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This is gdb.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.1 from ./gdb.texinfo.INFO-DIR-SECTION Programming & development tools.START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY* Gdb: (gdb). The GNU debugger.END-INFO-DIR-ENTRYThis file documents the GNU debugger GDB.This is the Ninth Edition, December 2001, of `Debugging with GDB:the GNU Source-Level Debugger' for GDB Version 5.3.Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,1998,1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this documentunder the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 orany later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with theInvariant Sections being "Free Software" and "Free Software Needs FreeDocumentation", with the Front-Cover Texts being "A GNU Manual," andwith the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below.(a) The Free Software Foundation's Back-Cover Text is: "You havefreedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU software. Copiespublished by the Free Software Foundation raise funds for GNUdevelopment."File: gdb.info, Node: Index, Prev: GNU Free Documentation License, Up: TopIndex****** Menu:* ! packet: Packets.* "No symbol "foo" in current context": Variables.* # (a comment): Command Syntax.* # in Modula-2: GDB/M2.* $: Value History.* $$: Value History.* $_ and info breakpoints: Set Breaks.* $_ and info line: Machine Code.* $_, $__, and value history: Memory.* $_, convenience variable: Convenience Vars.* $__, convenience variable: Convenience Vars.* $_exitcode, convenience variable: Convenience Vars.* $bpnum, convenience variable: Set Breaks.* $cdir, convenience variable: Source Path.* $cwdr, convenience variable: Source Path.* $tpnum: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* $trace_file: Tracepoint Variables.* $trace_frame: Tracepoint Variables.* $trace_func: Tracepoint Variables.* $trace_line: Tracepoint Variables.* $tracepoint: Tracepoint Variables.* --annotate: Mode Options.* --args: Mode Options.* --async: Mode Options.* --batch: Mode Options.* --baud: Mode Options.* --cd: Mode Options.* --command: File Options.* --core: File Options.* --directory: File Options.* --epoch: Mode Options.* --exec: File Options.* --fullname: Mode Options.* --interpreter: Mode Options.* --mapped: File Options.* --noasync: Mode Options.* --nowindows: Mode Options.* --nx: Mode Options.* --pid: File Options.* --quiet: Mode Options.* --readnow: File Options.* --se: File Options.* --silent: Mode Options.* --statistics: Mode Options.* --symbols: File Options.* --tty: Mode Options.* --tui: Mode Options.* --version: Mode Options.* --windows: Mode Options.* --write: Mode Options.* -b: Mode Options.* -break-after: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-condition: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-delete: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-disable: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-enable: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-info: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-insert: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-list: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -break-watch: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* -c: File Options.* -d: File Options.* -data-disassemble: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -data-evaluate-expression: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -data-list-changed-registers: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -data-list-register-names: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -data-list-register-values: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -data-read-memory: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -display-delete: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -display-disable: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -display-enable: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -display-insert: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -display-list: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -e: File Options.* -environment-cd: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -environment-directory: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -environment-path: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -environment-pwd: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* -exec-abort: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-arguments: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-continue: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-finish: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-interrupt: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-next: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-next-instruction: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-return: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-run: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-show-arguments: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-step: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-step-instruction: GDB/MI Program Control.* -exec-until: GDB/MI Program Control.* -f: Mode Options.* -file-exec-and-symbols: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-exec-file: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-list-exec-sections: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-list-exec-source-files: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-list-shared-libraries: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-list-symbol-files: GDB/MI Program Control.* -file-symbol-file: GDB/MI Program Control.* -gdb-exit: GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands.* -gdb-set: GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands.* -gdb-show: GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands.* -gdb-version: GDB/MI Miscellaneous Commands.* -m: File Options.* -n: Mode Options.* -nw: Mode Options.* -p: File Options.* -q: Mode Options.* -r: File Options.* -s: File Options.