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This is bfd.info, produced by Makeinfo version 3.12f from bfd.texinfo.
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* Bfd: (bfd). The Binary File Descriptor library.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
This file documents the BFD library.
Copyright (C) 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, subject to the
terms of the GNU General Public License, which includes the provision
that the entire resulting derived work is distributed under the terms
of a permission notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions.
File: bfd.info, Node: typedef arelent, Next: howto manager, Prev: Relocations, Up: Relocations
typedef arelent
---------------
This is the structure of a relocation entry:
typedef enum bfd_reloc_status
{
/* No errors detected */
bfd_reloc_ok,
/* The relocation was performed, but there was an overflow. */
bfd_reloc_overflow,
/* The address to relocate was not within the section supplied. */
bfd_reloc_outofrange,
/* Used by special functions */
bfd_reloc_continue,
/* Unsupported relocation size requested. */
bfd_reloc_notsupported,
/* Unused */
bfd_reloc_other,
/* The symbol to relocate against was undefined. */
bfd_reloc_undefined,
/* The relocation was performed, but may not be ok - presently
generated only when linking i960 coff files with i960 b.out
symbols. If this type is returned, the error_message argument
to bfd_perform_relocation will be set. */
bfd_reloc_dangerous
}
bfd_reloc_status_type;
typedef struct reloc_cache_entry
{
/* A pointer into the canonical table of pointers */
struct symbol_cache_entry **sym_ptr_ptr;
/* offset in section */
bfd_size_type address;
/* addend for relocation value */
bfd_vma addend;
/* Pointer to how to perform the required relocation */
reloc_howto_type *howto;
} arelent;
*Description*
Here is a description of each of the fields within an `arelent':
* `sym_ptr_ptr'
The symbol table pointer points to a pointer to the symbol
associated with the relocation request. It is the pointer into the
table returned by the back end's `get_symtab' action. *Note Symbols::.
The symbol is referenced through a pointer to a pointer so that tools
like the linker can fix up all the symbols of the same name by
modifying only one pointer. The relocation routine looks in the symbol
and uses the base of the section the symbol is attached to and the
value of the symbol as the initial relocation offset. If the symbol
pointer is zero, then the section provided is looked up.
* `address'
The `address' field gives the offset in bytes from the base of the
section data which owns the relocation record to the first byte of
relocatable information. The actual data relocated will be relative to
this point; for example, a relocation type which modifies the bottom
two bytes of a four byte word would not touch the first byte pointed to
in a big endian world.
* `addend'
The `addend' is a value provided by the back end to be added (!) to
the relocation offset. Its interpretation is dependent upon the howto.
For example, on the 68k the code:
char foo[];
main()
{
return foo[0x12345678];
}
Could be compiled into:
linkw fp,#-4
moveb @#12345678,d0
extbl d0
unlk fp
rts
This could create a reloc pointing to `foo', but leave the offset in
the data, something like:
RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
offset type value
00000006 32 _foo
00000000 4e56 fffc ; linkw fp,#-4
00000004 1039 1234 5678 ; moveb @#12345678,d0
0000000a 49c0 ; extbl d0
0000000c 4e5e ; unlk fp
0000000e 4e75 ; rts
Using coff and an 88k, some instructions don't have enough space in
them to represent the full address range, and pointers have to be
loaded in two parts. So you'd get something like:
or.u r13,r0,hi16(_foo+0x12345678)
ld.b r2,r13,lo16(_foo+0x12345678)
jmp r1
This should create two relocs, both pointing to `_foo', and with
0x12340000 in their addend field. The data would consist of:
RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
offset type value
00000002 HVRT16 _foo+0x12340000
00000006 LVRT16 _foo+0x12340000
00000000 5da05678 ; or.u r13,r0,0x5678
00000004 1c4d5678 ; ld.b r2,r13,0x5678
00000008 f400c001 ; jmp r1
The relocation routine digs out the value from the data, adds it to
the addend to get the original offset, and then adds the value of
`_foo'. Note that all 32 bits have to be kept around somewhere, to cope
with carry from bit 15 to bit 16.
One further example is the sparc and the a.out format. The sparc has
a similar problem to the 88k, in that some instructions don't have room
for an entire offset, but on the sparc the parts are created in odd
sized lumps. The designers of the a.out format chose to not use the
data within the section for storing part of the offset; all the offset
is kept within the reloc. Anything in the data should be ignored.
save %sp,-112,%sp
sethi %hi(_foo+0x12345678),%g2
ldsb [%g2+%lo(_foo+0x12345678)],%i0
ret
restore
Both relocs contain a pointer to `foo', and the offsets contain junk.
