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[/] [or1k/] [trunk/] [rc203soc/] [sw/] [uClinux/] [arch/] [m68k/] [boot/] [amiga/] [bootstrap.c] - Rev 1765
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/* ** bootstrap.c -- This program loads the Linux/68k kernel into an Amiga ** and launches it. ** ** Copyright 1993,1994 by Hamish Macdonald, Greg Harp ** ** Modified 11-May-94 by Geert Uytterhoeven ** (Geert.Uytterhoeven@cs.kuleuven.ac.be) ** - A3640 MapROM check ** Modified 31-May-94 by Geert Uytterhoeven ** - Memory thrash problem solved ** Modified 07-March-95 by Geert Uytterhoeven ** - Memory block sizes are rounded to a multiple of 256K instead of 1M ** This _requires_ >0.9pl5 to work! ** (unless all block sizes are multiples of 1M :-) ** ** This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public ** License. See the file COPYING in the main directory of this archive ** for more details. ** */ #include <stddef.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/file.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> /* Amiga bootstrap include file */ #include "bootstrap.h" /* required Linux/68k include files */ #include <linux/a.out.h> #include <asm/bootinfo.h> /* temporary stack size */ #define TEMP_STACKSIZE 256 /* Exec Base */ extern struct ExecBase *SysBase; extern char *optarg; struct exec kexec; char *memptr; u_long start_mem; u_long mem_size; u_long rd_size; struct ExpansionBase *ExpansionBase; struct GfxBase *GfxBase; struct bootinfo bi; u_long bi_size = sizeof bi; caddr_t CustomBase = (caddr_t)CUSTOM_PHYSADDR; void usage(void) { fprintf (stderr, "Usage:\n" "\tbootstrap [-d] [-k kernel_executable] [-r ramdisk_file]" " [option...]\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* * This assembler code is copied to chip ram, and * then executed. * It copies the kernel (and ramdisk) to their * final resting place. */ #ifndef __GNUC__ #error GNU CC is required to compile the bootstrap program #endif asm(" .text .globl _copyall, _copyallend _copyall: | /* put variables in registers because they may */ lea _kexec,a3 | /* be overwritten by kernel/ramdisk copy!! - G.U. */ movel _memptr,a4 movel _start_mem,a5 movel _mem_size,d0 movel _rd_size,d1 movel _bi_size,d5 movel a3@(4),d2 | kexec.a_text movel a3@(8),d3 | kexec.a_data movel a3@(12),d4 | kexec.a_bss | /* copy kernel text and data */ movel a4,a0 | src = (u_long *)memptr; movel a0,a2 | limit = (u_long *)(memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data); addl d2,a2 addl d3,a2 movel a5,a1 | dest = (u_long *)start_mem; 1: cmpl a0,a2 beqs 2f | while (src < limit) moveb a0@+,a1@+ | *dest++ = *src++; bras 1b 2: | /* clear kernel bss */ movel a1,a0 | dest = (u_long *)(start_mem + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data); movel a1,a2 | limit = dest + kexec.a_bss / sizeof(u_long); addl d4,a2 1: cmpl a0,a2 beqs 2f | while (dest < limit) clrb a0@+ | *dest++ = 0; bras 1b 2: | /* copy bootinfo to end of bss */ movel a4,a1 | src = (u long *)memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data); addl d2,a1 addl d3,a1 | dest = end of bss (already in a0) movel d5,d7 | count = sizeof bi subql #1,d7 1: moveb a1@+,a0@+ | while (--count > -1) dbra d7,1b | *dest++ = *src++ | /* copy the ramdisk to the top of memory (from back to front) */ movel a5,a1 | dest = (u_long *)(start_mem + mem_size); addl d0,a1 movel a4,a2 | limit = (u_long *)(memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data + sizeof bi); addl d2,a2 addl d3,a2 addl d5,a2 movel a2,a0 | src = (u_long *)((u_long)limit + rd_size); addl d1,a0 1: cmpl a0,a2 beqs 2f | while (src > limit) moveb a0@-,a1@- | *--dest = *--src; bras 1b 2: | /* jump to start of kernel */ movel a5,a0 | jump_to (START_MEM); jsr a0@ _copyallend: "); asm(" .text .globl _maprommed _maprommed: oriw #0x0700,sr moveml #0x3f20,sp@- /* Save cache settings */ .long 0x4e7a1002 /* movec cacr,d1 */ /* Save MMU settings */ .long 0x4e7a2003 /* movec tc,d2 */ .long 0x4e7a3004 /* movec itt0,d3 */ .long 0x4e7a4005 /* movec itt1,d4 */ .long 0x4e7a5006 /* movec dtt0,d5 */ .long 0x4e7a6007 /* movec dtt1,d6 */ moveq #0,d0 movel d0,a2 /* Disable caches */ .long 0x4e7b0002 /* movec d0,cacr */ /* Disable MMU */ .long 0x4e7b0003 /* movec d0,tc */ .long 0x4e7b0004 /* movec d0,itt0 */ .long 0x4e7b0005 /* movec d0,itt1 */ .long 0x4e7b0006 /* movec d0,dtt0 */ .long 0x4e7b0007 /* movec d0,dtt1 */ lea 0x07f80000,a0 lea 0x00f80000,a1 movel a0@,d7 cmpl a1@,d7 jnes 1f movel d7,d0 notl d0 movel d0,a0@ nop cmpl a1@,d0 jnes 1f /* MapROMmed A3640 present */ moveq #-1,d0 movel d0,a2 1: movel d7,a0@ /* Restore MMU settings */ .long 0x4e7b2003 /* movec d2,tc */ .long 0x4e7b3004 /* movec d3,itt0 */ .long 0x4e7b4005 /* movec d4,itt1 */ .long 0x4e7b5006 /* movec d5,dtt0 */ .long 0x4e7b6007 /* movec d6,dtt1 */ /* Restore cache settings */ .long 0x4e7b1002 /* movec d1,cacr */ movel a2,d0 moveml sp@+,#0x04fc rte "); extern unsigned long maprommed(); extern char copyall, copyallend; int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int ch, debugflag = 0, kfd, rfd = -1, i; long fast_total = 0; /* total Fast RAM in system */ struct MemHeader *mnp; struct ConfigDev *cdp = NULL; char *kernel_name = "vmlinux"; char *ramdisk_name = NULL; char *memfile = NULL; u_long memreq; void (*startfunc)(void); long startcodesize; u_long *stack, text_offset; unsigned char *rb3_reg = NULL, *piccolo_reg = NULL, *sd64_reg = NULL; /* print the greet message */ puts("Linux/68k Amiga Bootstrap version 1.11"); puts("Copyright 1993,1994 by Hamish Macdonald and Greg Harp\n"); /* machine is Amiga */ bi.machtype = MACH_AMIGA; /* check arguments */ while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dk:r:m:")) != EOF) switch (ch) { case 'd': debugflag = 1; break; case 'k': kernel_name = optarg; break; case 'r': ramdisk_name = optarg; break; case 'm': memfile = optarg; break; case '?': default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; SysBase = *(struct ExecBase **)4; /* Memory & AutoConfig based on 'unix_boot.c' by C= */ /* open Expansion Library */ ExpansionBase = (struct ExpansionBase *)OpenLibrary("expansion.library", 36); if (!ExpansionBase) { puts("Unable to open expansion.library V36 or greater! Aborting..."); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /* find all of the autoconfig boards in the system */ cdp = (struct ConfigDev *)FindConfigDev(cdp, -1, -1); for (i=0; (i < NUM_AUTO) && cdp; i++) { /* copy the contents of each structure into our boot info */ memcpy(&bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i], cdp, sizeof(struct ConfigDev)); /* count this device */ bi.bi_amiga.num_autocon++; /* get next device */ cdp = (struct ConfigDev *)FindConfigDev(cdp, -1, -1); } /* find out the memory in the system */ for (mnp = (struct MemHeader *)SysBase->MemList.l_head; (bi.num_memory < NUM_MEMINFO) && mnp->mh_Node.ln_Succ; mnp = (struct MemHeader *)mnp->mh_Node.ln_Succ) { struct MemHeader mh; /* copy the information */ mh = *mnp; /* if we suspect that Kickstart is shadowed in an A3000, modify the entry to show 512K more at the top of RAM Check first for a MapROMmed A3640 board: overwriting the Kickstart image causes an infinite lock-up on reboot! */ if (mh.mh_Upper == (void *)0x07f80000) if ((SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68040) && Supervisor(maprommed)) printf("A3640 MapROM detected.