* -stack-info-depth: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -stack-info-frame: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -stack-list-arguments: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -stack-list-frames: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -stack-list-locals: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -stack-select-frame: GDB/MI Stack Manipulation.* -symbol-info-address: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-info-file: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-info-function: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-info-line: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-info-symbol: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-list-functions: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-list-types: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-list-variables: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-locate: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -symbol-type: GDB/MI Symbol Query.* -t: Mode Options.* -target-attach: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-compare-sections: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-detach: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-download: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-exec-status: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-list-available-targets: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-list-current-targets: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-list-parameters: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -target-select: GDB/MI Target Manipulation.* -thread-info: GDB/MI Thread Commands.* -thread-list-all-threads: GDB/MI Thread Commands.* -thread-list-ids: GDB/MI Thread Commands.* -thread-select: GDB/MI Thread Commands.* -var-assign: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-create: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-delete: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-evaluate-expression: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-info-expression: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-info-num-children: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-info-type: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-list-children: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-set-format: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-show-attributes: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-show-format: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -var-update: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* -w: Mode Options.* -x: File Options.* ., Modula-2 scope operator: M2 Scope.* .esgdbinit: Command Files.* .gdbinit: Command Files.* .o files, reading symbols from: Files.* .os68gdbinit: Command Files.* .vxgdbinit: Command Files.* /proc: SVR4 Process Information.* ? packet: Packets.* @, referencing memory as an array: Arrays.* ^done: GDB/MI Result Records.* ^error: GDB/MI Result Records.* ^running: GDB/MI Result Records.* A packet: Packets.* a.out and C++: C plus plus expressions.* abbreviation: Command Syntax.* abort (C-g): Miscellaneous Commands.* accept-line (Newline, Return): Commands For History.* acknowledgment, for GDB remote: Overview.* actions: Tracepoint Actions.* active targets: Active Targets.* add-shared-symbol-file: Files.* add-symbol-file: Files.* address of a symbol: Symbols.* Alpha stack: MIPS.* AMD 29K register stack: A29K.* annotations: Annotations Overview.* annotations for breakpoints: Breakpoint Info.* annotations for display: Displays.* annotations for errors, warnings and interrupts: Errors.* annotations for frames: Frame Annotations.* annotations for invalidation messages: Invalidation.* annotations for prompts: Prompting.* annotations for running programs: Annotations for Running.* annotations for source display: Source Annotations.* annotations for values: Value Annotations.* append: Dump/Restore Files.* append binary: Dump/Restore Files.* append data to a file: Dump/Restore Files.* apropos: Help.* arg-begin: Value Annotations.* arg-end: Value Annotations.* arg-name-end: Value Annotations.* arg-value: Value Annotations.* arguments (to your program): Arguments.* array-section-end: Value Annotations.* artificial array: Arrays.* assembly instructions: Machine Code.* assignment: Assignment.* async output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* AT&T disassembly flavor: Machine Code.* attach: Attach.* automatic display: Auto Display.* automatic overlay debugging: Automatic Overlay Debugging.* automatic thread selection: Threads.* awatch: Set Watchpoints.* b (break): Set Breaks.* B packet: Packets.* b packet: Packets.* backtrace: Backtrace.* backtraces: Backtrace.* backward-char (C-b): Commands For Moving.* backward-delete-char (Rubout): Commands For Text.* backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout): Commands For Killing.* backward-kill-word (M-DEL): Commands For Killing.* backward-word (M-b): Commands For Moving.* beginning-of-history (M-<): Commands For History.* beginning-of-line (C-a): Commands For Moving.* bell-style: Readline Init File Syntax.* break: Set Breaks.* break ... thread THREADNO: Thread Stops.* break in overloaded functions: Debugging C plus plus.* breakpoint: Annotations for Running.* breakpoint commands: Break Commands.* breakpoint commands for GDB/MI: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* breakpoint conditions: Conditions.* breakpoint numbers: Breakpoints.* breakpoint on events: Breakpoints.* breakpoint on memory address: Breakpoints.* breakpoint on variable modification: Breakpoints.* breakpoint ranges: Breakpoints.* breakpoint subroutine, remote: Stub Contents.* breakpoints: Breakpoints.* breakpoints and threads: Thread Stops.* breakpoints in overlays: Overlay Commands.* breakpoints-headers: Breakpoint Info.* breakpoints-invalid: Invalidation.* breakpoints-table: Breakpoint Info.* breakpoints-table-end: Breakpoint Info.* bt (backtrace): Backtrace.* bug criteria: Bug Criteria.* bug reports: Bug Reporting.* bugs in GDB: GDB Bugs.* c (continue): Continuing and Stepping.* c (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* C and C++: C.* C and C++ checks: C Checks.* C and C++ constants: C Constants.