RELOCATION RECORDS FOR [.text]:
offset type value
00000004 HI22 _foo+0x12345678
00000008 LO10 _foo+0x12345678
00000000 9de3bf90 ; save %sp,-112,%sp
00000004 05000000 ; sethi %hi(_foo+0),%g2
00000008 f048a000 ; ldsb [%g2+%lo(_foo+0)],%i0
0000000c 81c7e008 ; ret
00000010 81e80000 ; restore
* `howto'
The `howto' field can be imagined as a relocation instruction. It is
a pointer to a structure which contains information on what to do with
all of the other information in the reloc record and data section. A
back end would normally have a relocation instruction set and turn
relocations into pointers to the correct structure on input - but it
would be possible to create each howto field on demand.
`enum complain_overflow'
........................
Indicates what sort of overflow checking should be done when
performing a relocation.
enum complain_overflow
{
/* Do not complain on overflow. */
complain_overflow_dont,
/* Complain if the bitfield overflows, whether it is considered
as signed or unsigned. */
complain_overflow_bitfield,
/* Complain if the value overflows when considered as signed
number. */
complain_overflow_signed,
/* Complain if the value overflows when considered as an
unsigned number. */
complain_overflow_unsigned
};
`reloc_howto_type'
..................
The `reloc_howto_type' is a structure which contains all the
information that libbfd needs to know to tie up a back end's data.
struct symbol_cache_entry; /* Forward declaration */
struct reloc_howto_struct
{
/* The type field has mainly a documentary use - the back end can
do what it wants with it, though normally the back end's
external idea of what a reloc number is stored
in this field. For example, a PC relative word relocation
in a coff environment has the type 023 - because that's
what the outside world calls a R_PCRWORD reloc. */
unsigned int type;
/* The value the final relocation is shifted right by. This drops
unwanted data from the relocation. */
unsigned int rightshift;
/* The size of the item to be relocated. This is *not* a
power-of-two measure. To get the number of bytes operated
on by a type of relocation, use bfd_get_reloc_size. */
int size;
/* The number of bits in the item to be relocated. This is used
when doing overflow checking. */
unsigned int bitsize;
/* Notes that the relocation is relative to the location in the
data section of the addend. The relocation function will
subtract from the relocation value the address of the location
being relocated. */
boolean pc_relative;
/* The bit position of the reloc value in the destination.
The relocated value is left shifted by this amount. */
unsigned int bitpos;
/* What type of overflow error should be checked for when
relocating. */
enum complain_overflow complain_on_overflow;
/* If this field is non null, then the supplied function is
called rather than the normal function. This allows really
strange relocation methods to be accomodated (e.g., i960 callj
instructions). */
bfd_reloc_status_type (*special_function)
PARAMS ((bfd *abfd,
arelent *reloc_entry,
struct symbol_cache_entry *symbol,
PTR data,
asection *input_section,
bfd *output_bfd,
char **error_message));
/* The textual name of the relocation type. */
char *name;
/* Some formats record a relocation addend in the section contents
rather than with the relocation. For ELF formats this is the
distinction between USE_REL and USE_RELA (though the code checks
for USE_REL == 1/0). The value of this field is TRUE if the
addend is recorded with the section contents; when performing a
partial link (ld -r) the section contents (the data) will be
modified. The value of this field is FALSE if addends are
recorded with the relocation (in arelent.addend); when performing
a partial link the relocation will be modified.
All relocations for all ELF USE_RELA targets should set this field
to FALSE (values of TRUE should be looked on with suspicion).
However, the converse is not true: not all relocations of all ELF
USE_REL targets set this field to TRUE. Why this is so is peculiar
to each particular target. For relocs that aren't used in partial
links (e.g. GOT stuff) it doesn't matter what this is set to. */
boolean partial_inplace;
/* The src_mask selects which parts of the read in data
are to be used in the relocation sum. E.g., if this was an 8 bit
byte of data which we read and relocated, this would be
0x000000ff. When we have relocs which have an addend, such as
sun4 extended relocs, the value in the offset part of a
relocating field is garbage so we never use it. In this case
the mask would be 0x00000000. */
bfd_vma src_mask;
/* The dst_mask selects which parts of the instruction are replaced
into the instruction. In most cases src_mask == dst_mask,
except in the above special case, where dst_mask would be
0x000000ff, and src_mask would be 0x00000000. */
bfd_vma dst_mask;
/* When some formats create PC relative instructions, they leave
the value of the pc of the place being relocated in the offset
slot of the instruction, so that a PC relative relocation can
be made just by adding in an ordinary offset (e.g., sun3 a.out).