\n"); else { mh.mh_Upper = (void *)0x08000000; printf("A3000 shadowed Kickstart detected.\n"); } /* if we suspect that Kickstart is zkicked, modify the entry to show 512K more at the bottom of RAM */ if (mh.mh_Lower == (void *)0x00280020) { mh.mh_Lower = (void *)0x00200000; printf("ZKick detected.\n"); } /* * If this machine has "LOCAL" memory between 0x07000000 * and 0x080000000, then we'll call it an A3000. */ if (mh.mh_Lower >= (void *)0x07000000 && mh.mh_Lower < (void *)0x08000000 && (mh.mh_Attributes & MEMF_LOCAL)) bi.bi_amiga.model = AMI_3000; /* mask the memory limit values */ mh.mh_Upper = (void *)((u_long)mh.mh_Upper & 0xfffff000); mh.mh_Lower = (void *)((u_long)mh.mh_Lower & 0xfffff000); /* if fast memory */ if (mh.mh_Attributes & MEMF_FAST) { unsigned long size; /* record the start */ bi.memory[bi.num_memory].addr = (u_long)mh.mh_Lower; /* set the size value to the size of this block */ size = (u_long)mh.mh_Upper - (u_long)mh.mh_Lower; /* mask off to a 256K increment */ size &= 0xfffc0000; fast_total += size; if (size > 0) /* count this block */ bi.memory[bi.num_memory++].size = size; } else if (mh.mh_Attributes & MEMF_CHIP) { /* if CHIP memory, record the size */ bi.bi_amiga.chip_size = (u_long)mh.mh_Upper; /* - (u_long)mh.mh_Lower; */ } } CloseLibrary((struct Library *)ExpansionBase); /* * if we have a memory file, read the memory information from it */ if (memfile) { FILE *fp; int i; if ((fp = fopen (memfile, "r")) == NULL) { perror ("open memory file"); fprintf (stderr, "Cannot open memory file %s\n", memfile); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (fscanf (fp, "%lu", &bi.bi_amiga.chip_size) != 1) { fprintf (stderr, "memory file does not contain chip memory size\n"); fclose (fp); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } for (i = 0; i < NUM_MEMINFO; i++) { if (fscanf (fp, "%lx %lu", &bi.memory[i].addr, &bi.memory[i].size) != 2) break; } fclose (fp); if (i != bi.num_memory && i > 0) bi.num_memory = i; } /* get info from ExecBase */ bi.bi_amiga.vblank = SysBase->VBlankFrequency; bi.bi_amiga.psfreq = SysBase->PowerSupplyFrequency; bi.bi_amiga.eclock = SysBase->EClockFrequency; /* open graphics library */ GfxBase = (struct GfxBase *)OpenLibrary ("graphics.library", 0); /* determine chipset */ bi.bi_amiga.chipset = CS_STONEAGE; if(GfxBase) { if(GfxBase->ChipRevBits0 & GFXG_AGA) { bi.bi_amiga.chipset = CS_AGA; /* * we considered this machine to be an A3000 because of its * local memory just beneath $8000000; now if it has AGA, it * must be an A4000 * except the case no RAM is installed on the motherboard but * on an additional card like FastLane Z3 or on the processor * board itself. Gotta check this out. */ bi.bi_amiga.model = (bi.bi_amiga.model == AMI_3000) ? AMI_4000 : AMI_1200; } else if(GfxBase->ChipRevBits0 & GFXG_ECS) bi.bi_amiga.chipset = CS_ECS; else if(GfxBase->ChipRevBits0 & GFXG_OCS) bi.bi_amiga.chipset = CS_OCS; } /* Display amiga model */ switch (bi.bi_amiga.model) { case AMI_UNKNOWN: break; case AMI_500: printf ("Amiga 500 "); break; case AMI_2000: printf ("Amiga 2000 "); break; case AMI_3000: printf ("Amiga 3000 "); break; case AMI_4000: printf ("Amiga 4000 "); break; case AMI_1200: /* this implies an upgraded model */ printf ("Amiga 1200 "); /* equipped