* C and C++ defaults: C Defaults.* C and C++ operators: C Operators.* C packet: Packets.* c packet: Packets.* C++: C.* C++ and object formats: C plus plus expressions.* C++ exception handling: Debugging C plus plus.* C++ scope resolution: Variables.* C++ support, not in COFF: C plus plus expressions.* C++ symbol decoding style: Print Settings.* C++ symbol display: Debugging C plus plus.* C-L: TUI Keys.* C-o (operate-and-get-next): Command Syntax.* C-x 1: TUI Keys.* C-x 2: TUI Keys.* C-x A: TUI Keys.* C-x a: TUI Keys.* C-x C-a: TUI Keys.* C-x s: TUI Keys.* call: Calling.* call overloaded functions: C plus plus expressions.* call stack: Stack.* call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e): Keyboard Macros.* calling functions: Calling.* calling make: Shell Commands.* capitalize-word (M-c): Commands For Text.* casts, to view memory: Expressions.* catch: Set Catchpoints.* catch catch: Set Catchpoints.* catch exceptions, list active handlers: Frame Info.* catch exec: Set Catchpoints.* catch fork: Set Catchpoints.* catch load: Set Catchpoints.* catch throw: Set Catchpoints.* catch unload: Set Catchpoints.* catch vfork: Set Catchpoints.* catchpoints: Breakpoints.* catchpoints, setting: Set Catchpoints.* cd: Working Directory.* cdir: Source Path.* character-search (C-]): Miscellaneous Commands.* character-search-backward (M-C-]): Miscellaneous Commands.* checks, range: Type Checking.* checks, type: Checks.* checksum, for GDB remote: Overview.* choosing target byte order: Byte Order.* clear: Delete Breaks.* clear-screen (C-l): Commands For Moving.* clearing breakpoints, watchpoints, catchpoints: Delete Breaks.* COFF versus C++: C plus plus expressions.* collect (tracepoints): Tracepoint Actions.* collected data discarded: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* colon, doubled as scope operator: M2 Scope.* colon-colon, context for variables/functions: Variables.* colon-colon, in Modula-2: M2 Scope.* command editing: Readline Bare Essentials.* command files: Command Files.* command hooks: Hooks.* command line editing: Editing.* commands <1>: Prompting.* commands: Break Commands.* commands for C++: Debugging C plus plus.* commands to STDBUG (ST2000): ST2000.* comment: Command Syntax.* comment-begin: Readline Init File Syntax.* compatibility, GDB/MI and CLI: GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI.* compilation directory: Source Path.* compiling, on Sparclet: Sparclet.* complete: Help.* complete (TAB): Commands For Completion.* completion: Completion.* completion of quoted strings: Completion.* completion-query-items: Readline Init File Syntax.* condition: Conditions.* conditional breakpoints: Conditions.* configuring GDB: Installing GDB.* confirmation: Messages/Warnings.* connect (to STDBUG): ST2000.* console output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* continue: Continuing and Stepping.* continuing: Continuing and Stepping.* continuing threads: Thread Stops.* control C, and remote debugging: Bootstrapping.* controlling terminal: Input/Output.* convenience variables: Convenience Vars.* convenience variables for tracepoints: Tracepoint Variables.* convert-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.* copy-backward-word (): Commands For Killing.* copy-forward-word (): Commands For Killing.* copy-region-as-kill (): Commands For Killing.* core: Files.* core dump file: Files.* core-file: Files.* crash of debugger: Bug Criteria.* current directory: Source Path.* current stack frame: Frames.* current thread: Threads.* cwd: Source Path.* Cygwin-specific commands: Cygwin Native.* d (delete): Delete Breaks.* d (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* D packet: Packets.* d packet: Packets.* data manipulation, in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* debugger crash: Bug Criteria.* debugging optimized code: Compilation.* debugging stub, example: remote stub.* debugging target: Targets.* define: Define.* defining macros interactively: Macros.* definition, showing a macro's: Macros.* delete: Delete Breaks.* delete breakpoints: Delete Breaks.* delete display: Auto Display.* delete mem: Memory Region Attributes.* delete tracepoint: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* delete-char (C-d): Commands For Text.* delete-char-or-list (): Commands For Completion.* delete-horizontal-space (): Commands For Killing.* deleting breakpoints, watchpoints, catchpoints: Delete Breaks.* demangling: Print Settings.* descriptor tables display: DJGPP Native.* detach: Attach.* device: Hitachi Boards.* digit-argument (M-0, M-1, ... M--): Numeric Arguments.* dir: Source Path.* direct memory access (DMA) on MS-DOS: DJGPP Native.* directories for source files: Source Path.* directory: Source Path.* directory, compilation: Source Path.* directory, current: Source Path.* dis (disable): Disabling.* disable: Disabling.* disable breakpoints: Disabling.* disable display: Auto Display.* disable mem: Memory Region Attributes.* disable tracepoint: Enable and Disable Tracepoints.* disable-completion: Readline Init File Syntax.* disassemble: Machine Code.* display: Auto Display.* display of expressions: Auto Display.* display-begin: Displays.* display-end: Displays.* display-expression: Displays.* display-expression-end: Displays.* display-format: Displays.* display-number-end: Displays.* display-value: Displays.* DJGPP debugging: DJGPP Native.* dll-symbols: Cygwin Native.* do (down): Selection.* do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-X, ...): Miscellaneous Commands.* document: Define.* documentation: Formatting Documentation.* Down: TUI Keys.* down: Selection.* down-silently: Selection.* downcase-word (M-l): Commands For Text.* download to H8/300 or H8/500: H8/300.* download to Hitachi SH: H8/300.* download to Nindy-960: i960.* download to Sparclet: Sparclet Download.* download to VxWorks: VxWorks Download.* dump: Dump/Restore Files.* dump all data collected at tracepoint: tdump.* dump binary: Dump/Restore Files.* dump data to a file: Dump/Restore Files.* dump ihex: Dump/Restore Files.* dump srec: Dump/Restore Files.* dump tekhex: Dump/Restore Files.* dump-functions (): Miscellaneous Commands.