Some formats leave the displacement part of an instruction
empty (e.g., m88k bcs); this flag signals the fact.*/
boolean pcrel_offset;
};
`The HOWTO Macro'
.................
*Description*
The HOWTO define is horrible and will go away.
#define HOWTO(C, R,S,B, P, BI, O, SF, NAME, INPLACE, MASKSRC, MASKDST, PC) \
{(unsigned)C,R,S,B, P, BI, O,SF,NAME,INPLACE,MASKSRC,MASKDST,PC}
*Description*
And will be replaced with the totally magic way. But for the moment, we
are compatible, so do it this way.
#define NEWHOWTO( FUNCTION, NAME,SIZE,REL,IN) HOWTO(0,0,SIZE,0,REL,0,complain_overflow_dont,FUNCTION, NAME,false,0,0,IN)
*Description*
This is used to fill in an empty howto entry in an array.
#define EMPTY_HOWTO(C) \
HOWTO((C),0,0,0,false,0,complain_overflow_dont,NULL,NULL,false,0,0,false)
*Description*
Helper routine to turn a symbol into a relocation value.
#define HOWTO_PREPARE(relocation, symbol) \
{ \
if (symbol != (asymbol *)NULL) { \
if (bfd_is_com_section (symbol->section)) { \
relocation = 0; \
} \
else { \
relocation = symbol->value; \
} \
} \
}
`bfd_get_reloc_size'
....................
*Synopsis*
unsigned int bfd_get_reloc_size (reloc_howto_type *);
*Description*
For a reloc_howto_type that operates on a fixed number of bytes, this
returns the number of bytes operated on.
`arelent_chain'
...............
*Description*
How relocs are tied together in an `asection':
typedef struct relent_chain {
arelent relent;
struct relent_chain *next;
} arelent_chain;
`bfd_check_overflow'
....................
*Synopsis*
bfd_reloc_status_type
bfd_check_overflow
(enum complain_overflow how,
unsigned int bitsize,
unsigned int rightshift,
unsigned int addrsize,
bfd_vma relocation);
*Description*
Perform overflow checking on RELOCATION which has BITSIZE significant
bits and will be shifted right by RIGHTSHIFT bits, on a machine with
addresses containing ADDRSIZE significant bits. The result is either of
`bfd_reloc_ok' or `bfd_reloc_overflow'.
`bfd_perform_relocation'
........................
*Synopsis*
bfd_reloc_status_type
bfd_perform_relocation
(bfd *abfd,
arelent *reloc_entry,
PTR data,
asection *input_section,
bfd *output_bfd,
char **error_message);
*Description*
If OUTPUT_BFD is supplied to this function, the generated image will be
relocatable; the relocations are copied to the output file after they
have been changed to reflect the new state of the world. There are two
ways of reflecting the results of partial linkage in an output file: by
modifying the output data in place, and by modifying the relocation
record. Some native formats (e.g., basic a.out and basic coff) have no
way of specifying an addend in the relocation type, so the addend has
to go in the output data. This is no big deal since in these formats
the output data slot will always be big enough for the addend. Complex
reloc types with addends were invented to solve just this problem. The
ERROR_MESSAGE argument is set to an error message if this return
`bfd_reloc_dangerous'.
`bfd_install_relocation'
........................
*Synopsis*
bfd_reloc_status_type
bfd_install_relocation
(bfd *abfd,
arelent *reloc_entry,
PTR data, bfd_vma data_start,
asection *input_section,
char **error_message);
*Description*
This looks remarkably like `bfd_perform_relocation', except it does not
expect that the section contents have been filled in. I.e., it's
suitable for use when creating, rather than applying a relocation.
For now, this function should be considered reserved for the
assembler.
File: bfd.info, Node: howto manager, Prev: typedef arelent, Up: Relocations
The howto manager
=================
When an application wants to create a relocation, but doesn't know
what the target machine might call it, it can find out by using this
bit of code.
`bfd_reloc_code_type'
.....................
*Description*
The insides of a reloc code. The idea is that, eventually, there will
be one enumerator for every type of relocation we ever do. Pass one of
these values to `bfd_reloc_type_lookup', and it'll return a howto
pointer.
This does mean that the application must determine the correct
enumerator value; you can't get a howto pointer from a random set of
attributes.