with at least 68030 !!! */ break; } /* display and set the CPU <type */ printf("CPU: "); if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68040) { printf("68040"); bi.cputype = CPU_68040; if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_FPU40) { printf(" with internal FPU"); bi.cputype |= FPU_68040; } else printf(" without FPU"); } else { if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68030) { printf("68030"); bi.cputype = CPU_68030; } else if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68020) { printf("68020 (Do you have an MMU?)"); bi.cputype = CPU_68020; } else { puts("Insufficient for Linux. Aborting..."); printf("SysBase->AttnFlags = %#x\n", SysBase->AttnFlags); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68882) { printf(" with 68882 FPU"); bi.cputype |= FPU_68882; } else if (SysBase->AttnFlags & AFF_68881) { printf(" with 68881 FPU"); bi.cputype |= FPU_68881; } else printf(" without FPU"); } switch(bi.bi_amiga.chipset) { case CS_STONEAGE: printf(", old or unknown chipset"); break; case CS_OCS: printf(", OCS"); break; case CS_ECS: printf(", ECS"); break; case CS_AGA: printf(", AGA chipset"); break; } putchar ('\n'); putchar ('\n'); /* * Copy command line options into the kernel command line. */ i = 0; while (argc--) { if ((i+strlen(*argv)+1) < CL_SIZE) { i += strlen(*argv) + 1; if (bi.command_line[0]) strcat (bi.command_line, " "); strcat (bi.command_line, *argv++); } } printf ("Command line is '%s'\n", bi.command_line); /* display the clock statistics */ printf("Vertical Blank Frequency: %dHz\nPower Supply Frequency: %dHz\n", bi.bi_amiga.vblank, bi.bi_amiga.psfreq); printf("EClock Frequency: %7.5fKHz\n\n", (float)bi.bi_amiga.eclock / 1000); /* display autoconfig devices */ if (bi.bi_amiga.num_autocon) { printf("Found %d AutoConfig Device%s", bi.bi_amiga.num_autocon, (bi.bi_amiga.num_autocon > 1)?"s\n":"\n"); for (i=0; i<bi.bi_amiga.num_autocon; i++) { printf("Device %d: addr = %08lx\n", i, (u_long)bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_BoardAddr); /* check for a Rainbow 3 and prepare to reset it if there is one */ if ( (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Manufacturer == MANUF_HELFRICH1) && (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Product == PROD_RAINBOW3) ) { printf("(Found a Rainbow 3 board - will reset it at kernel boot time)\n"); rb3_reg = (unsigned char *)(bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_BoardAddr + 0x01002000); } /* check for a Piccolo and prepare to reset it if there is one */ if ( (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Manufacturer == MANUF_HELFRICH2) && (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Product == PROD_PICCOLO_REG) ) { printf("(Found a Piccolo board - will reset it at kernel boot time)\n"); piccolo_reg = (unsigned char *)(bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_BoardAddr + 0x8000); } /* check for a SD64 and prepare to reset it if there is one */ if ( (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Manufacturer == MANUF_HELFRICH2) && (bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_Rom.er_Product == PROD_SD64_REG) ) { printf("(Found a SD64 board - will reset it at kernel boot time)\n"); sd64_reg = (unsigned char *)(bi.bi_amiga.autocon[i].cd_BoardAddr + 0x8000); } /* what this code lacks - what if there are several boards of */ /* the same brand ? In that case I should reset them one after */ /* the other, which is currently not done - a rare case...FN */ /* ok, MY amiga currently hosts all three