* dump-macros (): Miscellaneous Commands.* dump-variables (): Miscellaneous Commands.* dump/restore files: Dump/Restore Files.* dynamic linking: Files.* echo: Output.* ECOFF and C++: C plus plus expressions.* editing: Editing.* editing command lines: Readline Bare Essentials.* editing-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.* ELF/DWARF and C++: C plus plus expressions.* ELF/stabs and C++: C plus plus expressions.* else: Define.* elt: Value Annotations.* elt-rep: Value Annotations.* elt-rep-end: Value Annotations.* Emacs: Emacs.* enable: Disabling.* enable breakpoints: Disabling.* enable display: Auto Display.* enable mem: Memory Region Attributes.* enable tracepoint: Enable and Disable Tracepoints.* enable-keypad: Readline Init File Syntax.* end: Break Commands.* end-kbd-macro (C-x )): Keyboard Macros.* end-of-history (M->): Commands For History.* end-of-line (C-e): Commands For Moving.* entering numbers: Numbers.* environment (of your program): Environment.* error: Errors.* error on valid input: Bug Criteria.* error-begin: Errors.* event designators: Event Designators.* event handling: Set Catchpoints.* examining data: Data.* examining memory: Memory.* exception handlers: Set Catchpoints.* exception handlers, how to list: Frame Info.* exceptionHandler: Bootstrapping.* exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x): Miscellaneous Commands.* exec-file: Files.* executable file: Files.* exited: Annotations for Running.* exiting GDB: Quitting GDB.* expand-tilde: Readline Init File Syntax.* expanding preprocessor macros: Macros.* expressions: Expressions.* expressions in C or C++: C.* expressions in C++: C plus plus expressions.* expressions in Modula-2: Modula-2.* f (frame): Selection.* f (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* fatal signal: Bug Criteria.* fatal signals: Signals.* fg (resume foreground execution): Continuing and Stepping.* field: Breakpoint Info.* field-begin: Value Annotations.* field-end: Value Annotations.* field-name-end: Value Annotations.* field-value: Value Annotations.* file: Files.* find trace snapshot: tfind.* finish: Continuing and Stepping.* flinching: Messages/Warnings.* floating point: Floating Point Hardware.* floating point registers: Registers.* floating point, MIPS remote: MIPS Embedded.* flush_i_cache: Bootstrapping.* focus: TUI Commands.* focus of debugging: Threads.* foo: Symbol Errors.* fork, debugging programs which call: Processes.* format options: Print Settings.* formatted output: Output Formats.* Fortran: Summary.* forward-backward-delete-char (): Commands For Text.* forward-char (C-f): Commands For Moving.* forward-search: Search.* forward-search-history (C-s): Commands For History.* forward-word (M-f): Commands For Moving.* frame number: Frames.* frame pointer: Frames.* frame, command: Frames.* frame, definition: Frames.* frame, selecting: Selection.* frame-address: Frame Annotations.* frame-address-end: Frame Annotations.* frame-args: Frame Annotations.* frame-begin: Frame Annotations.* frame-end: Frame Annotations.* frame-function-name: Frame Annotations.* frame-source-begin: Frame Annotations.* frame-source-end: Frame Annotations.* frame-source-file: Frame Annotations.* frame-source-file-end: Frame Annotations.* frame-source-line: Frame Annotations.* frame-where: Frame Annotations.* frameless execution: Frames.* frames-invalid: Invalidation.* free memory information (MS-DOS): DJGPP Native.* Fujitsu: remote stub.* function-call: Frame Annotations.* functions without line info, and stepping: Continuing and Stepping.* G packet: Packets.* g packet: Packets.* g++, GNU C++ compiler: C.* garbled pointers: DJGPP Native.* GDB bugs, reporting: Bug Reporting.* GDB reference card: Formatting Documentation.* gdb.ini: Command Files.* GDB/MI, breakpoint commands: GDB/MI Breakpoint Table Commands.* GDB/MI, compatibility with CLI: GDB/MI Compatibility with CLI.* GDB/MI, data manipulation: GDB/MI Data Manipulation.* GDB/MI, input syntax: GDB/MI Input Syntax.* GDB/MI, its purpose: GDB/MI.* GDB/MI, out-of-band records: GDB/MI Out-of-band Records.* GDB/MI, output syntax: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* GDB/MI, result records: GDB/MI Result Records.* GDB/MI, simple examples: GDB/MI Simple Examples.* GDB/MI, stream records: GDB/MI Stream Records.* GDBHISTFILE: History.* gdbserve.nlm: NetWare.* gdbserver: Server.* GDT: DJGPP Native.* getDebugChar: Bootstrapping.* GNU C++: C.* GNU Emacs: Emacs.* h (help): Help.* H packet: Packets.* H8/300 or H8/500 download: H8/300.* handle: Signals.* handle_exception: Stub Contents.* handling signals: Signals.* hardware watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.* hbreak: Set Breaks.* help: Help.* help target: Target Commands.* help user-defined: Define.* heuristic-fence-post (Alpha, MIPS): MIPS.* history events: Event Designators.* history expansion <1>: History Interaction.* history expansion: History.* history file: History.* history number: Value History.* history save: History.* history size: History.* history substitution: History.* history-search-backward (): Commands For History.* history-search-forward (): Commands For History.* Hitachi: remote stub.* Hitachi SH download: H8/300.* hook: Hooks.* hook-: Hooks.* hookpost: Hooks.* hookpost-: Hooks.* hooks, for commands: Hooks.* hooks, post-command: Hooks.* hooks, pre-command: Hooks.* horizontal-scroll-mode: Readline Init File Syntax.* i (info): Help.* I packet: Packets.* i packet: Packets.* i/o: Input/Output.* i386: remote stub.* i386-stub.c: remote stub.* i960: i960.* IDT: DJGPP Native.* if: Define.* ignore: Conditions.* ignore count (of breakpoint): Conditions.* INCLUDE_RDB: VxWorks.* info: Help.* info address: Symbols.* info all-registers: Registers.* info args: Frame Info.* info breakpoints: Set Breaks.* info catch: Frame Info.* info display: Auto Display.* info dll: Cygwin Native.* info dos: DJGPP Native.* info extensions: Show.* info f (info frame): Frame Info.* info files: Files.* info float: Floating Point Hardware.* info frame: Frame Info.* info frame, show the source language: Show.* info functions: Symbols.* info line: Machine Code.* info locals: Frame Info.* info macro: Macros.