Here are the possible values for `enum bfd_reloc_code_real':
- : BFD_RELOC_64
- : BFD_RELOC_32
- : BFD_RELOC_26
- : BFD_RELOC_24
- : BFD_RELOC_16
- : BFD_RELOC_14
- : BFD_RELOC_8
Basic absolute relocations of N bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_64_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_24_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_12_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_8_PCREL
PC-relative relocations. Sometimes these are relative to the
address of the relocation itself; sometimes they are relative to
the start of the section containing the relocation. It depends on
the specific target.
The 24-bit relocation is used in some Intel 960 configurations.
- : BFD_RELOC_32_GOT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_16_GOT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_8_GOT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_32_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_16_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_LO16_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_8_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_32_PLT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_24_PLT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_16_PLT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_8_PLT_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_32_PLTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_16_PLTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_LO16_PLTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_PLTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_PLTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_8_PLTOFF
For ELF.
- : BFD_RELOC_68K_GLOB_DAT
- : BFD_RELOC_68K_JMP_SLOT
- : BFD_RELOC_68K_RELATIVE
Relocations used by 68K ELF.
- : BFD_RELOC_32_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_16_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_LO16_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_S_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_8_BASEREL
- : BFD_RELOC_RVA
Linkage-table relative.
- : BFD_RELOC_8_FFnn
Absolute 8-bit relocation, but used to form an address like 0xFFnn.
- : BFD_RELOC_32_PCREL_S2
- : BFD_RELOC_16_PCREL_S2
- : BFD_RELOC_23_PCREL_S2
These PC-relative relocations are stored as word displacements -
i.e., byte displacements shifted right two bits. The 30-bit word
displacement (<<32_PCREL_S2>> - 32 bits, shifted 2) is used on the
SPARC. (SPARC tools generally refer to this as <<WDISP30>>.) The
signed 16-bit displacement is used on the MIPS, and the 23-bit
displacement is used on the Alpha.
- : BFD_RELOC_HI22
- : BFD_RELOC_LO10
High 22 bits and low 10 bits of 32-bit value, placed into lower
bits of the target word. These are used on the SPARC.
- : BFD_RELOC_GPREL16
- : BFD_RELOC_GPREL32
For systems that allocate a Global Pointer register, these are
displacements off that register. These relocation types are
handled specially, because the value the register will have is
decided relatively late.
- : BFD_RELOC_I960_CALLJ
Reloc types used for i960/b.out.
- : BFD_RELOC_NONE
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC13
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT13
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GOT22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WPLT30
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_COPY
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_GLOB_DAT
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_JMP_SLOT
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_RELATIVE
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_UA32
SPARC ELF relocations. There is probably some overlap with other
relocation types already defined.
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE13
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_BASE22
I think these are specific to SPARC a.out (e.g., Sun 4).
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_64
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_11
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_OLO10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HH22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HM10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_LM22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_HH22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_HM10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PC_LM22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP16
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_WDISP19
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_7
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_6
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_5
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_DISP64
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_PLT64
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_HIX22
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_LOX10
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_H44
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_M44
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_L44
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_REGISTER
SPARC64 relocations
- : BFD_RELOC_SPARC_REV32
SPARC little endian relocation
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_HI16
Alpha ECOFF and ELF relocations. Some of these treat the symbol or
"addend" in some special way. For GPDISP_HI16 ("gpdisp")
relocations, the symbol is ignored when writing; when reading, it
will be the absolute section symbol. The addend is the
displacement in bytes of the "lda" instruction from the "ldah"
instruction (which is at the address of this reloc).
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP_LO16
For GPDISP_LO16 ("ignore") relocations, the symbol is handled as
with GPDISP_HI16 relocs. The addend is ignored when writing the
relocations out, and is filled in with the file's GP value on
reading, for convenience.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_GPDISP
The ELF GPDISP relocation is exactly the same as the GPDISP_HI16
relocation except that there is no accompanying GPDISP_LO16
relocation.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITERAL
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_ELF_LITERAL
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LITUSE
The Alpha LITERAL/LITUSE relocs are produced by a symbol reference;
the assembler turns it into a LDQ instruction to load the address
of the symbol, and then fills in a register in the real
instruction.
The LITERAL reloc, at the LDQ instruction, refers to the .lita
section symbol. The addend is ignored when writing, but is filled
in with the file's GP value on reading, for convenience, as with
the GPDISP_LO16 reloc.