of the above boards ;-) */ } } else puts("No AutoConfig Devices Found"); /* display memory */ if (bi.num_memory) { printf("\n%d Block%sof Memory Found\n", bi.num_memory, (bi.num_memory > 1)?"s ":" "); for (i=0; i<bi.num_memory; i++) { printf("Block %d: %08lx to %08lx (%ldKB)\n", i, bi.memory[i].addr, bi.memory[i].addr + bi.memory[i].size, bi.memory[i].size >> 10); } } else { puts("No memory found?! Aborting..."); exit(10); } /* display chip memory size */ printf ("%ldK of CHIP memory\n", bi.bi_amiga.chip_size >> 10); start_mem = bi.memory[0].addr; mem_size = bi.memory[0].size; /* tell us where the kernel will go */ printf("\nThe kernel will be located at %08lx\n", start_mem); /* verify that there is enough Chip RAM */ if (bi.bi_amiga.chip_size < 512*1024) { puts("\nNot enough Chip RAM in this system. Aborting..."); exit(10); } /* verify that there is enough Fast RAM */ if (fast_total < 2*1024*1024) { puts("\nNot enough Fast RAM in this system. Aborting..."); exit(10); } /* open kernel executable and read exec header */ if ((kfd = open (kernel_name, O_RDONLY)) == -1) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to open kernel file %s\n", kernel_name); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (read (kfd, (void *)&kexec, sizeof(kexec)) != sizeof(kexec)) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to read exec header from %s\n", kernel_name); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } switch (N_MAGIC(kexec)) { case ZMAGIC: text_offset = N_TXTOFF(kexec); break; case QMAGIC: text_offset = sizeof(kexec); /* the text size includes the exec header; remove this */ kexec.a_text -= sizeof(kexec); break; default: fprintf (stderr, "Wrong magic number %lo in kernel header\n", N_MAGIC(kexec)); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* Load the kernel at one page after start of mem */ start_mem += PAGE_SIZE; mem_size -= PAGE_SIZE; /* Align bss size to multiple of four */ kexec.a_bss = (kexec.a_bss + 3) & ~3; if (ramdisk_name) { if ((rfd = open (ramdisk_name, O_RDONLY)) == -1) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to open ramdisk file %s\n", ramdisk_name); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* record ramdisk size */ bi.ramdisk_size = (lseek (rfd, 0, L_XTND) + 1023) >> 10; } else bi.ramdisk_size = 0; rd_size = bi.ramdisk_size << 10; bi.ramdisk_addr = (u_long)start_mem + mem_size - rd_size; memreq = kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data + sizeof(bi) + rd_size; if (!(memptr = (char *)AllocMem (memreq, MEMF_FAST | MEMF_CLEAR))) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to allocate memory\n"); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (lseek (kfd, text_offset, L_SET) == -1) { fprintf (stderr, "Failed to seek to text\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (read (kfd, memptr, kexec.a_text) != kexec.a_text) { fprintf (stderr, "Failed to read text\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* data follows immediately after text */ if (read (kfd, memptr + kexec.a_text, kexec.a_data) != kexec.a_data) { fprintf (stderr, "Failed to read data\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } close (kfd); /* copy the boot_info struct to the end of the kernel image */ memcpy ((void *)(memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data), &bi, sizeof(bi)); if (rfd != -1) { if (lseek (rfd, 0, L_SET) == -1) { fprintf (stderr, "Failed to seek to beginning of ramdisk file\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } if (read (rfd, memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data + sizeof(bi), rd_size) != rd_size) { fprintf (stderr, "Failed to read ramdisk file\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } close (rfd); } /* allocate temporary chip ram stack */ stack = (u_long *)AllocMem( TEMP_STACKSIZE, MEMF_CHIP|MEMF_CLEAR); if (!stack) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for stack\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* allocate chip ram for copy of startup code */ startcodesize = ©allend - ©all; startfunc = (void (*)(void))AllocMem( startcodesize, MEMF_CHIP); if (!startfunc) { fprintf (stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for code\n"); FreeMem ((void *)memptr, memreq); FreeMem ((void *)stack, TEMP_STACKSIZE); exit (EXIT_FAILURE); } /* copy startup code to CHIP RAM */ memcpy (startfunc, ©all, startcodesize); if (debugflag) { if (bi.ramdisk_size) printf ("RAM disk at %#lx, size is %ldK\n", (u_long)memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data, bi.ramdisk_size); printf ("\nKernel text at %#lx, code size %x\n", start_mem, kexec.a_text); printf ("Kernel data at %#lx, data size %x\n", start_mem + kexec.a_text, kexec.a_data ); printf ("Kernel bss at %#lx, bss size %x\n", start_mem + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data, kexec.a_bss ); printf ("boot info at %#lx\n", start_mem + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data + kexec.a_bss); printf ("\nKernel entry is %#x\n", kexec.a_entry ); printf ("ramdisk dest top is %#lx\n", start_mem + mem_size); printf ("ramdisk lower limit is %#lx\n", (u_long)(memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data)); printf ("ramdisk src top is %#lx\n", (u_long)(memptr + kexec.a_text + kexec.a_data) + rd_size); printf ("Type a key to continue the Linux boot..."); fflush (stdout); getchar(); } /* wait for things to settle down */ sleep(2); /* FN: If a Rainbow III board is present, reset it to disable */ /* its (possibly activated) vertical blank interrupts as the */ /* kernel is not yet prepared to handle them (level 6). */ if (rb3_reg != NULL) { /* set RESET bit in special function register */ *rb3_reg = 0x01; /* actually, only a few cycles delay are required... */ sleep(1); /* clear reset bit */ *rb3_reg = 0x00; } /* the same stuff as above, for the Piccolo board. */ /* this also has the side effect of resetting the board's */ /* output selection logic to use the Amiga's display in single */ /* monitor systems - which is currently what we want. */ if (piccolo_reg != NULL) { /* set RESET bit in special function register */ *piccolo_reg = 0x01; /* actually, only a few cycles delay are required... */ sleep(1); /* clear reset bit */ *piccolo_reg = 0x51; } /* the same stuff as above, for the SD64 board. */ /* just as on the Piccolo, this also resets the monitor switch */ if (sd64_reg != NULL) { /* set RESET bit in special function register */ *sd64_reg = 0x1f; /* actually, only a few cycles delay are required... */ sleep(1); /* clear reset bit AND switch monitor bit (0x20) */ *sd64_reg = 0x4f; } if (GfxBase) { /* set graphics mode to a nice normal one */ LoadView (NULL); CloseLibrary ((struct Library *)GfxBase); } Disable(); /* Turn off all DMA */ custom.dmacon = DMAF_ALL | DMAF_MASTER; /* turn off caches */ CacheControl (0L, ~0L); /* Go into supervisor state */ SuperState (); /* setup stack */ change_stack ((char *) stack + TEMP_STACKSIZE); /* turn off any mmu translation */ disable_mmu (); /* execute the copy-and-go code (from CHIP RAM) */ startfunc(); /* NOTREACHED */ }