* info mem: Memory Region Attributes.* info proc: SVR4 Process Information.* info proc mappings: SVR4 Process Information.* info program: Stopping.* info registers: Registers.* info s (info stack): Backtrace.* info scope: Symbols.* info set: Help.* info share: Files.* info sharedlibrary: Files.* info signals: Signals.* info source: Symbols.* info source, show the source language: Show.* info sources: Symbols.* info stack: Backtrace.* info symbol: Symbols.* info target: Files.* info terminal: Input/Output.* info threads: Threads.* info tracepoints: Listing Tracepoints.* info types: Symbols.* info variables: Symbols.* info vector: Vector Unit.* info w32: Cygwin Native.* info watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.* info win: TUI Commands.* information about tracepoints: Listing Tracepoints.* inheritance: Debugging C plus plus.* init file: Command Files.* init file name: Command Files.* initial frame: Frames.* initialization file, readline: Readline Init File.* innermost frame: Frames.* input syntax for GDB/MI: GDB/MI Input Syntax.* input-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.* insert-comment (M-#): Miscellaneous Commands.* insert-completions (M-*): Commands For Completion.* inspect: Data.* installation: Installing GDB.* instructions, assembly: Machine Code.* Intel: remote stub.* Intel disassembly flavor: Machine Code.* interaction, readline: Readline Interaction.* internal commands: Maintenance Commands.* internal GDB breakpoints: Set Breaks.* interrupt: Quitting GDB.* interrupting remote programs: Debug Session.* interrupting remote targets: Bootstrapping.* invalid input: Bug Criteria.* isearch-terminators: Readline Init File Syntax.* jump: Jumping.* k packet: Packets.* kernel object: KOD.* kernel object display: KOD.* keymap: Readline Init File Syntax.* kill: Kill Process.* kill ring: Readline Killing Commands.* kill-line (C-k): Commands For Killing.* kill-region (): Commands For Killing.* kill-whole-line (): Commands For Killing.* kill-word (M-d): Commands For Killing.* killing text: Readline Killing Commands.* KOD: KOD.* l (list): List.* languages: Languages.* last tracepoint number: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* latest breakpoint: Set Breaks.* layout asm: TUI Commands.* layout next: TUI Commands.* layout prev: TUI Commands.* layout regs: TUI Commands.* layout split: TUI Commands.* layout src: TUI Commands.* LDT: DJGPP Native.* leaving GDB: Quitting GDB.* Left: TUI Keys.* linespec: List.* list: List.* list output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* listing machine instructions: Machine Code.* listing mapped overlays: Overlay Commands.* load address, overlay's: How Overlays Work.* load FILENAME: Target Commands.* local variables: Symbols.* locate address: Output Formats.* log output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* M packet: Packets.* m packet: Packets.* m680x0: remote stub.* m68k-stub.c: remote stub.* machine instructions: Machine Code.* macro define: Macros.* macro definition, showing: Macros.* macro expand: Macros.* macro expand-once: Macros.* macro expansion, showing the results of preprocessor: Macros.* macro undef: Macros.* macros, example of debugging with: Macros.* macros, user-defined: Macros.* maint info breakpoints: Maintenance Commands.* maint info sections: Files.* maint print cooked-registers: Maintenance Commands.* maint print psymbols: Symbols.* maint print raw-registers: Maintenance Commands.* maint print registers: Maintenance Commands.* maint print symbols: Symbols.* maintenance commands: Maintenance Commands.* make: Shell Commands.* manual overlay debugging: Overlay Commands.* map an overlay: Overlay Commands.* mapped: Files.* mapped address: How Overlays Work.* mapped overlays: How Overlays Work.* mark-modified-lines: Readline Init File Syntax.* mem: Memory Region Attributes.* member functions: C plus plus expressions.* memory models, H8/500: H8/500.* memory region attributes: Memory Region Attributes.* memory tracing: Breakpoints.* memory, viewing as typed object: Expressions.* memory-mapped symbol file: Files.* memset: Bootstrapping.* menu-complete (): Commands For Completion.* meta-flag: Readline Init File Syntax.* MIPS boards: MIPS Embedded.* MIPS remote floating point: MIPS Embedded.* MIPS remotedebug protocol: MIPS Embedded.* MIPS stack: MIPS.* Modula-2: Summary.* Modula-2 built-ins: Built-In Func/Proc.* Modula-2 checks: M2 Checks.* Modula-2 constants: Built-In Func/Proc.* Modula-2 defaults: M2 Defaults.* Modula-2 operators: M2 Operators.* Modula-2, deviations from: Deviations.* Modula-2, GDB support: Modula-2.* Motorola 680x0: remote stub.* MS Windows debugging: Cygwin Native.* MS-DOS system info: DJGPP Native.* MS-DOS-specific commands: DJGPP Native.* multiple processes: Processes.* multiple targets: Active Targets.* multiple threads: Threads.* n (next): Continuing and Stepping.* n (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* names of symbols: Symbols.* namespace in C++: C plus plus expressions.* native Cygwin debugging: Cygwin Native.* native DJGPP debugging: DJGPP Native.* negative breakpoint numbers: Set Breaks.* New SYSTAG message: Threads.* New SYSTAG message, on HP-UX: Threads.* next: Continuing and Stepping.* next-history (C-n): Commands For History.* nexti: Continuing and Stepping.* ni (nexti): Continuing and Stepping.* Nindy: i960.* non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n): Commands For History.* non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p): Commands For History.* notation, readline: Readline Bare Essentials.* notational conventions, for GDB/MI: GDB/MI.* notify output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* number representation: Numbers.* numbers for breakpoints: Breakpoints.* object files, relocatable, reading symbols from: Files.* object formats and C++: C plus plus expressions.* online documentation: Help.* optimized code, debugging: Compilation.* out-of-band records in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Out-of-band Records.* outermost frame: Frames.* output: Output.* output formats: Output Formats.* output syntax of GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* output-meta: Readline Init File Syntax.