The ELF_LITERAL reloc is somewhere between 16_GOTOFF and
GPDISP_LO16. It should refer to the symbol to be referenced, as
with 16_GOTOFF, but it generates output not based on the position
within the .got section, but relative to the GP value chosen for
the file during the final link stage.
The LITUSE reloc, on the instruction using the loaded address,
gives information to the linker that it might be able to use to
optimize away some literal section references. The symbol is
ignored (read as the absolute section symbol), and the "addend"
indicates the type of instruction using the register: 1 - "memory"
fmt insn 2 - byte-manipulation (byte offset reg) 3 - jsr (target
of branch)
The GNU linker currently doesn't do any of this optimizing.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITERAL
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_BASE
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_BYTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_LITUSE_JSR
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPDISP
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPRELHIGH
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_GPRELLOW
The BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_USER_* relocations are used by the assembler to
process the explicit !<reloc>!sequence relocations, and are mapped
into the normal relocations at the end of processing.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_HINT
The HINT relocation indicates a value that should be filled into
the "hint" field of a jmp/jsr/ret instruction, for possible branch-
prediction logic which may be provided on some processors.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_LINKAGE
The LINKAGE relocation outputs a linkage pair in the object file,
which is filled by the linker.
- : BFD_RELOC_ALPHA_CODEADDR
The CODEADDR relocation outputs a STO_CA in the object file, which
is filled by the linker.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_JMP
Bits 27..2 of the relocation address shifted right 2 bits; simple
reloc otherwise.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS16_JMP
The MIPS16 jump instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS16_GPREL
MIPS16 GP relative reloc.
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16
High 16 bits of 32-bit value; simple reloc.
- : BFD_RELOC_HI16_S
High 16 bits of 32-bit value but the low 16 bits will be sign
extended and added to form the final result. If the low 16 bits
form a negative number, we need to add one to the high value to
compensate for the borrow when the low bits are added.
- : BFD_RELOC_LO16
Low 16 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_PCREL_HI16_S
Like BFD_RELOC_HI16_S, but PC relative.
- : BFD_RELOC_PCREL_LO16
Like BFD_RELOC_LO16, but PC relative.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GPREL
Relocation relative to the global pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_LITERAL
Relocation against a MIPS literal section.
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GPREL32
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_HI16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_LO16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL_HI16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_CALL_LO16
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_SUB
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_PAGE
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_OFST
- : BFD_RELOC_MIPS_GOT_DISP
MIPS ELF relocations.
- : BFD_RELOC_386_GOT32
- : BFD_RELOC_386_PLT32
- : BFD_RELOC_386_COPY
- : BFD_RELOC_386_GLOB_DAT
- : BFD_RELOC_386_JUMP_SLOT
- : BFD_RELOC_386_RELATIVE
- : BFD_RELOC_386_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_386_GOTPC
i386/elf relocations
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_8
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_16
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_32
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_8_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_16_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_IMM_32_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_8
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_16
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_32
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_8_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_16_PCREL
- : BFD_RELOC_NS32K_DISP_32_PCREL
ns32k relocations
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_HI16
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_LO16
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_DIR16
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_DIR32
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_REL16
- : BFD_RELOC_PJ_CODE_REL32
Picojava relocs. Not all of these appear in object files.
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_B26
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA26
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_TOC16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16_BRTAKEN
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_B16_BRNTAKEN
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16_BRTAKEN
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_BA16_BRNTAKEN
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_COPY
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_GLOB_DAT
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_JMP_SLOT
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_RELATIVE
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_LOCAL24PC
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR32
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_LO
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_HI
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_NADDR16_HA
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDAI16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA2I16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA2REL
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_SDA21
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_MRKREF
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELSEC16
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_LO
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_HI
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELST_HA
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_BIT_FLD
- : BFD_RELOC_PPC_EMB_RELSDA
Power(rs6000) and PowerPC relocations.
- : BFD_RELOC_I370_D12
IBM 370/390 relocations
- : BFD_RELOC_CTOR
The type of reloc used to build a contructor table - at the moment
probably a 32 bit wide absolute relocation, but the target can
choose. It generally does map to one of the other relocation
types.
