2, 1 sector
int $0x13
jc probe_loop # try next value
got_sectors:
movb $0x03, %ah # read cursor pos
xorb %bh, %bh
int $0x10
movw $9, %cx
movb $0x07, %bl # page 0, attribute 7 (normal)
# %bh is set above; int10 doesn't
# modify it
movw $msg1, %bp
movw $0x1301, %ax # write string, move cursor
int $0x10 # tell the user we're loading..
# Load the setup-sectors directly after the moved bootblock (at 0x90200).
# We should know the drive geometry to do it, as setup may exceed first
# cylinder (for 9-sector 360K and 720K floppies).
movw $0x0001, %ax # set sread (sector-to-read) to 1 as
movw $sread, %si # the boot sector has already been read
movw %ax, (%si)
xorw %ax, %ax # reset FDC
xorb %dl, %dl
int $0x13
movw $0x0200, %bx # address = 512, in INITSEG
next_step:
movb setup_sects, %al
movw sectors, %cx
subw (%si), %cx # (%si) = sread
cmpb %cl, %al
jbe no_cyl_crossing
movw sectors, %ax
subw (%si), %ax # (%si) = sread
no_cyl_crossing:
call read_track
pushw %ax # save it
call set_next # set %bx properly; it uses %ax,%cx,%dx
popw %ax # restore
subb %al, setup_sects # rest - for next step
jnz next_step
pushw $SYSSEG
popw %es # %es = SYSSEG
call read_it
call kill_motor
call print_nl
# After that we check which root-device to use. If the device is
# defined (!= 0), nothing is done and the given device is used.
# Otherwise, one of /dev/fd0H2880 (2,32) or /dev/PS0 (2,28) or /dev/at0 (2,8)
# depending on the number of sectors we pretend to know we have.
# Segments are as follows: %cs = %ds = %ss = INITSEG,
# %es = SYSSEG, %fs = 0, %gs is unused.
movw root_dev, %ax
orw %ax, %ax
jne root_defined
movw sectors, %bx
movw $0x0208, %ax # /dev/ps0 - 1.2Mb
cmpw $15, %bx
je root_defined
movb $0x1c, %al # /dev/PS0 - 1.44Mb
cmpw $18, %bx
je root_defined
movb $0x20, %al # /dev/fd0H2880 - 2.88Mb
cmpw $36, %bx
je root_defined
movb $0, %al # /dev/fd0 - autodetect
root_defined:
movw %ax, root_dev
# After that (everything loaded), we jump to the setup-routine
# loaded directly after the bootblock:
ljmp $SETUPSEG, $0
# These variables are addressed via %si register as it gives shorter code.
sread: .word 0 # sectors read of current track
head: .word 0 # current head
track: .word 0 # current track
# This routine loads the system at address SYSSEG, making sure
# no 64kB boundaries are crossed. We try to load it as fast as
# possible, loading whole tracks whenever we can.
read_it:
movw %es, %ax # %es = SYSSEG when called
testw $0x0fff, %ax
die: jne die # %es must be at 64kB boundary
xorw %bx, %bx # %bx is starting address within segment
rp_read:
#ifdef __BIG_KERNEL__ # look in setup.S for bootsect_kludge
bootsect_kludge = 0x220 # 0x200 + 0x20 which is the size of the
lcall bootsect_kludge # bootsector + bootsect_kludge offset
#else
movw %es, %ax
subw $SYSSEG, %ax
movw %bx, %cx
shr $4, %cx
add %cx, %ax # check offset
#endif
cmpw syssize, %ax # have we loaded everything yet?
jbe ok1_read
ret
ok1_read:
movw sectors, %ax
subw (%si), %ax # (%si) = sread
movw %ax, %cx
shlw $9, %cx
addw %bx, %cx
jnc ok2_read
je ok2_read
xorw %ax, %ax
subw %bx, %ax
shrw $9, %ax
ok2_read:
call read_track
call set_next
jmp rp_read
read_track:
pusha
pusha
movw $0xe2e, %ax # loading... message 2e = .
movw $7, %bx
int $0x10
popa
# Accessing head, track, sread via %si gives shorter code.
movw 4(%si), %dx # 4(%si) = track
movw (%si), %cx # (%si) = sread
incw %cx
movb %dl, %ch
movw 2(%si), %dx # 2(%si) = head
movb %dl, %dh
andw $0x0100, %dx
movb $2, %ah
pushw %dx # save for error dump
pushw %cx
pushw %bx
pushw %ax
int $0x13
jc bad_rt
addw $8, %sp
popa
ret
set_next:
movw %ax, %cx
addw (%si), %ax # (%si) = sread
cmp sectors, %ax
jne ok3_set
movw $0x0001, %ax
xorw %ax, 2(%si) # change head
jne ok4_set
incw 4(%si) # next track
ok4_set:
xorw %ax, %ax
ok3_set:
movw %ax, (%si) # set sread
shlw $9, %cx
addw %cx, %bx
jnc set_next_fin
movw %es, %ax
addb $0x10, %ah
movw %ax, %es
xorw %bx, %bx
set_next_fin:
ret
bad_rt:
pushw %ax # save error code
call print_all # %ah = error, %al = read
xorb %ah, %ah
xorb %dl, %dl
int $0x13
addw $10, %sp
popa
jmp read_track
# print_all is for debugging purposes.
#
# it will print out all of the registers. The assumption is that this is
# called from a routine, with a stack frame like
#
# %dx
# %cx
# %bx
# %ax
# (error)
# ret <- %sp
print_all:
movw $5, %cx # error code + 4 registers
movw %sp, %bp
print_loop:
pushw %cx # save count remaining
call print_nl # <-- for readability
cmpb $5, %cl
jae no_reg # see if register name is needed
movw $0xe05 + 'A' - 1, %ax
subb %cl, %al
int $0x10
movb $'X', %al
int $0x10
movb $':', %al
int $0x10
no_reg:
addw $2, %bp # next register
call print_hex # print it
popw %cx
loop print_loop
ret
print_nl:
movw $0xe0d, %ax # CR
int $0x10
movb $0xa, %al # LF
int $0x10
ret
# print_hex is for debugging purposes, and prints the word
# pointed to by %ss:%bp in hexadecimal.
print_hex:
movw $4, %cx # 4 hex digits
movw (%bp), %dx # load word into %dx
print_digit:
rolw $4, %dx # rotate to use low 4 bits
movw $0xe0f, %ax # %ah = request
andb %dl, %al # %al = mask for nybble
addb $0x90, %al # convert %al to ascii hex
daa # in only four instructions!
adc $0x40, %al
daa
int $0x10
loop print_digit
ret
# This procedure turns off the floppy drive motor, so
# that we enter the kernel in a known state, and
# don't have to worry about it later.
# NOTE: Doesn't save %ax or %dx; do it yourself if you need to.
kill_motor:
xorw %ax, %ax # reset FDC
xorb %dl, %dl
int $0x13
ret
sectors: .word 0
disksizes: .byte 36, 18, 15, 9
msg1: .byte 13, 10
.ascii "Loading"
# XXX: This is a fairly snug fit.
.org 497
setup_sects: .byte SETUPSECTS
root_flags: .word ROOT_RDONLY
syssize: .word SYSSIZE
swap_dev: .word SWAP_DEV
ram_size: .word RAMDISK
vid_mode: .word SVGA_MODE
root_dev: .word ROOT_DEV
boot_flag: .word 0xAA55