* overlay area: How Overlays Work.* overlay auto: Overlay Commands.* overlay example program: Overlay Sample Program.* overlay load-target: Overlay Commands.* overlay manual: Overlay Commands.* overlay map-overlay: Overlay Commands.* overlay off: Overlay Commands.* overlay unmap-overlay: Overlay Commands.* overlays: Overlays.* overlays, setting breakpoints in: Overlay Commands.* overload-choice: Prompting.* overloaded functions, calling: C plus plus expressions.* overloaded functions, overload resolution: Debugging C plus plus.* overloading: Breakpoint Menus.* overloading in C++: Debugging C plus plus.* P packet: Packets.* p packet: Packets.* packets, reporting on stdout: Debugging Output.* page tables display (MS-DOS): DJGPP Native.* partial symbol dump: Symbols.* Pascal: Summary.* passcount: Tracepoint Passcounts.* patching binaries: Patching.* path: Environment.* pauses in output: Screen Size.* PgDn: TUI Keys.* PgUp: TUI Keys.* physical address from linear address: DJGPP Native.* pipes: Starting.* pointer, finding referent: Print Settings.* possible-completions (M-?): Commands For Completion.* post-commands: Prompting.* post-overload-choice: Prompting.* post-prompt: Prompting.* post-prompt-for-continue: Prompting.* post-query: Prompting.* pre-commands: Prompting.* pre-overload-choice: Prompting.* pre-prompt: Prompting.* pre-prompt-for-continue: Prompting.* pre-query: Prompting.* prefix-meta (ESC): Miscellaneous Commands.* preprocessor macro expansion, showing the results of: Macros.* previous-history (C-p): Commands For History.* print: Data.* print settings: Print Settings.* printf: Output.* printing data: Data.* process image: SVR4 Process Information.* processes, multiple: Processes.* prompt <1>: Prompting.* prompt: Prompt.* prompt-for-continue: Prompting.* protocol, GDB remote serial: Overview.* ptype: Symbols.* putDebugChar: Bootstrapping.* pwd: Working Directory.* q (quit): Quitting GDB.* q (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* Q packet: Packets.* q packet: Packets.* query: Prompting.* quit: Errors.* quit [EXPRESSION]: Quitting GDB.* quoted-insert (C-q, C-v): Commands For Text.* quotes in commands: Completion.* quoting names: Symbols.* r (run): Starting.* r (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* R packet: Packets.* r packet: Packets.* raise exceptions: Set Catchpoints.* range checking: Type Checking.* ranges of breakpoints: Breakpoints.* rbreak: Set Breaks.* re-read-init-file (C-x C-r): Miscellaneous Commands.* reading symbols from relocatable object files: Files.* reading symbols immediately: Files.* readline: Editing.* readnow: Files.* recent tracepoint number: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* record: Breakpoint Info.* redirection: Input/Output.* redraw-current-line (): Commands For Moving.* reference card: Formatting Documentation.* reference declarations: C plus plus expressions.* refresh: TUI Commands.* register stack, AMD29K: A29K.* registers: Registers.* regular expression: Set Breaks.* reloading symbols: Symbols.* reloading the overlay table: Overlay Commands.* relocatable object files, reading symbols from: Files.* remote connection without stubs: Server.* remote debugging: Remote.* remote programs, interrupting: Debug Session.* remote protocol, field separator: Overview.* remote serial debugging summary: Debug Session.* remote serial debugging, overview: remote stub.* remote serial protocol: Overview.* remote serial stub: Stub Contents.* remote serial stub list: remote stub.* remote serial stub, initialization: Stub Contents.* remote serial stub, main routine: Stub Contents.* remote stub, example: remote stub.* remote stub, support routines: Bootstrapping.* remotedebug, MIPS protocol: MIPS Embedded.* remotetimeout: Sparclet.* remove actions from a tracepoint: Tracepoint Actions.* repeating command sequences: Command Syntax.* repeating commands: Command Syntax.* reporting bugs in GDB: GDB Bugs.* reset: Nindy Reset.* response time, MIPS debugging: MIPS.* restore: Dump/Restore Files.* restore data from a file: Dump/Restore Files.* result records in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Result Records.* resuming execution: Continuing and Stepping.* RET (repeat last command): Command Syntax.* retransmit-timeout, MIPS protocol: MIPS Embedded.* return: Returning.* returning from a function: Returning.* reverse-search: Search.* reverse-search-history (C-r): Commands For History.* revert-line (M-r): Miscellaneous Commands.* Right: TUI Keys.* run: Starting.* running: Starting.* running and debugging Sparclet programs: Sparclet Execution.* running VxWorks tasks: VxWorks Attach.* running, on Sparclet: Sparclet.* rwatch: Set Watchpoints.* s (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* s (step): Continuing and Stepping.* S packet: Packets.* s packet: Packets.* save tracepoints for future sessions: save-tracepoints.* save-tracepoints: save-tracepoints.* saving symbol table: Files.* scope: M2 Scope.* search: Search.* searching: Search.* section: Files.* segment descriptor tables: DJGPP Native.* select trace snapshot: tfind.* select-frame: Frames.* selected frame: Stack.* selecting frame silently: Frames.* self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, ...): Commands For Text.* sequence-id, for GDB remote: Overview.* serial connections, debugging: Debugging Output.* serial device, Hitachi micros: Hitachi Boards.* serial line speed, Hitachi micros: Hitachi Boards.* serial line, target remote: Debug Session.* serial protocol, GDB remote: Overview.* server prefix for annotations: Server Prefix.* set: Help.* set args: Arguments.* set auto-solib-add: Files.* set auto-solib-limit: Files.* set check range: Range Checking.* set check type: Type Checking.* set check, range: Range Checking.* set check, type: Type Checking.* set complaints: Messages/Warnings.* set confirm: Messages/Warnings.* set debug arch: Debugging Output.* set debug event: Debugging Output.* set debug expression: Debugging Output.* set debug overload: Debugging Output.* set debug remote: Debugging Output.* set debug serial: Debugging Output.* set debug target: Debugging Output.