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_PCREL_BRANCH
ARM 26 bit pc-relative branch. The lowest two bits must be zero
and are not stored in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_PCREL_BLX
ARM 26 bit pc-relative branch. The lowest bit must be zero and is
not stored in the instruction. The 2nd lowest bit comes from a 1
bit field in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BLX
Thumb 22 bit pc-relative branch. The lowest bit must be zero and
is not stored in the instruction. The 2nd lowest bit comes from a
1 bit field in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_IMMEDIATE
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_ADRL_IMMEDIATE
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_OFFSET_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_SHIFT_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_SWI
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_MULTI
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_CP_OFF_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_ADR_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_LDR_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_LITERAL
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_IN_POOL
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_OFFSET_IMM8
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_HWLITERAL
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_ADD
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_IMM
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_SHIFT
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_THUMB_OFFSET
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOT12
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOT32
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_JUMP_SLOT
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_COPY
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_GLOB_DAT
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_PLT32
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_RELATIVE
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOTOFF
- : BFD_RELOC_ARM_GOTPC
These relocs are only used within the ARM assembler. They are not
(at present) written to any object files.
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_PCDISP8BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_PCDISP12BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM4BY4
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_IMM8BY4
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_PCRELIMM8BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_PCRELIMM8BY4
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_SWITCH16
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_SWITCH32
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_USES
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_COUNT
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_ALIGN
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_CODE
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_DATA
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_LABEL
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_LOOP_START
- : BFD_RELOC_SH_LOOP_END
Hitachi SH relocs. Not all of these appear in object files.
- : BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH9
- : BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH12
- : BFD_RELOC_THUMB_PCREL_BRANCH23
Thumb 23-, 12- and 9-bit pc-relative branches. The lowest bit must
be zero and is not stored in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_ARC_B22_PCREL
Argonaut RISC Core (ARC) relocs. ARC 22 bit pc-relative branch.
The lowest two bits must be zero and are not stored in the
instruction. The high 20 bits are installed in bits 26 through 7
of the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_ARC_B26
ARC 26 bit absolute branch. The lowest two bits must be zero and
are not stored in the instruction. The high 24 bits are installed
in bits 23 through 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D10V_10_PCREL_R
Mitsubishi D10V relocs. This is a 10-bit reloc with the right 2
bits assumed to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D10V_10_PCREL_L
Mitsubishi D10V relocs. This is a 10-bit reloc with the right 2
bits assumed to be 0. This is the same as the previous reloc
except it is in the left container, i.e., shifted left 15 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_D10V_18
This is an 18-bit reloc with the right 2 bits assumed to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D10V_18_PCREL
This is an 18-bit reloc with the right 2 bits assumed to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_6
Mitsubishi D30V relocs. This is a 6-bit absolute reloc.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_9_PCREL
This is a 6-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed to
be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_9_PCREL_R
This is a 6-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed to
be 0. Same as the previous reloc but on the right side of the
container.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_15
This is a 12-bit absolute reloc with the right 3 bitsassumed to be
0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_15_PCREL
This is a 12-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed
to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_15_PCREL_R
This is a 12-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed
to be 0. Same as the previous reloc but on the right side of the
container.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_21
This is an 18-bit absolute reloc with the right 3 bits assumed to
be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_21_PCREL
This is an 18-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed
to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_21_PCREL_R
This is an 18-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 3 bits assumed
to be 0. Same as the previous reloc but on the right side of the
container.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_32
This is a 32-bit absolute reloc.
- : BFD_RELOC_D30V_32_PCREL
This is a 32-bit pc-relative reloc.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_24
Mitsubishi M32R relocs. This is a 24 bit absolute address.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_10_PCREL
This is a 10-bit pc-relative reloc with the right 2 bits assumed
to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_18_PCREL
This is an 18-bit reloc with the right 2 bits assumed to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_26_PCREL
This is a 26-bit reloc with the right 2 bits assumed to be 0.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_HI16_ULO
This is a 16-bit reloc containing the high 16 bits of an address
used when the lower 16 bits are treated as unsigned.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_HI16_SLO
This is a 16-bit reloc containing the high 16 bits of an address
used when the lower 16 bits are treated as signed.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_LO16
This is a 16-bit reloc containing the lower 16 bits of an address.
- : BFD_RELOC_M32R_SDA16
This is a 16-bit reloc containing the small data area offset for
use in add3, load, and store instructions.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_9_PCREL
This is a 9-bit reloc
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_22_PCREL
This is a 22-bit reloc
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_16_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the short data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_15_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset (of which only 15 bits are used) from the
short data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_16_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the zero data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_15_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset (of which only 15 bits are used) from the
zero data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_6_8_OFFSET
This is an 8 bit offset (of which only 6 bits are used) from the
tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_7_8_OFFSET
This is an 8bit offset (of which only 7 bits are used) from the
tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_7_7_OFFSET
This is a 7 bit offset from the tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_16_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_4_5_OFFSET
This is a 5 bit offset (of which only 4 bits are used) from the
tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_TDA_4_4_OFFSET
This is a 4 bit offset from the tiny data area pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_SDA_16_16_SPLIT_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the short data area pointer, with the
bits placed non-contigously in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_ZDA_16_16_SPLIT_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the zero data area pointer, with the
bits placed non-contigously in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_CALLT_6_7_OFFSET
This is a 6 bit offset from the call table base pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_V850_CALLT_16_16_OFFSET
This is a 16 bit offset from the call table base pointer.
