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[/] [zipcpu/] [trunk/] [rtl/] [aux/] [wbarbiter.v] - Rev 72
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/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Filename: wbarbiter.v // // Project: Zip CPU -- a small, lightweight, RISC CPU soft core // // Purpose: At some point in time, I might wish to have two masters connect // to the same wishbone bus. As an example, I might wish to have // both the instruction fetch and the load/store operators // of my Zip CPU access the the same bus. How shall they both // get access to the same resource? This module allows the // wishbone interfaces from two sources to drive the bus, while // guaranteeing that only one drives the bus at a time. // // The core logic works like this: // // 1. If 'A' or 'B' asserts the o_cyc line, a bus cycle will begin, // with acccess granted to whomever requested it. // 2. If both 'A' and 'B' assert o_cyc at the same time, only 'A' // will be granted the bus. (If the alternating parameter // is set, A and B will alternate who gets the bus in // this case.) // 3. The bus will remain owned by whomever the bus was granted to // until they deassert the o_cyc line. // 4. At the end of a bus cycle, o_cyc is guaranteed to be // deasserted (low) for one clock. // 5. On the next clock, bus arbitration takes place again. If // 'A' requests the bus, no matter how long 'B' was // waiting, 'A' will then be granted the bus. (Unless // again the alternating parameter is set, then the // access is guaranteed to switch to B.) // // // Creator: Dan Gisselquist, Ph.D. // Gisselquist Technology, LLC // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // // Copyright (C) 2015, Gisselquist Technology, LLC // // This program is free software (firmware): you can redistribute it and/or // modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published // by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at // your option) any later version. // // This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT // ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTIBILITY or // FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License // for more details. // // License: GPL, v3, as defined and found on www.gnu.org, // http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html // // /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// // `define WBA_ALTERNATING module wbarbiter(i_clk, i_rst, // Bus A i_a_adr, i_a_dat, i_a_we, i_a_stb, i_a_cyc, o_a_ack, o_a_stall, o_a_err, // Bus B i_b_adr, i_b_dat, i_b_we, i_b_stb, i_b_cyc, o_b_ack, o_b_stall, o_b_err, // Both buses o_adr, o_dat, o_we, o_stb, o_cyc, i_ack, i_stall, i_err); // 18 bits will address one GB, 4 bytes at a time. // 19 bits will allow the ability to address things other than just // the 1GB of memory we are expecting. parameter DW=32, AW=19; // Wishbone doesn't use an i_ce signal. While it could, they dislike // what it would (might) do to the synchronous reset signal, i_rst. input i_clk, i_rst; input [(AW-1):0] i_a_adr, i_b_adr; input [(DW-1):0] i_a_dat, i_b_dat; input i_a_we, i_a_stb, i_a_cyc; input i_b_we, i_b_stb, i_b_cyc; output wire o_a_ack, o_b_ack, o_a_stall, o_b_stall, o_a_err, o_b_err; output wire [(AW-1):0] o_adr; output wire [(DW-1):0] o_dat; output wire o_we, o_stb, o_cyc; input i_ack, i_stall, i_err; // All the fancy stuff here is done with the three primary signals: // o_cyc // w_a_owner // w_b_owner // These signals are helped by r_cyc, r_a_owner, and r_b_owner. // If you understand these signals, all else will fall into place. // r_cyc just keeps track of the last o_cyc value. That way, on // the next clock we can tell if we've had one non-cycle before // starting another cycle. Specifically, no new cycles will be // allowed to begin unless r_cyc=0. reg r_cyc; always @(posedge i_clk) if (i_rst) r_cyc <= 1'b0; else r_cyc <= o_cyc; // Go high immediately (new cycle) if ... // Previous cycle was low and *someone* is requesting a bus cycle // Go low immadiately if ... // We were just high and the owner no longer wants the bus // WISHBONE Spec recommends no logic between a FF and the o_cyc // This violates that spec. (Rec 3.15, p35) assign o_cyc = ((~r_cyc)&&((i_a_cyc)||(i_b_cyc))) || ((r_cyc)&&((w_a_owner)||(w_b_owner))); // Register keeping track of the last owner, wire keeping track of the // current owner allowing us to not lose a clock in arbitrating the // first clock of the bus cycle reg r_a_owner, r_b_owner; wire w_a_owner, w_b_owner; `ifdef WBA_ALTERNATING reg r_a_last_owner; // Stall must be asserted on the same cycle the input master asserts // the bus, if the bus isn't granted to him. assign o_a_stall = (w_a_owner) ? i_stall : 1'b1; assign o_b_stall = (w_b_owner) ? i_stall : 1'b1; `endif always @(posedge i_clk) if (i_rst) begin r_a_owner <= 1'b0; r_b_owner <= 1'b0; end else begin r_a_owner <= w_a_owner; r_b_owner <= w_b_owner; `ifdef WBA_ALTERNATING if (w_a_owner) r_a_last_owner <= 1'b1; else if (w_b_owner) r_a_last_owner <= 1'b0; `endif end // // If you are the owner, retain ownership until i_x_cyc is no // longer asserted. Likewise, you cannot become owner until o_cyc // is de-asserted for one cycle. // // 'A' is given arbitrary priority over 'B' // 'A' may own the bus only if he wants it. When 'A' drops i_a_cyc, // o_cyc must drop and so must w_a_owner on the same cycle. // However, when 'A' asserts i_a_cyc, he can only capture the bus if // it's had an idle cycle. // The same is true for 'B' with one exception: if both contend for the // bus on the same cycle, 'A' arbitrarily wins. `ifdef WBA_ALTERNATING assign w_a_owner = (i_a_cyc) // if A requests ownership, and either && ((r_a_owner) // A has already been recognized or || ((~r_cyc) // the bus is free and &&((~i_b_cyc) // B has not requested, or if he ||(~r_a_last_owner)) )); // has, it's A's turn assign w_b_owner = (i_b_cyc)&& ((r_b_owner) || ((~r_cyc)&&((~i_a_cyc)||(r_a_last_owner)) )); `else assign w_a_owner = (i_a_cyc)&& ((r_a_owner) || (~r_cyc) ); assign w_b_owner = (i_b_cyc)&& ((r_b_owner) || ((~r_cyc)&&(~i_a_cyc)) ); `endif // Realistically, if neither master owns the bus, the output is a // don't care. Thus we trigger off whether or not 'A' owns the bus. // If 'B' owns it all we care is that 'A' does not. Likewise, if // neither owns the bus than the values on the various lines are // irrelevant. assign o_adr = (w_a_owner) ? i_a_adr : i_b_adr; assign o_dat = (w_a_owner) ? i_a_dat : i_b_dat; assign o_we = (w_a_owner) ? i_a_we : i_b_we; assign o_stb = (o_cyc) && ((w_a_owner) ? i_a_stb : i_b_stb); // We cannot allow the return acknowledgement to ever go high if // the master in question does not own the bus. Hence we force it // low if the particular master doesn't own the bus. assign o_a_ack = (w_a_owner) ? i_ack : 1'b0; assign o_b_ack = (w_b_owner) ? i_ack : 1'b0; // // assign o_a_err = (w_a_owner) ? i_err : 1'b0; assign o_b_err = (w_b_owner) ? i_err : 1'b0; endmodule
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