* set debug varobj: Debugging Output.* set debugevents: Cygwin Native.* set debugexceptions: Cygwin Native.* set debugexec: Cygwin Native.* set debugmemory: Cygwin Native.* set demangle-style: Print Settings.* set disassembly-flavor: Machine Code.* set editing: Editing.* set endian auto: Byte Order.* set endian big: Byte Order.* set endian little: Byte Order.* set environment: Environment.* set extension-language: Show.* set follow-fork-mode: Processes.* set gnutarget: Target Commands.* set height: Screen Size.* set history expansion: History.* set history filename: History.* set history save: History.* set history size: History.* set input-radix: Numbers.* set language: Manually.* set listsize: List.* set machine: Hitachi Special.* set max-user-call-depth: Define.* set memory MOD: H8/500.* set mipsfpu: MIPS Embedded.* set new-console: Cygwin Native.* set new-group: Cygwin Native.* set opaque-type-resolution: Symbols.* set output-radix: Numbers.* set overload-resolution: Debugging C plus plus.* set print address: Print Settings.* set print array: Print Settings.* set print asm-demangle: Print Settings.* set print demangle: Print Settings.* set print elements: Print Settings.* set print max-symbolic-offset: Print Settings.* set print null-stop: Print Settings.* set print object: Print Settings.* set print pretty: Print Settings.* set print sevenbit-strings: Print Settings.* set print static-members: Print Settings.* set print symbol-filename: Print Settings.* set print union: Print Settings.* set print vtbl: Print Settings.* set processor ARGS: MIPS Embedded.* set prompt: Prompt.* set remotedebug, MIPS protocol: MIPS Embedded.* set retransmit-timeout: MIPS Embedded.* set rstack_high_address: A29K.* set shell: Cygwin Native.* set step-mode: Continuing and Stepping.* set symbol-reloading: Symbols.* set timeout: MIPS Embedded.* set tracepoint: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* set trust-readonly-sections: Files.* set tui active-border-mode: TUI Configuration.* set tui border-kind: TUI Configuration.* set tui border-mode: TUI Configuration.* set variable: Assignment.* set verbose: Messages/Warnings.* set width: Screen Size.* set write: Patching.* set-mark (C-@): Miscellaneous Commands.* set_debug_traps: Stub Contents.* setting variables: Assignment.* setting watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.* SH: remote stub.* sh-stub.c: remote stub.* share: Files.* shared libraries: Files.* sharedlibrary: Files.* shell: Shell Commands.* shell escape: Shell Commands.* show: Help.* show args: Arguments.* show auto-solib-add: Files.* show auto-solib-limit: Files.* show check range: Range Checking.* show check type: Type Checking.* show complaints: Messages/Warnings.* show confirm: Messages/Warnings.* show convenience: Convenience Vars.* show copying: Help.* show debug arch: Debugging Output.* show debug event: Debugging Output.* show debug expression: Debugging Output.* show debug overload: Debugging Output.* show debug remote: Debugging Output.* show debug serial: Debugging Output.* show debug target: Debugging Output.* show debug varobj: Debugging Output.* show demangle-style: Print Settings.* show directories: Source Path.* show editing: Editing.* show environment: Environment.* show gnutarget: Target Commands.* show height: Screen Size.* show history: History.* show input-radix: Numbers.* show language: Show.* show listsize: List.* show machine: Hitachi Special.* show max-user-call-depth: Define.* show mipsfpu: MIPS Embedded.* show new-console: Cygwin Native.* show new-group: Cygwin Native.* show opaque-type-resolution: Symbols.* show output-radix: Numbers.* show paths: Environment.* show print address: Print Settings.* show print array: Print Settings.* show print asm-demangle: Print Settings.* show print demangle: Print Settings.* show print elements: Print Settings.* show print max-symbolic-offset: Print Settings.* show print object: Print Settings.* show print pretty: Print Settings.* show print sevenbit-strings: Print Settings.* show print static-members: Print Settings.* show print symbol-filename: Print Settings.* show print union: Print Settings.* show print vtbl: Print Settings.* show processor: MIPS Embedded.* show prompt: Prompt.* show remotedebug, MIPS protocol: MIPS Embedded.* show retransmit-timeout: MIPS Embedded.* show rstack_high_address: A29K.* show shell: Cygwin Native.* show symbol-reloading: Symbols.* show timeout: MIPS Embedded.* show user: Define.* show values: Value History.* show verbose: Messages/Warnings.* show version: Help.* show warranty: Help.* show width: Screen Size.* show write: Patching.* show-all-if-ambiguous: Readline Init File Syntax.* shows: History.* si (stepi): Continuing and Stepping.* signal <1>: Annotations for Running.* signal: Signaling.* signal-handler-caller: Frame Annotations.* signal-name: Annotations for Running.* signal-name-end: Annotations for Running.* signal-string: Annotations for Running.* signal-string-end: Annotations for Running.* signalled: Annotations for Running.* signals: Signals.* silent: Break Commands.* sim: Z8000.* simulator, Z8000: Z8000.* size of screen: Screen Size.* software watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.* source <1>: Source Annotations.* source: Command Files.* source path: Source Path.* Sparc: remote stub.* sparc-stub.c: remote stub.* sparcl-stub.c: remote stub.* Sparclet: Sparclet.* SparcLite: remote stub.* speed: Hitachi Boards.* ST2000 auxiliary commands: ST2000.* st2000 CMD: ST2000.* stack frame: Frames.* stack on Alpha: MIPS.* stack on MIPS: MIPS.* stack traces: Backtrace.* stacking targets: Active Targets.* start a new trace experiment: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* start-kbd-macro (C-x (): Keyboard Macros.* starting <1>: Annotations for Running.* starting: Starting.* status of trace data collection: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* status output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* STDBUG commands (ST2000): ST2000.* step: Continuing and Stepping.* stepi: Continuing and Stepping.* stepping: Continuing and Stepping.* stepping into functions with no line info: Continuing and Stepping.