- : BFD_RELOC_MN10300_32_PCREL
This is a 32bit pcrel reloc for the mn10300, offset by two bytes
in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_MN10300_16_PCREL
This is a 16bit pcrel reloc for the mn10300, offset by two bytes
in the instruction.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC30_LDP
This is a 8bit DP reloc for the tms320c30, where the most
significant 8 bits of a 24 bit word are placed into the least
significant 8 bits of the opcode.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC54X_PARTLS7
This is a 7bit reloc for the tms320c54x, where the least
significant 7 bits of a 16 bit word are placed into the least
significant 7 bits of the opcode.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC54X_PARTMS9
This is a 9bit DP reloc for the tms320c54x, where the most
significant 9 bits of a 16 bit word are placed into the least
significant 9 bits of the opcode.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC54X_23
This is an extended address 23-bit reloc for the tms320c54x.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC54X_16_OF_23
This is a 16-bit reloc for the tms320c54x, where the least
significant 16 bits of a 23-bit extended address are placed into
the opcode.
- : BFD_RELOC_TIC54X_MS7_OF_23
This is a reloc for the tms320c54x, where the most significant 7
bits of a 23-bit extended address are placed into the opcode.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_48
This is a 48 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores 32 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_20
This is a 32 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores 20 bits split up
into two sections.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_6_IN_4
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores a 6 bit word
offset in 4 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_8_IN_8
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores an 8 bit byte
offset into 8 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_9_IN_8
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores a 9 bit short
offset into 8 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_10_IN_8
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores a 10 bit word
offset into 8 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_9_PCREL
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores a 9 bit pc relative
short offset into 8 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_FR30_12_PCREL
This is a 16 bit reloc for the FR30 that stores a 12 bit pc
relative short offset into 11 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM8BY4
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM11BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_IMM4BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_32
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_PCREL_JSR_IMM11BY2
- : BFD_RELOC_MCORE_RVA
Motorola Mcore relocations.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_7_PCREL
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit pc relative
short offset into 7 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_13_PCREL
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 13 bit pc relative
short offset into 12 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_16_PM
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 17 bit value
(usually program memory address) into 16 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (usually
data memory address) into 8 bit immediate value of LDI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (high 8
bit of data memory address) into 8 bit immediate value of LDI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (most
high 8 bit of program memory address) into 8 bit immediate value
of LDI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(usually data memory address) into 8 bit immediate value of SUBI
insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(high 8 bit of data memory address) into 8 bit immediate value of
SUBI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(most high 8 bit of program memory address) into 8 bit immediate
value of LDI or SUBI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (usually
command address) into 8 bit immediate value of LDI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (high 8
bit of command address) into 8 bit immediate value of LDI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 8 bit value (most
high 8 bit of command address) into 8 bit immediate value of LDI
insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_LO8_LDI_PM_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(usually command address) into 8 bit immediate value of SUBI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HI8_LDI_PM_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(high 8 bit of 16 bit command address) into 8 bit immediate value
of SUBI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_HH8_LDI_PM_NEG
This is a 16 bit reloc for the AVR that stores negated 8 bit value
(high 6 bit of 22 bit command address) into 8 bit immediate value
of SUBI insn.
- : BFD_RELOC_AVR_CALL
This is a 32 bit reloc for the AVR that stores 23 bit value into
22 bits.
- : BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_INHERIT
- : BFD_RELOC_VTABLE_ENTRY
These two relocations are used by the linker to determine which of
the entries in a C++ virtual function table are actually used.
When the -gc-sections option is given, the linker will zero out
the entries that are not used, so that the code for those
functions need not be included in the output.
VTABLE_INHERIT is a zero-space relocation used to describe to the
linker the inheritence tree of a C++ virtual function table. The
relocation's symbol should be the parent class' vtable, and the
relocation should be located at the child vtable.
VTABLE_ENTRY is a zero-space relocation that describes the use of a
virtual function table entry. The reloc's symbol should refer to
the table of the class mentioned in the code. Off of that base,
an offset describes the entry that is being used. For Rela hosts,
this offset is stored in the reloc's addend. For Rel hosts, we
are forced to put this offset in the reloc's section offset.
typedef enum bfd_reloc_code_real bfd_reloc_code_real_type;
`bfd_reloc_type_lookup'
.......................
*Synopsis*
reloc_howto_type *
bfd_reloc_type_lookup (bfd *abfd, bfd_reloc_code_real_type code);
*Description*
Return a pointer to a howto structure which, when invoked, will perform
the relocation CODE on data from the architecture noted.
`bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup'
...............................
*Synopsis*
reloc_howto_type *bfd_default_reloc_type_lookup
(bfd *abfd, bfd_reloc_code_real_type code);
*Description*
Provides a default relocation lookup routine for any architecture.
`bfd_get_reloc_code_name'
.........................
*Synopsis*
const char *bfd_get_reloc_code_name (bfd_reloc_code_real_type code);
*Description*
Provides a printable name for the supplied relocation code. Useful
mainly for printing error messages.
`bfd_generic_relax_section'
...........................
*Synopsis*
boolean bfd_generic_relax_section
(bfd *abfd,
asection *section,
struct bfd_link_info *,
boolean *);
*Description*
Provides default handling for relaxing for back ends which don't do
relaxing - i.e., does nothing.
`bfd_generic_gc_sections'
.........................
*Synopsis*
boolean bfd_generic_gc_sections
(bfd *, struct bfd_link_info *);
*Description*
Provides default handling for relaxing for back ends which don't do
section gc - i.e., does nothing.
`bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents'
............................................
*Synopsis*
bfd_byte *
bfd_generic_get_relocated_section_contents (bfd *abfd,
struct bfd_link_info *link_info,
struct bfd_link_order *link_order,
bfd_byte *data,
boolean relocateable,
asymbol **symbols);
*Description*
Provides default handling of relocation effort for back ends which
can't be bothered to do it efficiently.
File: bfd.info, Node: Core Files, Next: Targets, Prev: Relocations, Up: BFD front end
Core files
==========
*Description*
These are functions pertaining to core files.
`bfd_core_file_failing_command'
...............................
*Synopsis*
CONST char *bfd_core_file_failing_command(bfd *abfd);
*Description*
Return a read-only string explaining which program was running when it
failed and produced the core file ABFD.
`bfd_core_file_failing_signal'
..............................
*Synopsis*
int bfd_core_file_failing_signal(bfd *abfd);
*Description*
Returns the signal number which caused the core dump which generated
the file the BFD ABFD is attached to.
`core_file_matches_executable_p'
................................
*Synopsis*
boolean core_file_matches_executable_p
(bfd *core_bfd, bfd *exec_bfd);
*Description*
Return `true' if the core file attached to CORE_BFD was generated by a
run of the executable file attached to EXEC_BFD, `false' otherwise.
File: bfd.info, Node: Targets, Next: Architectures, Prev: Core Files, Up: BFD front end
Targets
=======
*Description*
Each port of BFD to a different machine requries the creation of a
target back end. All the back end provides to the root part of BFD is a
structure containing pointers to functions which perform certain low
level operations on files. BFD translates the applications's requests
through a pointer into calls to the back end routines.
When a file is opened with `bfd_openr', its format and target are
unknown. BFD uses various mechanisms to determine how to interpret the
file. The operations performed are:
* Create a BFD by calling the internal routine `_bfd_new_bfd', then
call `bfd_find_target' with the target string supplied to
`bfd_openr' and the new BFD pointer.
* If a null target string was provided to `bfd_find_target', look up
the environment variable `GNUTARGET' and use that as the target
string.
* If the target string is still `NULL', or the target string is
`default', then use the first item in the target vector as the
target type, and set `target_defaulted' in the BFD to cause
`bfd_check_format' to loop through all the targets. *Note
bfd_target::. *Note Formats::.
* Otherwise, inspect the elements in the target vector one by one,
until a match on target name is found. When found, use it.
* Otherwise return the error `bfd_error_invalid_target' to
`bfd_openr'.
* `bfd_openr' attempts to open the file using `bfd_open_file', and
returns the BFD.
Once the BFD has been opened and the target selected, the file
format may be determined. This is done by calling `bfd_check_format' on
the BFD with a suggested format. If `target_defaulted' has been set,
each possible target type is tried to see if it recognizes the
specified format. `bfd_check_format' returns `true' when the caller
guesses right.
* Menu:
* bfd_target::
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