* stop a running trace experiment: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* stop reply packets: Stop Reply Packets.* stop, a pseudo-command: Hooks.* stopped threads: Thread Stops.* stopping: Annotations for Running.* stream records in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Stream Records.* stub example, remote debugging: remote stub.* stupid questions: Messages/Warnings.* switching threads: Threads.* switching threads automatically: Threads.* symbol decoding style, C++: Print Settings.* symbol dump: Symbols.* symbol from address: Symbols.* symbol names: Symbols.* symbol overloading: Breakpoint Menus.* symbol table: Files.* symbol-file: Files.* symbols, reading from relocatable object files: Files.* symbols, reading immediately: Files.* sysinfo: DJGPP Native.* T packet: Packets.* t packet: Packets.* T packet reply: Stop Reply Packets.* target: Targets.* target abug: M68K.* target array: MIPS Embedded.* target byte order: Byte Order.* target core: Target Commands.* target cpu32bug: M68K.* target dbug: M68K.* target ddb PORT: MIPS Embedded.* target dink32: PowerPC.* target e7000, with H8/300: H8/300.* target e7000, with Hitachi ICE: Hitachi ICE.* target e7000, with Hitachi SH: SH.* target es1800: M68K.* target est: M68K.* target exec: Target Commands.* target hms, and serial protocol: Hitachi Boards.* target hms, with H8/300: H8/300.* target hms, with Hitachi SH: SH.* target lsi PORT: MIPS Embedded.* target m32r: M32R/D.* target mips PORT: MIPS Embedded.* target mon960: i960.* target nindy: i960.* target nrom: Target Commands.* target op50n: PA.* target output in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Output Syntax.* target pmon PORT: MIPS Embedded.* target ppcbug: PowerPC.* target ppcbug1: PowerPC.* target r3900: MIPS Embedded.* target rdi: ARM.* target rdp: ARM.* target remote: Target Commands.* target rom68k: M68K.* target rombug: M68K.* target sds: PowerPC.* target sh3, with H8/300: H8/300.* target sh3, with SH: SH.* target sh3e, with H8/300: H8/300.* target sh3e, with SH: SH.* target sim: Target Commands.* target sim, with Z8000: Z8000.* target sparclite: Sparclite.* target vxworks: VxWorks.* target w89k: PA.* tbreak: Set Breaks.* TCP port, target remote: Debug Session.* tdump: tdump.* terminal: Input/Output.* tfind: tfind.* thbreak: Set Breaks.* this, inside C++ member functions: C plus plus expressions.* thread apply: Threads.* thread breakpoints: Thread Stops.* thread identifier (GDB): Threads.* thread identifier (system): Threads.* thread identifier (system), on HP-UX: Threads.* thread number: Threads.* thread THREADNO: Threads.* threads and watchpoints: Set Watchpoints.* threads of execution: Threads.* threads, automatic switching: Threads.* threads, continuing: Thread Stops.* threads, stopped: Thread Stops.* timeout, MIPS protocol: MIPS Embedded.* trace: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* trace experiment, status of: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* tracebacks: Backtrace.* tracepoint actions: Tracepoint Actions.* tracepoint data, display: tdump.* tracepoint deletion: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* tracepoint number: Create and Delete Tracepoints.* tracepoint pass count: Tracepoint Passcounts.* tracepoint variables: Tracepoint Variables.* tracepoints: Tracepoints.* transpose-chars (C-t): Commands For Text.* transpose-words (M-t): Commands For Text.* tstart: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* tstatus: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* tstop: Starting and Stopping Trace Experiment.* tty: Input/Output.* TUI: TUI.* TUI commands: TUI Commands.* TUI configuration variables: TUI Configuration.* TUI key bindings: TUI Keys.* TUI single key mode: TUI Single Key Mode.* type casting memory: Expressions.* type checking: Checks.* type conversions in C++: C plus plus expressions.* u (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* u (until): Continuing and Stepping.* UDP port, target remote: Debug Session.* undisplay: Auto Display.* undo (C-_, C-x C-u): Miscellaneous Commands.* universal-argument (): Numeric Arguments.* unix-line-discard (C-u): Commands For Killing.* unix-word-rubout (C-w): Commands For Killing.* unknown address, locating: Output Formats.* unmap an overlay: Overlay Commands.* unmapped overlays: How Overlays Work.* unset environment: Environment.* until: Continuing and Stepping.* Up: TUI Keys.* up: Selection.* up-silently: Selection.* upcase-word (M-u): Commands For Text.* update: TUI Commands.* user-defined command: Define.* user-defined macros: Macros.* v (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* value history: Value History.* value-begin: Value Annotations.* value-end: Value Annotations.* value-history-begin: Value Annotations.* value-history-end: Value Annotations.* value-history-value: Value Annotations.* variable name conflict: Variables.* variable objects in GDB/MI: GDB/MI Variable Objects.* variable values, wrong: Variables.* variables, setting: Assignment.* vector unit: Vector Unit.* version number: Help.* visible-stats: Readline Init File Syntax.* VxWorks: VxWorks.* vxworks-timeout: VxWorks.* w (SingleKey TUI key): TUI Single Key Mode.* watch: Set Watchpoints.* watchpoint: Annotations for Running.* watchpoints: Breakpoints.* watchpoints and threads: Set Watchpoints.* whatis: Symbols.* where: Backtrace.* while: Define.* while-stepping (tracepoints): Tracepoint Actions.* wild pointer, interpreting: Print Settings.* winheight: TUI Commands.* word completion: Completion.* working directory: Source Path.* working directory (of your program): Working Directory.* working language: Languages.* writing into corefiles: Patching.* writing into executables: Patching.* wrong values: Variables.* x (examine memory): Memory.* X packet: Packets.* x(examine), and info line: Machine Code.* XCOFF and C++: C plus plus expressions.* yank (C-y): Commands For Killing.* yank-last-arg (M-., M-_): Commands For History.* yank-nth-arg (M-C-y): Commands For History.* yank-pop (M-y): Commands For Killing.* yanking text: Readline Killing Commands.* Z packet: Packets.* z packet: Packets.* Z8000: Z8000.* Zilog Z8000 simulator: Z8000.* {TYPE}: Expressions.